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Abstract

The paper presents the scope of the international curriculum developed under the MOOC4ALL project financed by the Erasmus Plus Strategic Partnerships Program for the MOOC platform https://platform.mooc4all.eu/. The project partners were research units and non-profit organizations from Germany, Poland, Romania and Hungary. Developed under the project, the curricula covers topics in the “green area” such as renewable energy sources, waste management and sustainable development. Research conducted in the consortium countries has demonstrated the need to create online courses in these subject areas to respond to market demand and achieve the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Green education is essential for safeguarding a sustainable world, maintaining it and preserving it for future generations. Currently, in times of climate crisis, increasing public awareness through non-formal education is of key importance. In the field of education, MOOCs have attracted a lot of attention as tools for open distance learning in the last decade. They make it possible to use the potential of new technologies in the didactic process and enable a reduction in the differences between developing and developed countries thanks to new interactive digital learning channels, which transpired to be particularly important during the Covid- 19 pandemic. The online courses developed as part of the project are available to participants free of charge in five languages – English, German, Polish, Romanian and Hungarian.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Kasztelewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Barbara Tomaszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Susanne Rahner
2
Ilona Winter
2
Volker Voss
2

  1. Department of Renewable Energy and Environmental Research, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
  2. UBB e.V., Germany
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Abstract

The insurance funds belong to efficient measures mitigating risks in geothermal projects, including resource risk. They already exist in some European countries, e.g., France, the Netherlands, Turkey. Recently, the proposals of establishing such funds were elaborated for three countries: Greece, Hungary, and Poland within the framework of the EU-funded project “Developing geothermal and renewable energy projects by mitigating their risks”, GEORISK (www.georisk-project.eu).
A 10 year operational and financial simulation of the proposed public insurance funds was conducted to prove their sustainability in each of three listed states. It started with the determination of the country-specific premises. The numbers of projects in the next 10 years possible to be covered by funds were assumed by the authors on the bases of realistic estimations.
The initial capital, the fixed costs, the costs of the project evaluation, the premium fees paid by the investors, the payment for the unsuccessful projects altogether were taken into account. The first draft simulation was done with the exact Hungarian assumptions and inputs of fixed costs and also with average project data, thus making it appropriate to perform sensitivity analyses on: insurance premiums, success rates and the risk coverages. Then, complete simulations were made for three listed countries.
The results of the simulation show that a resource risk insurance fund can be a sustainable and an effective measure to support geothermal energy sector development. During the planning of a new fund, it is important to make use of long experiences both of the former and existing funds.
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Bibliography

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Boissavy, C. and Grière, O. 2017. The history and detailed results for the short and long term guarantee system for geothermal heating operations using deep aquifers set up in France in the early 1980’s. Report ADEME, March 2017. AFGP Archive.

Dumas et al. 2019 – Dumas, P., Garabetian, T., Le Guénan, T., Kępińska, B., Kasztelewicz, A., Karytsas, S., Siddiqi, G., Lupi, N., Seyidov, F., Nador, A., Kaufhold, J., Boissavy, C., Yildirim, C., Bozkurt, C., Kujbus, A., Spyridonos, E., Oztekin, R. and Link, K. 2019. Risk mitigation and insurance schemes adapted to geothermal market maturity: the right cheme for my market. Proceedings, European Geothermal Congress 2019. The Hague, The Netherlands. [Online] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333977809_Risk_Mitigation_ and_Insurance_Schemes_Adapted_to_Geothermal_Market_Maturity_The_Right_Scheme_for_my_Market [Accessed: 2021-07-04].

Dziadzio et al. 2020 – Dziadzio, P., Maj, J., Jerzak, M., Ofiara K., Bąk, D. and Kuś, B. 2020. Geothermal energy in Poland : development stimulated by the geological subfund of the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (Geotermia w Polsce: rozwój stymulowany przez środki subfunduszu geologicznego Narodowego Funduszu Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej). Przegląd Geologiczny 68(3), pp. 151–155 (in Polish).

Heijnen et al. 2015 – Heijnen, L., Rijkers, R. and Gussinklo, O.R. 2015. Management of geological and drilling risks of geothermal projects in the Netherlands. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015, Melbourne, Australia, 19–25 April 2015.

Karytsas et al. 2019 – Karytsas, S., Polyzou, O. and Karytsas, C. 2019. Social aspects of geothermal energy in Greece. Geothermal Energy and Society, pp. 123–144. Springer, Cham.

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Mendrinos et al. 2010 – Mendrinos, D., Choropanitis, I., Polyzou, O. and Karytsas, C. 2010. Exploring for geothermal resources in Greece. Geothermics 39(1), pp. 124–137.

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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Kępińska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Attila Kujbus
2
Spirydon Karytsas
3
Christian Boissavy
4
Dimitrios Mendrinos
3
Constantine Karytsas
3
Aleksandra Kasztelewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
  2. Geothermal Express Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
  3. Center for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving, Pikermi, Greece
  4. GEODEEP, Paris, France

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