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Dual-band absorption of a GaAs thin-film solar cell using a bilayer nano-antenna structure

Ashraf A. M. Khalaf M. D. Gaballa
Opto-Electronics Review | 2020 | 28 | 3 | 171-175 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2020.134426
Keywords dual absorption band light trapping plasmonic solar cell nanoantenna nanoparticles
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Abstract

The paper presents a dual-band plasmonic solar cell. The proposed unit structure gathers two layers, each layer consists of a silver nanoparticle deposited on a GaAs substrate and covered with an ITO layer, It reveals two discrete absorption bands in the infra-red part of the solar spectrum. Nanoparticle structures have been used for light-trapping to increase the absorption of plasmonic solar cells. By proper engineering of these structures, resonance frequencies and absorption coefficients can be controlled as it will be elucidated. The simulation results are achieved using CST Microwave Studio through the finite element method. The results indicate that this proposed dual-band plasmonic solar cell exhibits an absorption bandwidth, defined as the full width at half maximum, reaches 71 nm. Moreover, It can be noticed that by controlling the nanoparticle height above the GaAs substrate, the absorption peak can be increased to reach 0.77.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
ORCID: ORCID
M. D. Gaballa

Dimming control schemes combining IEEE 802.15.7 and SC-LPPM modulation schemes with an adaptive M-QAM OFDM for indoor LOS VLC systems

Nazmi A. Mohammed Kareem A. Badawi Ashraf A. M. Khalaf S. El-Rabaie
Opto-Electronics Review | 2020 | 28 | 4 | 203-212 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2020.135259
Keywords visible light communication sub-carrier pulse position modulation lightning topologies bit error rate
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Abstract

The presented work proposes a new dimming control schemes for indoor visible light communication which combines variable pulse-position modulation, colour shift keying as key schemes of IEEE 802.15.7 standard, and sub carrier-pulse-position modulation as a pulse-position modulation variant with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. These schemes are then compared with traditional merging schemes utilizing pulse-width modulation and multiple pulse-position modulation with m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation OFDM. The proposed schemes are investigated in a typical room with a different lighting layout (i.e., distinctive and uniform lighting layout), followed by an illumination investigation to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes, especially the enhanced achieved data rates, and to determine their limitations as reliable visible light communication systems that can satisfy both communication and illumination requirements.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nazmi A. Mohammed
Kareem A. Badawi
Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
S. El-Rabaie

PAPR reduction using a combination between precoding and non-linear companding techniques for ACO-OFDM-based VLC systems

Nazmi A. Mohammed Mohamed M. Elnabawy Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
Opto-Electronics Review | 2021 | 29 | 2 | 59-70 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2021.135829
Keywords visible light communication light emitting diode peak-to-average power ratio bit error rate
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Abstract

Peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques for visible light communication broadcasting systems are designed, simulated, and evaluated in this work. The proposed techniques are based on merging non-linear companding techniques with precoding techniques. This work aims to nominate an optimum novel scheme combining the low peak-to-average power ratio with the acceptable bit error rate performance. Asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with the low peak-to-average power ratio performance becomes more attractive to real-life visible light communication applications due to non-linearity elimination. The proposed schemes are compared and an optimum choice is nominated. Comparing the presented work and related literature reviews for peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques are held to ensure the proposed schemes validity and effectiveness.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nazmi A. Mohammed
1
Mohamed M. Elnabawy
2 3
Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Photonic Research Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 11961, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  2. Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt, P.O. Box 61111, Minia, Egypt
  3. Electronics and Communication Department, Modern Academy for Engineering and Technology, Maadi 11585, Cairo, Egypt

Indoor localization based on visible light communication and machine learning algorithms

Alzahraa M. Ghonim Wessam M. Salama Ashraf A. M. Khalaf Hossam M. H. Shalaby
Opto-Electronics Review | 2022 | 30 | 2 | e140858 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2022.140858
Keywords free-space optical communication visible light communication neural networks random forests machine learning
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Abstract

An indoor localization system is proposed based on visible light communications, received signal strength, and machine learning algorithms. To acquire an accurate localization system, first, a dataset is collected. The dataset is then used with various machine learning algorithms for training purpose. Several evaluation metrics are used to estimate the robustness of the proposed system. Specifically, authors’ evaluation parameters are based on training time, testing time, classification accuracy, area under curve, F1-score, precision, recall, logloss, and specificity. It turned out that the proposed system is featured with high accuracy. The authors are able to achieve 99.5% for area under curve, 99.4% for classification accuracy, precision, F1, and recall. The logloss and precision are 4% and 99.7%, respectively. Moreover, root mean square error is used as an additional performance evaluation averaged to 0.136 cm.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alzahraa M. Ghonim
1
Wessam M. Salama
2
Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hossam M. H. Shalaby
3 4
  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
  2. Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
  3. Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
  4. Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt

Hybrid PAPR reduction schemes for different OFDM-based VLC systems

Mohamed Y. El-Ganiny Ashraf A. M. Khalaf Aziza I. Hussein Hesham F. A. Hamed
Opto-Electronics Review | 2022 | 30 | 3 | e141951 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2022.141951
Keywords visible light communication peak-to-average power ratio bit error rate
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Abstract

