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Abstract

Effect of Cu addition on oxide growth of Al-7 mass%Mg alloy at high temperature was investigated. As-cast microstructures of Al-7 mass%Mg and Al-7 mass%Mg-1 mass%Cu alloys showed α-Al dendrites and area of secondary particles. The 1 mass%Cu addition into Al-7 mass%Mg alloy formed Mg32(Al, Cu)49 ternary phase with β-Al3Mg2. The total fraction of two Mg-containing phases in Cu-added alloy was higher than the β-Al3Mg2 fraction in Cu-free alloy. From measured weight gains depending on time at 500°C under an air atmosphere, it was shown that all samples exhibited significant weight gains depending on time. Al-7mass%Mg-1mass%Cu alloy showed the relatively increased oxidation rate when compared with Cu-free alloy. All the oxidized cross-sections throughout the entire oxidation time showed coarse and dark areas regarded as oxides grown from the surface to inside, but bigger oxidized areas were formed in the Al-7mass%Mg-1mass%Cu alloy containing higher fraction of Mg-based phases in the as-cast microstructure. As a result of compositional analysis on the oxide clusters, it was found that the oxide clusters contained Mg-based oxides formed through internal oxidation during a long time exposure to oxidizing environments.
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Bibliography

[1] J.R. Davis, ASM International, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, Materials Park 1993.
[2] H. Watanabe, K. Ohori, Y. Takeuchi, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. 27, 730 (1987).
[3] J.L. García-Hernández, C.G. Garay-Reyes, I.K. Gómez-Barraza, M.A. Ruiz-Esparza-Rodríguez, E.J. Gutiérrez-Castañeda, I. Estrada-Guel, M.C. Maldonado-Orozco, R. Martínez-Sánchez, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 8 (6), 5471 (2019).
[4] M . Mihara, C.D. Marioara, S.J. Andersen, R. Holmestad, E. Kobayashi, T. Sato, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 658, 91 (2016).
[5] S.H. Ha, B.H. Kim, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, T.W. Lee, S.H. Lim, S.K. Kim, Int. J. Metalcast. 13, 121 (2019).
[6] G. Wu, K. Dash, M.L. Galano, K.A.Q. O’Reilly, Corros. Sci. 155, 97 (2019).
[7] B.H. Kim, S.H. Ha, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, S.K. Kim, D.H. Kim, Mater. Lett. 228, 108 (2018).
[8] H. Okamoto, J. Phase Equilibria 19, 598 (1998).
[9] T.S. Parel, S.C. Wang, M. J. Starink, Mater. Des. 31, S2 (2010).
[10] C.W. Bale, E. Bélisle, P. Chartrand, S.A. Decterov, G. Eriksson, A.E. Gheribi, K. Hack, I.H. Jung, Y.B. Kang, J. Melançon, A.D. Pelton, S. Petersen, C. Robelin, J. Sangster, P. Spencer, M.A. Van Ende, Calphad 54, 35 (2016).
[11] S.H. Ha, B.H. Kim, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, T.W. Lee, S.H. Lim, S.K. Kim, Sci. Adv. Mater. 10, 697 (2018).
[12] D . Ajmera, E. Panda, Corros. Sci. 102, 425 (2016).
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Authors and Affiliations

Seong-Ho Ha
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdul Wahid Shah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bong-Hwan Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Young-Ok Yoon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hyun-Kyu Lim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shae K. Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Advanced Materials and Process R&D Department, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

Influence of Si addition on oxide layer growth of Al-6 mass%Mg alloys in molten state was investigated in this study. After melt holding for 24 h, the melt surface of only Si-free alloy became significantly bumpy, while no considerably oxidized surface was observed even with 1 mass%Si addition. There was no visible change on the appearance of melt surfaces with increasing Si content. As a result of compositional analysis on the melt samples between before and after melt holding, the Si-added alloys nearly maintained their Mg contents even after the melt holding for 24 h. On the other hand, the Mg content in the Si-free alloy showed a great reduction. The bumpy surface on Si-free alloy melt showed a large amount of pores and oxide clusters in its cross-section, while the Si-added alloy had no significantly grown oxide clusters on the surfaces. As a result of compositional analysis on the surfaces, the oxide clusters in Si-free alloy contained a great amount of Mg and oxygen. The oxide layer on the Si-added alloy was divided into Mg-rich and Mg-poor areas and contained certain amounts of Si. Such a mixed oxide layer containing Si would act as a protective layer during the melt holding for a long duration.
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Bibliography

