The internal forces in stiffeningwalls are usually determining by numerical methods. Extreme values of forces and displacements can be achieved without significant problems. The numerical model is always labour-intensive; therefore, it is not used for single-family or multi-family buildings with a simple wall layout. To calculate efficiently internal forces in such walls uses an analytical model. Eurocode 6 (prEN 1996-1-1: 2019) does not provide specific guidelines for determining geometrical characteristics and procedures for calculating the values of internal forces in the stiffening walls. The use of numerical methods and other reliable methods was allowed. The paper presents the adaptation of the total stiffness method to determine internal forces in a building with a simple wall system. The method was based on dividing the masonry wall with openings into pillars, lintels, bottom sprandels and flanged walls. The analytical results were compared with linear-elastic FEM calculations. It has been demonstrated that flexural stiffness, shear stiffness and localization of rotation centre (RC) had a crucial impact on masonry structure.

The knowledge of impacts and the load-bearing capacity of unstrengthened/strengthened structures is a crucial source of information about the safety of masonry buildings near deep excavations, especially in dense urban areas. Incorrect calculations made for such designs can seriously affect not only an analyzed object, but also the adjacent buildings. The safety of masonry buildings can be determined by many factors that are closely related to the hazards presented during the performance of deep excavations. These factors are at first identified and then prioritized. The AHP process in the multi-criteria analysis was used to support the decision-making process related to the verification of factors affecting the safety assessment of masonry buildings in the area of deep excavations. The proper design of building structures, including the verification of the structure strengthening near deep excavations, was found to be the most significant factor determining the safety of such buildings. The methodology for proceeding with the verification of ultimate (ULS) and serviceability (SLS) limit states in accordance with the literature data, current regulations, such as Eurocode 6 and other design standards, and know-how of the authors, described in this paper was the next stage of the discussed analysis.