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Microstructure and Hardness of Cu-22Sn-xC Alloys Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

Gwanghun Kim Jungbin Park Seok-Jae Lee Hee-Soo Kim

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 71-75 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141474

Keywords Cu-Sn alloy Nanocrystalline Carbon solubility Mechanical alloying

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Abstract

Cu-Sn alloys have been known as bronze since ancient times and widely used as electrode materials, ornaments, tableware and musical instruments. Cu-22Sn alloy fabrication by hot forging process is a Korean traditional forged high-tin bronze. The tin content is 22 percent, which is more than twice that of bronze ware traditionally used in China and the West. Copper and tin have a carbon solubility of several ppm at room temperature, making Cu-Sn-C alloys difficult to manufacture by conventional casting methods. Research on the production of carbon-added copper alloys has used a manufacturing method that is different from the conventional casting method. In this study, Cu-22Sn-xC alloy was fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The carbon solubility was confirmed in Cu-Sn alloy through mechanical alloying. The lattice parameter increased from A0 to C2, and then decreased from C4. The microstructural characteristics of sintered alloys were determined using X-ray diffraction and microscopic analysis. As a result of comparing the hardness of Cu-22Sn alloys manufactured by conventional rolling, casting, and forging and Cu-22Sn-xC alloy by sintered powder metallugy, B0 sintered alloy was the highest at about 110.9 HRB.

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Authors and Affiliations

Gwanghun Kim

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jungbin Park

e-mail:

ORCID:

Seok-Jae Lee

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hee-Soo Kim

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jeonbuk National University, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
Chosun University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea

Austenitic Stability and Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation Behavior of Nanocrystalline FeNiCrMoC HSLA Steels

Jungbin Park Junhyub Jeon Namhyuk Seo Gwanghun Kim Seung Bae Son Jae-Gil Jung Seok-Jae Lee

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 77-80 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141475

Keywords nanocrystalline austenite stability strain-induced martensite transformation-induced-plasticity

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Abstract

The austenitic stability and strain-induced martensitic transformation behavior of a nanocrystalline FeNiCrMoC alloy were investigated. The alloy was fabricated by high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering. The phase fraction and grain size were measured using X-ray diffraction. The grain sizes of the milled powder and the sintered alloy were confirmed to be on the order of several nanometers. The variation in the austenite fraction according to compressive deformation was measured, and the austenite stability and strain-induced martensitic transformation behavior were calculated. The hardness was measured to evaluate the mechanical properties according to compression deformation, which confirmed that the hardness increased to 64.03 HRC when compressed up to 30%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jungbin Park

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ORCID:

Junhyub Jeon

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ORCID:

Namhyuk Seo

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ORCID:

Gwanghun Kim

e-mail:

ORCID:

Seung Bae Son

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jae-Gil Jung

e-mail:

ORCID:

Seok-Jae Lee

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jeonbuk National University, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea

Effect of Sintering Holding Time and Cooling Rate on the Austenite Stability and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline FeCrC Alloy

Gwanghun Kim Junhyub Jeon Namhyuk Seo Seunggyu Choi Min-Suk Oh Seung Bae Son Seok-Jae Lee

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 759-763 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136376

Keywords Fe-Cr-C alloy Sintering holding time Cooling rate austenite stability Nanocrystalline

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Abstract

The effects of the sintering holding time and cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Fe-Cr-C alloy were investigated. Nanocrystalline Fe-1.5Cr-1C (wt.%) alloy was fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Different process conditions were applied to fabricate the sintered samples. The phase fraction and grain size were measured using X-ray powder diffraction and confirmed by electron backscatter diffraction. The stability and volume fraction of the austenite phase, which could affect the mechanical properties of the Fe-based alloy, were calculated using an empirical equation. The sample names consist of a number and a letter, which correspond to the holding time and cooling method, respectively. For the 0A, 0W, 10A, and 10W samples, the volume fraction was measured at 5.56, 44.95, 6.15, and 61.44 vol.%. To evaluate the mechanical properties, the hardness of 0A, 0W, 10A, and 10W samples were measured as 44.6, 63.1, 42.5, and 53.8 HRC. These results show that there is a difference in carbon diffusion and solubility depending on the sintering holding time and cooling rate.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Gwanghun Kim

e-mail:

ORCID:

Junhyub Jeon

e-mail:

ORCID:

Namhyuk Seo

e-mail:

ORCID:

Seunggyu Choi

Min-Suk Oh

e-mail:

ORCID:

Seung Bae Son

e-mail:

ORCID:

Seok-Jae Lee

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jeonbuk National University, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea

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Microstructure and Hardness of Cu-22Sn-xC Alloys Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

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Authors and Affiliations

Austenitic Stability and Strain-Induced Martensitic Transformation Behavior of Nanocrystalline FeNiCrMoC HSLA Steels

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Effect of Sintering Holding Time and Cooling Rate on the Austenite Stability and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline FeCrC Alloy

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations