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Plant parasitic nematodes in the soil and roots of winter wheat grown in crop rotation and long-term monoculture

Kinga Katarzyna Zatoń Andrzej Tomasz Skwiercz Ewa Adamiak Patrycja Szelągowska Grzegorz Hury

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2018 | vol. 58 | No 2 | DOI: 10.24425/122934

Keywords nematodes monoculture pathogenic fungi vector of cereal virus winter wheat

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Abstract

The species structure of plant parasitic nematode populations from the rhizosphere of winter wheat grown with crop rotation or in 48-year-old monoculture was analyzed and compared. Dominating species: Bitylenchus dubius, Merlinius microdorus, Paratylenchus neglectus and Heterodera avenae, in monoculture plots, had higher populations than in crop rotation plots. Heterodera avenae eggs and larvae were infected by pathogenic fungi in 68% of the monoculture crops (vs. 65–66% of the cysts from crop rotation), 12–20% of Paratylenchus sp. specimens were colonized by bacteria, mainly by Bacillus penetrans. This study shows nematological changes occurring in long-term wheat breeding, thus providing additional information necessary to fight dangerous viral vectors of the examined cereal.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kinga Katarzyna Zatoń

Andrzej Tomasz Skwiercz

Ewa Adamiak

Patrycja Szelągowska

Grzegorz Hury

New Ecological Cast Bronzes for Fittings Manufactured from Recycled Waste

W. Malec B. Cwolek A. Brudny B. Juszczyk J. Kulasa A. Hury W. Marek K. Stolorz D. Wróbel A. Filipowicz

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 1 | 37-42 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.144278

Keywords wastes recycling continuous casting Free machining bronze Lead free copper alloy

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Abstract

The article presents tests on a new lead-free bronze CuSn4Zn2PS, intended for fittings for contact with drinking water, in which the addition of lead was replaced with sulphur. The subject of the experimental work was the production of semi-finished products from this alloy based on the charge coming entirely from waste generated after machining. A specialized pilot line was used for the tests, and after cleaning, the waste was melted and then were continuously cast in the form of rods and hollow rods. The cleaning efficiency was assessed, and the manufactured semi-finished products were subjected to tests, including the assessment of the chemical and mechanical homogeneity and the structure of the test batch of the semi-finished casting products in terms of the possibility of manufacturing products meeting the requirements of technical specifications. The obtained results, both in terms of a stable chemical composition, homogeneous and reproducible mechanical properties, fully compliant with the specifications for fittings bronzes (CC499K), as well as the lack of faults of the obtained semi-finished products, despite a very large share of waste material, indicate the possibility of using the tested recycling method for the production of semi-products of sulphur bronze, which is an alloy that is relatively difficult to manufacture.

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Bibliography

[1] Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the quality of water intended for human consumption, Dz.U.L 435/1 of 23.12.2020.
[2] Acceptance of metallic materials used for products in contact with drinking water, 4MS Common Approach Part B “4MS Common Composition List” Retrieved July, 12, 2022 from http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/topics/water/drinking-water/distributing-drinking-water/guidelines-evaluation-criteria.
[3] DIN SPEC 2701:2018.
[4] Haake, M., Hansen, A., Leistritz, F. (2019). EP Patent No. EP 3436615. Germany. The German Patent and Trade Mark Office.
[5] PN-EN 1982:2017 Copper and copper alloys - Ingots and castings
[6] Wieland G05, GD1, GS1, SW3 material specification. Retrieved 12, July, 2022 from https://www.wieland.com/en/content/download/.
[7] Marek, W., Kopańska, D., Bieniek, J., Wróbel, D., Stolorz, K., Filipowicz, A., Malec, W., Cwolek, B., Brudny, A., Juszczyk B., Kulasa, J. (2022). PL Patent application No. PL 436188. Poland. The Patent Office of the Republic of Poland.
[8] Cwolek, B., Malec, W., Brudny, A., Kulasa, J., Marek, W., Stolorz, K., Wróbel, D. & Filipowicz, A. (2022). Development of process conditions for the preparation of copper alloys post-production chips for the continuous casting process. Archives of Foundry Engineering. (in publication).
[9] PN-EN 12861:2018-07 Copper and copper alloys – Scrap.
[10] Hansen, A. (2019). Bleifreier rotguss als armaturen-und installationswerkstoff in der trinkwasserinstallation. METALL – Forschung. 73(11), 452-455.

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Authors and Affiliations

W. Malec

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B. Cwolek

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A. Brudny

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B. Juszczyk

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J. Kulasa

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A. Hury

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W. Marek

K. Stolorz

D. Wróbel

A. Filipowicz

Łukasiewicz Research Network — Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Poland
COGNOR S.A. Oddział OM Szopienice w Katowicach, Poland

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Plant parasitic nematodes in the soil and roots of winter wheat grown in crop rotation and long-term monoculture

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Authors and Affiliations

New Ecological Cast Bronzes for Fittings Manufactured from Recycled Waste

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Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations