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Abstract

An algorithm of determination of mechanical stresses and deformations of the magnetic circuit shape, caused by forces of magnetic origin, is presented in this paper. The mechanical stresses cause changes of magnetizing characteristics of the magnetic circuit. The mutual coupling of magnetic and mechanical fields was taken into account in the algorithm worked out. A computational experiment showed that it was possible to include the interaction of both fields into one numerical model. The elaborated algorithm, taking into account the impact of mechanical stresses on magnetic parameters of construction materials, can be used in both the 2D and the 3D type field-model.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Idziak
Krzysztof Kowalski
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Abstract

Helical coil heat exchangers are widely used in a variety of industry applications such as refrigeration systems, process plants and heat recovery. In this study, the effect of Reynolds number and the operating temperature on heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop for laminar flow conditions was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a shell and tube heat exchanger with a copper coiled pipe (4 mm ID, length of 1.7 m and coil pitch of 7.5 mm) in the temperature range from 243 to 273 K. Air – propan-2-ol vapor mixture and coolant (methylsilicone oil) flowed inside and around the coil, respectively. The fluid flow in the shell-side was kept constant, while in the coil it was varied from 6.6 to 26.6 m/s (the Reynolds number below the critical value of 7600). Results showed that the helical pipe provided higher heat transfer performance than a straight pipe with the same dimensions. The convective coefficients were determined using theWilson method. The values for the coiled pipe were in the range of 3–40 W/m2 ·K. They increased with increasing the gas flow rate and decreasing the coolant temperature.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Kowalski
Dorota Downarowicz
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Abstract

The cyclic Electrothermal Temperature Swing Adsorption (ETSA) process in a fixed-bed column with Supersorbon K40 activated carbon (AC) was applied to remove propan-2-ol (IPA) from air. The bed was electrothermally regenerated using direct resistive heating method. The tests were performed in the range of operating parameters: IPA loading 0.18-0.26 kg/kg, voltage 19.5 V, set-point temperature 393–403 K, nitrogen flow rate 0.12 m3/h.

The analysis revealed, that raising the bed temperature resulted in an increase of desorption degree of adsorbate, reduction of regeneration time and an increase in the energy consumption. The application of insulation enabled reduction of energy consumption and regeneration time by 27% and 10%, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Kowalski
Elżbieta Gabruś
Dorota Downarowicz
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Abstract

We developed a three-stage, amplifying, tunable diode laser system that comprises a master laser in a Littrow configuration, frequency-stabilized by dichroic atomic vapour laser lock, acousto-optic frequency shifter, injection-locked slave laser, and tapered amplifier. The slave amplifies the injected frequency-shifted master beam while suppressing (within 0.5  %) the strong dependence of its intensity on the acousto-optic frequency shifter carrier frequency, thus acting as a strongly saturated optical limiting amplifier with constant output power. The resulting beam is then amplified in a tapered amplifier. The system provides an output power above 700 mW at a wavelength of 780 nm, with a time-averaged linewidth of 0.6 MHz, and a frequency drift below 2 MHz/h. Dichroic atomic vapour laser lock enables frequency stabilization in the range of 400 MHz around D2 lines of rubidium. The mode-hop-free tuning range amounts to 2 GHz. Determined by the acousto-optic frequency shifter model used, the fine-tuning range (precision of few tens kHz) spans 70 MHz. A description of the system was presented and its performance was tested. The basic components have been designed in our laboratory.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Szonert
1
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Głódź
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Kowalski
1

  1. Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland

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