[1] J.R. Davis, ASM International, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, Materials Park 1993.
[2] G . Wu, K. Dash, M.L. Galano, K.A.Q. O’Reilly, Corros. Sci. 155, 97 (2019).
[3] B.H. Kim, S.H. Ha, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, S.K. Kim, D.H. Kim, Mater. Lett. 228, 108 (2018).
[4] S.H. Ha, B.H. Kim, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, T.W. Lee, S.H. Lim, S.K. Kim, Sci. Adv. Mater. 10, 697 (2018).
[5] D . Ajmera, E. Panda, Corros. Sci. 102, 425 (2016).
[6] N. Smith, A. Kvithyld, G. Tranell, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 49, 2846 (2018).
[7] S.H. Ha, B.H. Kim, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, T.W. Lee, S.H. Lim, S.K. Kim, Int. J. Metalcast. 13, 121 (2019).
[8] J. Jeong, J. Im, K. Song, M. Kwon, S.K. Kim, Y.B. Kang, S.H. Oh, Acta Mater. 61, 3267 (2013).
[9] F . Zarei, H. Nuranian, K. Shirvani, Surf. Coat. Technol. 394, 125901 (2020).
[10] Y.L. Zhang, J. Li, Y.Y. Zhang, D.N. Kang, J. Alloys Compd. 827, 154131 (2020).
[11] W. Kai, P.C. Kao, P.C. Lin, I.F. Ren, J.S.C. Jang, Intermetallics 18, 1994 (2010).
[12] S.H. Ha, B.H. Kim, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, S.K. Kim, Sci. Adv. Mater. 10, 694 (2018).
[13] C.W. Bale, E. Bélisle, P. Chartrand, S.A. Decterov, G. Eriksson, A.E. Gheribi, K. Hack, I.H. Jung, Y.B. Kang, J. Melançon, A.D. Pelton, S. Petersen, C. Robelin, J. Sangster, P. Spencer, M.A. Van Ende, Calphad 54, 35 (2016).
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Authors and Affiliations

Young-Ok Yoon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Seong-Ho Ha
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdul Wahid Shah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bong-Hwan Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hyun-Kyu Lim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shae K. Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Advanced Materials and Process R&D Department, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

In this study, precipitation of Ca in Al-Mg alloys containing a trace of Ca during homogenization was investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and calculated phase diagrams. TEM result indicated that the Ca-based particles found in the examined sample are Ca7Mg7.5Si14. From the calculation of Scheil-Gulliver cooling, it was found that the Ca was formed as Al4Ca and C36 laves phases with Mg2Si and Al13Fe4 from other impurities phase during solidification. No Ca-Mg-Si ternary phase existed at the homogenization temperature in the calculated phase diagram. From the phase diagram of Al-Al4Ca-Mg2Si three-phase isothermal at 490℃, it was shown that Ca7Mg6Si14 phase co-exists with Al, Mg2Si and Al4Ca in the largest region and with only Al and Mg2Si in Al4Ca-poor regions. It was thought that the Ca7Mg6Si14 ternary phase was formed by the interaction between Mg2Si and Al4Ca considering that the segregation can occur throughout the entire microstructures.
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Bibliography