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing has been widely used in many radio frequency wireless communication standards as a preferable multicarrier modulation scheme. The modulated signals of a conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system are complex and bipolar. In intensity-modulated direct detection optical wireless communications, transmitted signals should be real and unipolar due to non-coherent emissions of an optical light emitting diode. In this paper, different hybrid optical systems have been proposed to satisfy real and unipolar signals. Peak-to-average power ratio is one of the biggest challenges for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based visible light communications. They are based on a combination of non-linear companding techniques with spreading or precoding techniques. Simulation evaluation is performed under direct current-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, and Flip-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems in terms of peak-to-average power ratio, bit error rate, and spectral efficiency. The proposed schemes are investigated to determine a scheme with a low peak-to-average power ratio and an acceptable bit error rate. MATLABTM software has been successfully used to show the validity of the proposed schemes.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Y. El-Ganiny
1
Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aziza I. Hussein
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hesham F. A. Hamed
4
  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technological Institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Sharqia, Egypt
  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
  3. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Effat University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  4. Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt

Intelligent transportation: a hybrid FSO/VLC-assisted relay system

Suzan M. EL-Garhy Ashraf A. M. Khalaf Moustafa H. Aly Mohamed Abaza
Opto-Electronics Review | 2022 | 30 | 4 | e144260 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2022.144260
Keywords intelligent transportation systems nfrastructure-to-vehicle vehicle-to-vehicle relay
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Abstract

Various intelligent transportation systems are proposed in different forms of wireless communication technologies. Recently, the importance of visible light communication and free-space optics has been demonstrated in accomplishing vehicle-to-vehicle and infrastructure-to-vehicle communication systems, due to power efficiency, free licenses, and safety for human health. In this paper, a new hybrid relay system supported by free-space optics/visible light communication with two scenarios is proposed. The first one is that the data are transferred from the source to the relay through a free-space optics communication link and are then directed to the destination through a visible light communication link. The second scenario is that the data are transmitted from the source to the destination passing through two different relays to ensure larger coverage. A 10−6 bit error rate is achieved at a distance of 900 m for the first scenario with a remarkable signal-to-noise ratio of ~25.5 dB, while the largest distance that can be covered by the second scenario is 1200 m with a signal-to-noise ratio of ~30 dB.
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Authors and Affiliations

Suzan M. EL-Garhy
1 2
Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
2
ORCID: ORCID
Moustafa H. Aly
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed Abaza
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Higher Technological Institute, Tenth of Ramadan, Egypt
  2. Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Egypt
  3. Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt

A proposed preamble channel estimation scheme for flip FBMC-based indoor VLC systems

Mohamed Y. El-Ganiny Ashraf A. M. Khalaf Aziza I. Hussein Hesham F. A. Hamed
Opto-Electronics Review | 2022 | 30 | 1 | e140859 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2022.140859
Keywords channel estimation filter bank multicarrier IEEE 802.15.7 standard interference approximation method visible light communication
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Abstract

Filter bank multicarrier waveform is investigated as a potential waveform for visible light communication broadcasting systems. Imaginary inter-carrier and/or inter-symbol interference are causing substantial performance degradation in the filter bank multicarrier system. Direct current-biased optical filter bank multicarrier modulation overcomes all the problems of direct current-biased optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation approaches in terms of speed and bandwidth. However, it also wastes a lot of energy while transforming a true bipolar signal into a positive unipolar signal by adding direct current-bias. In this paper, a flip-filter bank multicarrier-based visible light communication system was introduced to overcome this problem. In this system, a bipolar signal is converted to a unipolar signal by isolating the positive and negative parts, turning them to positive and then delivering the signal. Also, a new channel estimation scheme for a flip-filter bank multicarrier system is proposed which improves the channel estimation performance compared to that of each of the conventional schemes. The proposed system performance is measured in terms of bit error rate, normalized mean squared error, and constellation diagram. The superiority of the proposed scheme over other conventional structures has been successfully verified by MATLAB 2020b simulation experiments results. These results are evaluated under indoor visible light communication standard.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Y. El-Ganiny
1
Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aziza I. Hussein
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hesham F. A. Hamed
4
  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technological Institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Sharqia, Egypt
  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
  3. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Effat University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  4. Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt

Cancelable template generation based on quantization concepts

Rana M. Nassar Ashraf A. M. Khalaf Ghada M. El-Banby Fathi E. Abd El-Samie Aziza I. Hussein Walid El-Shafai
Opto-Electronics Review | 2023 | 31 | 3 | e145940 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2023.145940
Keywords cancelable biometrics quantization concepts DCT JPEG access control authentication
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Authors and Affiliations

Rana M. Nassar
1
Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ghada M. El-Banby
2
Fathi E. Abd El-Samie
3 4
Aziza I. Hussein
5
ORCID: ORCID
Walid El-Shafai
3 6
  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
  2.   Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
  3. Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
  4. Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdurrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
  5. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Effat University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  6.  Security Engineering Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia

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