Solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) systems are the present worldwide trends in utilizing solar energy for electricity generation. Solar energy produced from photovoltaic cells (PV) is considered the main common technology used due to its low capital cost; however, the relatively low efficiency of PV cells has spotlighted development and research on thermal engine applications using concentrated solar power. The efficiency of concentrated solar power is greater than that of PV and considering the solar potential for Sudan. Therefore, this study has been performed in an attempt to draw attention to the utilization of CSP in Sudan since the share of CSP is insignificant in comparison with PV, besides the suitability of CSP applications to Sudan’s hot climate and the high solar energy resource, the study presents a design model of 1 MW parabolic trough collectors (PTC) using the Rankine cycle with thermal energy storage (TES) in Sudan, by adopting reference values of the Gurgaon PTC power plant in India. The design of a 1 MW Concentrated Solar thermal power plant using parabolic trough collectors (PTC) and thermal energy storage is proposed. The simulation was performed for a site receiving an annual direct normal irradiance (DNI) of 1915 kWh/m2, near Khartoum. The results showed that the plant can produce between nearly 0.6 to 1 MWh during the year, and around 0.9 MWh when it encompasses thermal energy storage with an average thermal efficiency of 24%. These results of the PTC Power plant encourage further investigation and the development of CSP technologies for electricity generation in Sudan.

Anthropopression has become a factor of many negative environmental changes, including climate change. As a response to these changes, the European Union (EU) has already cut the GHG emission by 24% compared to 1990 levels. However, the goals are far greater since the Paris Agreement states that global warming should be kept down to near 2 degrees Celsius, ideally 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. By 2050, the proportion of global energy produced from coal must decline by between 73 and 97 percent to accomplish this objective. The global employment structure would definitely be affected by this decarbonization in the long run. In this paper, we concentrate on a preliminary evaluation of Poland’s future job market. As Poland’s economy is still driven by coal, energy conversion will have a significant influence on the country’s economy. However, decarbonization is both an opportunity and a challenge for the future labor market. As per research findings, the transition to renewable power would be a net job creator with the potential for new quality workers in the renewable energy industry both directly in the construction and installation of renewable power plants and indirectly in the industry that supplies the items for the system. According to the preliminary investigation of Poland’s future labor market, the future of Polish energy is the cohesion of clean energy sources and decentralized energy, while offshore wind energy in the Baltic Sea can play an important role in the national energy transition, as well as contributing to the country’s energy security and reducing environmental pollution.