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Abstract

An evaluation of the effect of four host plants on biological parameters of Maconellicoccus hirsutus and efficacy of Anagyrus kamali was conducted in the laboratory. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Hibiscus sabdariffa produced M. hirsutus with life cycles which were 1–2 days shorter than those of M. hirsutus reared on Solanum tuberosum, and Cucurbita pepo L. Egg to adult M. hirsutus survival was lowest in C. pepo (8.8%) and highest for H. sabdariffa (21.8%). C. pepo, H. rosa-sinensis and H. sabdariffa produced a more female biased M. hirsutus sex ratio from single ovisacs, than S. tuberosum. Although adult M. hirsutus females exhibited variation in size and longevity on the host plants tested, total fecundity was not significantly different. Life cycle of both sexes and offspring sex ratio of A. kamali emerging from M. hirsutus cultured on the four host plants were statistically similar. M. hirsutus infested H. rosa-sinensis and H. sabdariffa produced A. kamali with significantly higher fecundity (post emergence adult counts) and lower longevity compared to the other host plants. Females with largest femur (Mean length = 0.2950 ± 0.0053 mm) were produced by M. hirsutus infested H. rosa-sinensis. A. kamali efficacy measured by percent parasitization and percent adult eclosion was statistically similar for all M. hirsutus infested host plants tested.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anand Persad
Ayub Khan
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Abstract

Time-Frequency (t-f) distributions are frequently employed for analysis of new-born EEG signals because of their non-stationary characteristics. Most of the existing time-frequency distributions fail to concentrate energy for a multicomponent signal having multiple directions of energy distribution in the t-f domain. In order to analyse such signals, we propose an Adaptive Directional Time-Frequency Distribution (ADTFD). The ADTFD outperforms other adaptive kernel and fixed kernel TFDs in terms of its ability to achieve high resolution for EEG seizure signals. It is also shown that the ADTFD can be used to define new time-frequency features that can lead to better classification of EEG signals, e.g. the use of the ADTFD leads to 97.5% total accuracy, which is by 2% more than the results achieved by the other methods.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nabeel A. Khan
Sadiq Ali
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Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze the opportunities and the challenges associated with the adoption of Information technology in the Indian SMEs. The significant usage of Information Technology in the SME sector and the factors that influence the business are discussed. SME industry in India has shown substantial growth over the past few years. The implementation of new technologies tends to offer better opportunities to the companies particularly for SME sector in India. However, there are a few challenges associated with technology adaptation that needs attention. This research is focused on improved business quality and responsiveness towards market opportunities while using the latest technologies available. This study is based on a review of research journals and articles including news magazines concerning current SME market situation in India. The current market scenario of Indian SMEs, as well as several policy interventions and new trends in the market were discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ibrahim Khan
Stefan Trzcieliński
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Abstract

One of the most energy-intensive activities for a vehicle is space air conditioning, for either cooling or heating. Considerable energy savings can be achieved if this can be decoupled from the use of fuel or electricity. This study analyzes the opportunities and effectiveness of deploying the concept of passive cooling through the atmospheric window (i.e. the 8– 14 nm wavelength range where the atmosphere is transparent for thermal radiation) for vehicle temperature control. Recent work at our institute has resulted in a skylight (roof window) design for passive cooling of building space. This should be applicable to vehicles as well, using the same materials and design concept. An overall cooling effect is obtained if outgoing (long wavelength greater than 4 nm) thermal radiation is stronger than the incoming (short wavelength less than 4 nm) thermal radiation. Of particular interest is to quantify the passive cooling of a vehicle parked under direct/indirect sunlight equipped with a small skylight, designed based on earlier designs for buildings. The work involved simulations using commercial computational fluid dynamics software implementing (where possible) wavelengthdependency of thermal radiation properties of materials involved. The findings show that by the use of passive cooling, a temperature difference of up to 7–8 K is obtained with an internal gas flow rate of 0.7 cm/s inside the skylight. A passive cooling effect of almost 27 W/m2 is attainable for summer season in Finland. Comparison of results from Ansys Fluent and COMSOL models shows differences up to about 10 W/m2 in the estimations.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Umara Khan
1
Ron Zevenhoven
1

  1. Abo Akademi University, Process and Systems Engineering Laboratory, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
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Abstract

Energy demand is increasing exponentially in the last decade. To meet such demand there is an urgent need to enhance the power generation capacity of the electrical power generation system worldwide. A combined- cycle gas turbines power plant is an alternative to replace the existing steam/gas electric power plants. The present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of different parameters to optimize the performance of the combined cycle power plant. The input physical parameters such as pressure ratio, air fuel ratio and a fraction of combustible product to heat recovery heat exchanger via gas turbine were varied to determine the work output, thermal efficiency, and exergy destruction. The result of the present study shows that for maximum work output, thermal efficiency as well as total exergy destruction, extraction of combustible gases from the passage of the combustion chamber and gas turbine for heat recovery steam generator is not favorable. Work output and thermal efficiency increase with an increase in pressure ratio and decrease in air fuel ratio but for minimum total exergy destruction, the pressure ratio should be minimum and air fuel ratio should be maximum.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohammad Nadeem Khan
1