[1] J.R. Davis, ASM International, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, Materials Park 1993.
[2] G . Wu, K. Dash, M.L. Galano, K.A.Q. O’Reilly, Corros. Sci. 155, 97 (2019).
[3] B.H. Kim, S.H. Ha, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, S.K. Kim, D.H. Kim, Mater. Lett. 228, 108 (2018).
[4] S.H. Ha, B.H. Kim, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, T.W. Lee, S.H. Lim, S.K. Kim, Sci. Adv. Mater. 10, 697 (2018).
[5] D. Ajmera, E. Panda, Corros. Sci. 102, 425 (2016).
[6] S.H. Ha, J.K. Lee, S.K. Kim, Mater. Trans. 49, 1081 (2008).
[7] S.H. Ha, B.H. Kim, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, T.W. Lee, S.H. Lim, S.K. Kim, Int. J. Metalcast. 13, 121 (2019).
[8] J.W. Jeong, J.S. Im, K. Song, M.H. Kwon, S.K. Kim, Y.B. Kang, S.H. Oh, Acta Mater. 61, 3267 (2013).
[9] K. Ozturk, L.Q. Chen, Z.K. Liu, J. Alloys Compd. 340, 199 (2002).
[10] C.W. Bale, E. Bélisle, P. Chartrand, S.A. Decterov, G. Eriksson, A.E. Gheribi, K. Hack, I.H. Jung, Y.B. Kang, J. Melançon, A.D. Pelton, S. Petersen, C. Robelin, J. Sangster, P. Spencer, M.A. Van Ende, Calphad 54, 35 (2016).
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Authors and Affiliations

Seong-Ho Ha
1
ORCID: ORCID
Young-Chul Shin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bong-Hwan Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Young-Ok Yoon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hyun-Kyu Lim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sung-Hwan Lim
2
ORCID: ORCID
Shae K. Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
  2. Kangwon National University, Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

Dissolution of Si in Al-5 mass%Mg alloy melt by the reduction of SiO2 and its effect on microstructure formation of the alloy after solidification were investigated. Al-5 mass%Mg alloy without silica powder had approximately 0.05 mass%Si as an impurity. No significant difference in Si content was observed after the reaction with silica for 10 min, while the Si content increased up to about 0.12 mass% after 30 min. From the microstructure analysis and calculation of Scheil-Gulliver cooling, it was considered that as-cast microstructures of Al-5 mass%Mg-1 mass% SiO2 alloys had the distribution of eutectic phase particles, which are comprised of β-Al3Mg2 and Mg2Si phases. Based on the phase diagrams, only limited amount of Mg can be selectively removed by silica depending on the ratio of Si and Mg. Addition of silica of more than approximately 1.5 mass% in Al-5 mass%Mg alloy led to the formation of spinel and removal of both Mg and Al from the melt.
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Bibliography

[1] J.R. Davis, ASM International, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, Materials Park 1993.
[2] T. Hashiguchi, H. Sueyosh, Mater. Trans. 51, 838 (2010).
[3] B.H. Kim, S.H. Ha, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, S.K. Kim, D.H. Kim, Mater. Lett. 228, 108 (2018).
[4] S.H. Ha, B.H. Kim, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, S.K. Kim, Sci. Adv. Mater. 10, 694 (2018).
[5] R. Muñoz-Arroyo, H.M. Hdz-García, J.C. Escobedo-Bocardo, E.E. Granda-Gutierrez, J.L. Acevedo-Dávila, J.A. Aguilar-Martínez, A. Garza-Gomez, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2014, 1 (2014).
[6] S.H. Ha, B.H. Kim, Y.O. Yoon, H.K. Lim, S.K. Kim, Sci. Adv. Mater. 10, 694 (2018).
[7] C.W. Bale, E. Bélisle, P. Chartrand, S.A. Decterov, G. Eriksson, A.E. Gheribi, K. Hack, I.H. Jung, Y.B. Kang, J. Melançon, A.D. Pelton, S. Petersen, C. Robelin, J. Sangster, P. Spencer, M.A. Van Ende, Calphad 54, 35 (2016).
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Authors and Affiliations

Sun-Ki Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Seong-Ho Ha
2
ORCID: ORCID
Bong-Hwan Kim
2
ORCID: ORCID
Young-Ok Yoon
2
ORCID: ORCID
Hyun-Kyu Lim
2
ORCID: ORCID
Shae K. Kim
2
ORCID: ORCID
Young-Jig Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Sungkyunkwan University, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
  2. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Advanced Materials and Process R&D Department, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea

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