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Abstract

We used cytological and embryological methods to study reproductive cycle stages in Cerasus fruticosa Pall., Cerasus × eminens (Beck) Buia and Cerasus × mohacsyana (Kárpáti) Janchen from SW Slovakia, focusing on development of the male and female reproductive organs, fertilization processes and embryo formation. We found that reproductive potential was reduced by synergistic effects of negative biotic and abiotic factors. Despite the presence of degenerated, deformed pollen grains and their great variability of shape and size, a sufficient amount of normally developed viable pollen grains developed in anthers of C. fruticosa and C. × mohacsyana. Disturbed microsporogenesis in C. × eminens led to significantly lower production of viable pollen grains. We did not observe serious disturbances during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis. Lower fruit set was caused by degeneration of ovules as a result of unsuccessful pollination, fertilization failure, or embryo degeneration during its initial development.

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Authors and Affiliations

Renáta Chudíková
Ľuba Ďurišová
Tibor Baranec
Pavol Eliáš
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Abstract

Industry 4.0 (I4) as a concept offers powerful opportunities for many businesses. The set of Industry 4.0 technologies is still discussed, and boundaries are not perfectly clear. However, implementation of Industry 4.0 concept becomes strategic principle, and necessary condition for succeeding on turbulent markets. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was used before I4 emerged. However, it should be treated as its important part and even enabler. The question arises how adoption of RFID was impacted by I4 paradigm. Therefore, to answer this question a set of technology management tools was selected and applied to forecast RFID potential development in forthcoming years. Moreover, case studies were conducted for technology management tools and their applications for RFID for qualitative discussion of its relevance. It aimed to prove that existing toolset should be applied for modern technologies related to I4. Tools were proven to be necessary and successful. However, some specific challenges were observed and discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartlomiej Gladysz
1
Donatella Corti
2
Elias Montini
2

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Production Systems Organization, Warsaw, Poland
  2. University of Applied Science and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Department of Innovative Technologies
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Abstract

Sound localization problems are usually tackled by the acquisition of data from phased microphone arrays and the application of acoustic holography or beamforming algorithms. However, the number of sensors required to achieve reliable results is often prohibitive, particularly if the frequency range of interest is wide. It is shown that the number of sensors required can be reduced dramatically providing the sound field is time stationary. The use of scanning techniques such as “Scan & Paint” allows for the gathering of data across a sound field in a fast and efficient way, using a single sensor and webcam only. It is also possible to characterize the relative phase field by including an additional static microphone during the acquisition process. This paper presents the theoretical and experimental basis of the proposed method to localise sound sources using only one fixed microphone and one moving acoustic sensor. The accuracy and resolution of the method have been proven to be comparable to large microphone arrays, thus constituting the so called “virtual phased arrays”.

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Authors and Affiliations

Daniel Fernández Comesana
Keith R. Holland
Dolores García Escribano
Hans-Elias de Bree
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Abstract

The equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) is one of the most serious equine diseases worldwide. There is scarce information on the epizootiology of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in Saudi Arabia. Given the importance of the equine industry in Saudi Arabia, this cross- -sectional study aims to provide information about the prevalence of EIAV based on serological surveillance of the equine population in the country. A total of 4728 sera samples were collected (4523 horses and 205 donkeys) between December 2017 and November 2019. All samples were tested using commercially available EIAV ELISA. All tested samples showed negative results for EIAV antibodies with a 95% confidence interval. The results provided evidence that Saudi Arabia’s equine populations (horses and donkeys) are currently free of EIAV. The results also suggest the need for continuous monitoring of EIAV and strict regulation when importing horses from other countries.
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Bibliography


Alnaeem AA, Hemida MG (2019) Surveillance of the equine infectious anemia virus in Eastern and Central Saudi Arabia during 2014-2016. Vet World 12: 719-723.
Ataseven VS, Arslan HH (2005) Equine infectious anemia in mules, donkeys, and horses: Epidemiologic studies in the different geographic regions of Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci 25: 439-441.
Body M, Al-Rawahi A, Hussain M, Al-Lamki K, Al-Habsy S, Almaawali M, Alrawahi Q (2011) Sero-survey of equine infectious anemia in the Sultanate of Oman during 2007-2009. Pak Vet J 31: 235-238.
Bolfa P, Jeon I, Loftis A, Leslie T, Marchi S, Sithole F, Beck C, Lecollinet S, Zientara S, Hans A, Issel CJ (2017) Detection of west nile virus and other common equine viruses in three locations from the Leeward Islands, West Indies. Acta Trop 174: 24-28.
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Reis JK, Diniz RS, Haddad JP, Ferraz IB, Carvalho AF, Kroon EG, Ferreira PC, Leite RC (2012) Recombinant envelope protein (rgp90) ELISA for equine infectious anemia virus provides comparable results to the agar gel immunodiffusion. J Virol Methods 180: 62-67.
Sellon DC, Fuller FJ, Mcguire TC (1994) The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus. Virus Res 32: 111-138.
Sharav T, Konnai S, Ochirkhuu N, Ts EO, Mekata H, Sakoda Y, Umemura T, Murata S, Chultemdorj T, Ohashi K (2017) Detection and molecular characterization of equine infectious anemia virus in Mongolian horses. J Vet Med Sci 79: 1884-1888.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Kasem
1 2
O. Hashim
1
A. Alkarar
1
A. Hodhod
1 3
A. Elias
1
M. Abdallah
1
A. Al-Sahaf
1
A. Al-Doweriej
1
I. Qasim
1
A.S. Abdel-Moneim
4