  1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract

Elastic optical networking is a potential candidate to support dynamic traffic with heterogeneous data rates and variable bandwidth requirements with the support of the optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology (OOFDM). During the dynamic network operation, lightpath arrives and departs frequently and the network status updates accordingly. Fixed routing and alternate routing algorithms do not tune according to the current network status which are computed offline. Therefore, offline algorithms greedily use resources with an objective to compute shortest possible paths and results in high blocking probability during dynamic network operation. In this paper, adaptive routing algorithms are proposed for shortest path routing as well as alternate path routing which make routing decision based on the maximum idle frequency slots (FS) available on different paths. The proposed algorithms select an underutilized path between different choices with maximum idle FS and efficiently avoids utilizing a congested path. The proposed routing algorithms are compared with offline routing algorithms as well as an existing adaptive routing algorithm in different network scenarios. It has been shown that the proposed algorithms efficiently improve network performance in terms of FS utilization and blocking probability during dynamic network operation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Akhtar Nawaz Khan
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Abstract

Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) has been extensively used in aircraft turbine-engine components, aircraft structural components, aerospace fasteners, high performance automotive parts, marine applications, medical devices and sports equipment. However, wide-spread use of this alloy has limits because of difficulty to machine it. One of the major difficulties found during machining is development of poor quality of surface in the form of higher surface roughness. The present investigation has been concentrated on studying the effects of cutting parameters of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on surface roughness of the product during turning of titanium alloy. Box-Behnken experimental design was used to collect data for surface roughness. ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the cutting parameters. The model equation is also formulated to predict surface roughness. Optimal values of cutting parameters were determined through response surface methodology. A 100% desirability level in the turning process for economy was indicated by the optimized model. Also, the predicted values that were obtained through regression equation were found to be in close agreement to the experimental values.

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Authors and Affiliations

Niharika Niharika
B.P. Agrawal
Iqbal A. Khan
Zahid A. Khan
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Abstract

In order to identify the modal parameters of civil structures it is vital to distinguish the defective data from that of appropriate and accurate data. The defects in data may be due to various reasons like defects in the data collection, malfunctioning of sensors, etc. For this purpose Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) was engaged toenvisage the distribution of sensor’s data and to detect the malfunctioning with in the sensors. Then outlier analysis was performed to remove those data points which may disrupt the accurate data analysis. Then Data Driven Stochastic Sub-space Identification (DATA-SSI) was engaged to perform the modal parameter identification. In the end to validate the accuracy of the proposed method stabilization diagrams were plotted. Sutong Bridge, one of the largest span cable stayed bridge was used as a case study and the suggested technique was employed. The results obtained after employing the above mentioned techniques are very valuable, accurate and effective.

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Authors and Affiliations

I. Khan
D. Shan
Q. Li
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Abstract

Technological progress is the driving force behind industrial development. It is a multidimensional and multi-level phenomenon. In this article we focus on its three manifestations: information and communication technologies (ICT), Industry 4.0 and agile manufacturing. The aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between these constructs as they are undoubtedly interrelated. ICT plays a key role, but it is not a goal itself. They are a prerequisite for the implementation of Industry 4.0, but together with it they serve to achieve agility by the manufacturing system and, as a result, achieve a competitive advantage by companies operating in turbulent and unpredictable environment. The literature findings in this paper are part of a broader study conducted on the impact of ICT on agility of SMEs operating in India. Therefore, we include also subsections showing the level of this relationship in Indian SMEs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ibrahim Khan Mohammed
Stefan Trzcielinski
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Abstract

Propofol infusion in anesthesia administration requires continual adjustment in the manual infusion system to regulate the hypnosis level. Hypnotic level is based on Bispectral Index Monitor (BIS) showing the cortical activity of the brain scaled between 0 to 100. The new challenging aspect of automation in anaesthesia is to estimate the concentration of hypnotic drugs in different compartments of the body including primary, rapid peripheral (muscle), slow peripheral (bones, fat) and effect site (brain) compartment based on Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Pharmacodynamics (PD) model. This paper aimed to regulate the hypnosis level with estimating the Propofol concentrations using a linear observer in feedback control strategy based on Integral Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Controller (ISTSMC). The drug concentration in plasma of the silico patients accurately estimated in nominal transient. The results show that tracking errors between the actual output in form of BIS level and linearized output nearly approaches to zero in the maintenance phase of anesthesia to ensure the controller response on sliding phase with optimum performances by achieving desired hypnotic level 50 on BIS. The robustness of control strategy is further ensured by adding measurement noise of electromagnetic environment of operation theatre distracting signal quality index of the output BIS level.
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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Ilyas
1
Awais Khan
2
Muhammad Abbas Khan
3
Wei Xie
4
Raja Ali Riaz
5
Yousaf Khan
6

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology Khuzdar, Pakistan
  2. College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
  4. College of Automation Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People’s Republic of China
  5. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Comsats University Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
  6. Department of Electrical Engineering, Univeristy of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Abstract

The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences (Bull.Pol. Ac.: Tech.) is published bimonthly by the Division IV Engineering Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, since the beginning of the existence of the PAS in 1952. The journal is peer‐reviewed and is published both in printed and electronic form. It is established for the publication of original high quality papers from multidisciplinary Engineering sciences with the following topics preferred: Artificial and Computational Intelligence, Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Civil Engineering, Control, Informatics and Robotics, Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics, Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics, Material Science and Nanotechnology, Power Systems and Power Electronics.

