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Abstract

Szkoła Lwowsko-Warszawska została założona w 1895 roku przez Kazimierza Twardowskiego we Lwowie. Dla Twardowskiego i jego uczniów racjonalizm, jasność i precyzja języka oraz stosowanie logiki w filozofii były metodologicznymi fundamentami Szkoły. W pierwszej części tekstu autor rozważa charakter i wartość metafilozoficzngo programu przyjmowanego w Szkole Lwowsko-Warszawskiej. W drugiej partii przedstawia się filozofię Henryka Elzenberga (1887–1967), jednego z najoryginalniejszych filozofów polskich XX wieku. W sferze jego zainteresowań znajdowały się: aksjologia ogólna, etyka, estetyka i historia filozofii. Część końcowa ma charakter porównawczy, gdzie omawiam stosunki między metafilozofią Szkoły Lwowsko-Warszawskiej a ideami metafilozoficznymi Elzenberga.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Kleszcz
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The issue of rationality and the term itself appear in the works of John Rawls, for instance in his famous volume A Theory of Justice. At the same time, in another of his books, Political Liberalism, we can find not only the correlated terms ‘rational’, but also the term ‘reasonable’. In that volume Rawls enlightens their meaning. In this article, the author analyses the terms mentioned more closely and reflects on their use in various contexts. The explanatory hypothesis adopted by the author is that the use of these two terms, not just one of them, may enrich our conceptual network and increase the possibilities of analysing the sphere of human action. The aim of the analyses is to confirm this hypothesis and to extract the specific sense of the term ‘reasonable’, and of its use, especially in Rawls’s Political Liberalism.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Kleszcz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź
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Abstract

The linguistic philosophy (Oxford School) is a trend in analytical philosophy, critical about the claims of formal logic. Its followers want to investigate problems using an analysis of ordinary language. Peter F. Strawson is one of the most prominent representatives of this line of thoughts. He is also a philosopher who has done a lot toward a rehabilitation of metaphysics in British philosophy. In my paper I present an analysis of Strawson’s metaphilosophical ideas and I offer a critical discussion of Karl R. Popper’s attitude to linguistic philosophy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Kleszcz
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Roman Ingarden was an eminent philosopher who worked in various fields of philosophy, especially in the areas of ontology, aesthetics and ethics. In addition to his systematic analyses, we find in his work remarkable statements regarding the nature of philosophy, its relation to science, or the specificity of its methods. These metaphilosophical remarks were formulated in systematic works as well as in texts of more disputable nature. In this paper Ingarden’s metaphilosophy is presented in the context of thought of Franz Brentano and Tadeusz Kotarbiński. It is also discussed against the background of metaphilosophical assumptions of the logical positivists from the Vienna Circle.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Kleszcz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź
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Abstract

Positivism is a family of philosophical views characterized by a highly favorable account of science. The characteristic theses of positivism are that science is the only valid knowledge and that philosophy does not possess a method different from science (scientism). Positivists attempted to eliminate all metaphysical components in the area of philosophy. Wolniewicz was one of the most original Polish analytical philosophers of second part of 20th century and he was a strong opponent of anti-metaphysical tendencies. The author discusses the problem of the relationship between science and philosophy and presents Wolniewicz’s arguments against positivism and scientism.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Kleszcz
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Gaston Milhaud (1858–1918) was a French modern philosopher, who, having started from mathematics, came to philosophy (especially epistemology) and history of science. His works on the history of science were devoted to Greek science and modern science. Milhaud in his papers claimed that important concepts and principles of science (in different disciplines) result from decisions that simultaneously transcend both experience and logic. He emphasized the role of free creation and activity of the mind. The author discusses central problems of Milhaud’s thought, especially the problem of the relationship between science and philosophy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Kleszcz
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

StreszczenieKazimierz Ajdukiewicz był jedną z czołowych postaci Szkofy Lwowsko-War-szawskiej i jednym z najbardziej szanowanych filozofów polskich XX wieku. Jego zainteresowania obejmowafy szeroką gamę tematów, choć logiczna ana-liza języka i relacja języka oraz poznania dominowafy w jego aktywności naukowej. W polu jego filozoficznych dociekah znajdowafy się także metodologia i teoria nauki. W artykule poddaję pod dyskusję metodologiczne proble-my nauk humanistycznych, obecne w dociekaniach badawczych Ajdukiewicza. Pracował on nad problemami metodologicznymi humanistyki glównie w dwu tekstach:
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Kleszcz
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

In the article I indicate and synthetically discuss issues that can be found in the achievements of Bertrand Russell, and which can be included in the domain of metaphilosophy. I point to Russell’s philosophical inspirations and to his views on philosophy. His views are intertwined with the threads of the traditional understanding of philosophy and innovative elements. These innovative elements include assigning a special role to mathematical logic, of which Russell is one of the founders, and emphasizing the role of analysis in philosophical research. It is also characteristic of him to emphasize the role of science for philosophical reflection. At the same time, however, Russell rejects the radical slogans of logical positivism. This justifies the thesis that in his oeuvre there are threads of both traditional and innovative understanding of philosophy and its tasks.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Kleszcz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź

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