  1. Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, 65 King Abdulaziz Road, Riyadh, 11195, Saudi Arabia
  2. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, El Geish Street, 33516, Egypt
  3. Animal Health Research Institute – Virology Department – Damanhur Branch – Egypt
  4. Microbiology Department, Virology Division, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract

This study offers a new method to synthesize facilely willemite (Zn2SiO4) based phosphor at the temperature of 800 °C. The ZnO-SiO2 nanocomposite was calcined at different temperatures between 500 and 1000 °C. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the nanocomposite obtained at various calcination temperatures were studied using different techniques. The FT-IR, XRD and the UV-vis result confirmed the formation of willemite phase. The precursor was confirmed to be amorphous by XRD at room temperature, but upon calcination temperature at 500 °C, it was transformed into a crystalline structure. The crystallinity and the particle size of the nanocomposite increase as the calcination temperature were increased as revealed by XRD and TEM measurement. The sample exhibits a spherical morphology from 500 to 800 °C and dumbbell-like morphology above 800 °C as shown by the FESEM images. The absorption spectrum suffers intense in lower temperature and tends to shift to lower wavelength in the UV region as the calcination temperature increases. The band gap values were found to be increasing from 3.228-5.550 eV obtained between 500 to 1000 °C, and all the results confirm the formation of willemite phase at 800 °C.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ibrahim Mustapha Alibe
Khamirul Amin Matori
Haj Abdul Aziz Sidek
Yakoob Yazid
Elias Saion
Ali Mustapha Alibe
Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid
Ali Engku Abd Ghapur Engku
Tasiu Zangina
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Abstract

There is an ongoing search for technologies that guarantee soybean productivity. Among them, the application of phytosanitary products stands out, since the sprayer is the most required implement during the agricultural production cycle and each error, in practice, represents a loss in the production process. With this in mind, the objective of this work was to evaluate the volume captured and the characteristics of the application in the different thirds of soybean plants with variations in hydraulic nozzles and spray volumes, as well as the use of electrification of the drops. To this end, a field experiment was conducted during the 2018/2019 summer harvest in an experimental area at the University of Rio Verde. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (3 × 4), with four repetitions, in which the first factor consisted of three variations of spray nozzles (simple fan, hollow cone and hollow cone with electrification of the drops). The second factor involved four application rates (50, 100, 150 and 200 l · ha–1). The variables evaluated were the number of drops per cm–2, percentage of coverage, volume median diameter (VMD) and the captured volume (μl · cm–2). According to the results, for the upper thirds, an increase in the application rate increased the volume of captured syrup. However, for the lower third, the factors evaluated did not interfere in this characteristic. The hydraulic tips influenced the density of droplets in the three thirds and the coverage only in the lower one. The increasing rates of application, increases the density of drops and percentage of coverage in the different thirds of the plants. The evaluated factors had no effect on the syrup distribution on the median abaxial surface of the leaves.
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Bibliography


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Boschini L., Robinson L.C., Macedo Junior E.K., Guimaraes V.F.G. 2008. Avaliacao da deposicao da calda de pulverizacao em funcao da vazao e do tipo de bico hidraulico na cultura da soja. [Evaluation the spraying syrup deposition in function of the beak type and the flow, in soybean]. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 30 (2): 171–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v30i2.1789
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Authors and Affiliations

Carlos Eduardo Leite Mello
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eduardo Lima do Carmo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Guilherme Braga Pereira Braz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Gustavo André Simon
1
ORCID: ORCID
João Vitor Alves de Sousa
1
Ana Carolina Pereira dos Reis
1
Marco Túlio Moura Leite
1
Gabriel Elias Soares de Araújo
1

  1. Agronomia, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil

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