Journal Metrics: JCR Impact Factor 2018: 1.361, 5 Year Impact Factor: 1.323, SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2017: 0.319, Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2017: 1.005, CiteScore 2017: 1.27, The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education 2017: 25 points.

Abbreviations/Acronym: Journal citation: Bull. Pol. Ac.: Tech., ISO: Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci.-Tech. Sci., JCR Abbrev: B POL ACAD SCI-TECH Acronym in the Editorial System: BPASTS.

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Authors and Affiliations

Awais Khan
Wei Xie
Langwen Zhang
Ihsanullah
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Abstract

In this paper, a robust and perceptually transparent single-level and multi-level blind audio watermarking scheme using wavelets is proposed. A randomly generated binary sequence is used as a watermark, and wavelet function coding is used to embed the watermark sequence in audio signals. Multi-level watermarking is used to enhance payload capacity and can be used for a different level of security. The robustness of the scheme is evaluated by applying different attacks such as filtering, sampling rate alteration, compression, noise addition, amplitude scaling, and cropping. The simulation results obtained show that the proposed watermarking scheme is resilient to various attacks except cropping. Perceptual transparency of watermark is measured by using Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality (PEAQ) basic model of ITU-R (PEAQ ITU-R BS.1387) on Speech Quality Assessing Material (SQAM) given by European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Average Objective Difference Grade (ODG) measured for this method is -0.067 and -0.080 for single-level and multi-level watermarked audio signals, respectively. In the proposed single-level digital audio watermarking scheme, the payload capacity is increased by 19.05% as compared to the single-level Chirp-Based Digital Audio Watermarking (CB-DAWM) scheme.
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Authors and Affiliations

Farooq Husain
Omar Farooq
Ekram Khan
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Abstract

Flank wear of multilayer coated carbide (TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN) insert in dry hard turning is studied. Machining under wet condition is also performed and flank wear is measured. A novel micro-channel is devised in the insert to deliver the cutting fluid directly at the tool-chip interface. Lower levels of cutting parameters yield the minimum flank wear which is significantly affected by cutting speed and feed rate. In comparison to dry and wet machining, insert with micro-channel reduces the flank wear by 48.87% and 3.04% respectively. The tool with micro-channel provides saving of about 87.5% in the consumption of volume of cutting fluid and energy.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Suha K. Shihab
Zahid A. Khan
Arshad Noor Siddiquee
Noor Zaman Khan

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Abstract

The world economy is constantly faced with crises that cause a significant negative impact. Each crisis poses new challenges to the economy and, on the one hand, inhibits economic growth, and on the other hand, can become a powerful stimulus for the development and rethinking of fundamental approaches to its construction. Conducting an analysis and establishing relationships between the economic situation and the state of the energy sector make it possible not only to predict the future but also to develop specific steps to prevent crises or reduce their negative impact. At the same time, establishing and evaluating the relationship between key economic and energy indicators, the main one of which is definitely the energy intensity of GDP, will provide an opportunity to understand how improving energy security will affect the economic situation in the country. The generalization of Ukraine’s experience in rebuilding and recovering the economy after the biggest crisis creates a basis for further research in the field of energy management, crisis management, economics, and the construction of investment policy. The reconstruction of Ukraine after the war has the potential to become the most significant stimulus for development and economic growth. During the crisis, it is very important to pay attention to the country’s energy security. In particular, it is necessary to ensure the diversification of energy resources, taking into account their rising cost. Energy markets are currently experiencing extreme volatility caused by geopolitical tensions, which requires additional attention in the development and implementation of strategic guidelines for sustainable economic recovery in Ukraine.
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Authors and Affiliations

Musa Khan
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Economics & Banking, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Abstract

The idea of adopting the space domain as the next frontier for optical communication has received increasing attention in the last few years. Optical devices are the integral parts of a mode division multiplexing (MDM) transmission. Therefore, conducting an intensive study on the devices is paramount to the successful realization of the overall system. This paper presents a review of the recent advances in the inline components of an MDM system, consisting of mode converters, spatial (de) multiplexers, optical amplifiers, and few-mode fibers (FMFs). Also presented are different mode conversion and multiplexing schemes. Recent techniques of minimizing differential mode gain (DMG) in the optical amplifiers are also reviewed. The review covers other types of amplification schemes and their current standing in the MDM system. These include optical semiconductor amplifiers (OSAs), and the Raman amplifiers (RAs). Finally, the review also highlights the role of FMF, multicore fiber and their relationship with fan-in/fan-out devices.

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Authors and Affiliations

R.I. Sabitu
N.G. Khan
A. Malekmohammadi

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