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Interferon-γ-mediated gene expression in porcine alveolar macrophage; An in vitro model

Q. Liu H.-Y. Wang
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 135-143 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136802
Keywords pig alveolar macrophage IFN-γ transcriptomic analysis
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Abstract

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are not only important immune cell of the host, but also important target cell of a variety of respiratory pathogens. They play an important role in defense against pathogen invasion and in maintaining tissue balance. Interferon (IFN)-γ is a well known multipotent cytokine that has antiviral and antibacterial immune activity and enhances antigen presentation. To better reveal the biological processes of porcine AMs activated by IFN-γ, transcriptomic analysis was performed using Illumina HiSeqTM technique. The results identified 2,248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 753 were upregulated and 1,495 were downregulated, in porcine AMs 12 h after IFN-γ stimulation, compared with mock-treated porcine AMs. A gene ontology function enrichment analysis of these DEGs indicated that these genes were significantly enriched in functional clusters such as immune response, defense response, and intracellular signaling cascades. Analyzing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of the DEGs showed that these genes are mainly involved in cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, alpha linolenic acid metabolism, and the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. This study shows that a massive gene expression change occurred in porcine AMs following IFN-γ stimulation, which is critical for understanding the mechanisms of IFN-γ-mediated macrophage activation and immune regulation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Q. Liu
1
H.-Y. Wang
1
  1. Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control, and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131, China

Expression of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) in various types of cells in thymic tissues

Q. Liu Y.-Y. Yu H.-Y. Wang
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 2 | 287-294 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.141813
Keywords pig thymus highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndromevirus immunofluorescence double labeling method target cells
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Abstract

Thymus, an important central immune organ in pigs, is the site of T lymphocyte development and maturation and an important target organ for infection and replication of various pathogens. Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) infection results in severe thymic atrophy in piglets. This study aimed to explore the effects of HP-PRRSV on the thymic structure of piglets to elucidate the pathogenesis of thymic atrophy induced by HP-PRRSV. In this study, histopathological techniques and immunofluorescence double staining techniques were used to analyze thymic tissues infected by HP-PRRSV to explore the structural changes of thymus caused by the viral infection and its target cell types. An antibody of cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 (CD3), CD20, CD80, or calgranulin + calprotectin was applied to identify T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages, respectively. The results indicated that a variety of cell components in the thymic tissue were diffusely damaged after viral infection. In the infected thymic tissue, CD80- or calgranulin + calprotectin- -labeled cells supported the HP-PRRSV infection, whereas CD3-labeled T cells and CD20- -labeled B cells did not support the viral infection. The results showed that HP-PRRSV caused the reduction of visible cell components in the thymic tissue, and the virus attacked CD80- and calgranulin + calprotectin-positive cells (such as DCs and macrophages) in the thymic tissue, which played an important role in the pathogenesis of thymus atrophy. These results lay the foundation for elucidating the immunosuppression of piglets after infection with HP-PRRSV.
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Authors and Affiliations

Q. Liu
1
Y.-Y. Yu
1
H.-Y. Wang
1
  1. Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131, China

Comparative analysis of CpG islands in two genotypes of African swine fever virus

Y.-Y. Yu M.-S. X Q. Liu
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 455-462 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142030
Keywords African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) genotype DNA methylation CpG island
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Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and devastating viral infectious disease that causes important economic losses to the swine industry. Currently, there are no effective vaccines or drugs available. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially cytosine methylation of cytosine- -phosphate-guanine (CpG) islands, have a significant impact on the life cycle of several viruses. Hence, drugs targeting DNA methylation may potentially be used for the treatment of ASF. Here, we selected the inner core, core shell, inner membrane, capsid, and external envelope membrane, to analyze the characteristics of CpG islands in the ASF virus (ASFV) genomes. Furthermore, we analyzed the promoters and CpG islands in the upstream regions of these genes. Results showed that the CpG islands of seven genes were conserved in the genomes of two genotype of ASFV strains, whereas the CpG islands of other genes were relatively conserved (ASFV strains differed mainly in the quantity of CpG islands). The different distribution of CpG islands in the genomes of different ASFV strains may affect their methylation status, which may in turn affect the regulation of viral gene expression, leading to different clinical outcomes. In addition, the predicted promoter regions based on the upstream sequences of most genes overlapped with CpG island positions. Methylation of the binding sites of the promoter regions inhibits the binding of the transcription factors to the promoters, thus inhibiting the activation of the promoters and limiting the synthesis of viral proteins. The results of this study provide a basis for exploring new antiviral therapeutic strategies from an epigenetic perspective.
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Authors and Affiliations

Y.-Y. Yu
1
M.-S. X
2
Q. Liu
1
  1. Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131, China
  2. Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Wanzhou 404155, China

Zastosowanie systemu dynamicznego monitorowania wieloczynnikowej informacji podczas badania modelu procesu budowy tunelu

Q. Liu J. Chen L. Wei P. Huang Y. Luo X. Pu
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2016 | Multivariate information dynamic monitoring system application of tunnel construction process model test | No 3 | 117-136
Keywords tunnel engineering model test multivariate information dynamic monitoring
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Abstract

Geomechnical model testing has been widely applied as a kind of research technique in underground engineering problems. However, during the practical application process, due to the influence of many factors, the desired results cannot be obtained. In order to solve this problem, based on the measurement requirements of the model test, combined with FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating) sensor technology and traditional measurement methods, an FBG monitoring system, Micro-multi-point displacement test system, resistance strain test system and surrounding rock pressure monitoring system are developed. Applying the systems to a model test of the tunnel construction process, the displacement in advance laws of tunnel face, radial displacement distribution laws and surrounding rock pressure laws are obtained. Test results show that a multivariate information monitoring system has the advantage of high precision, stability and strong anti-jamming capability. It lays a solid foundation for the real-time data monitoring of the tunnel construction process model test.

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Authors and Affiliations

Q. Liu
J. Chen
L. Wei
P. Huang
Y. Luo
X. Pu

Review and future perspectives on the integration characteristics for equine lentivirus in the host genome

Y.-Y. Yu M.-S. Xu H. Liang H.-Y. Wang C.-Q. Yu Q. Liu
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2023 | vol. 26 | No 1 | 163-172 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.145019
Keywords lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus integration long interspersed elements
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Abstract

Despite over 40 years of research on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine, we still lack a considerable progress. Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus in the Retroviridae family, akin to HIV-1 in genome structure and antigenicity. EIA is an important infectious disease in equids, characterized by anemia, persistent infection, and repeated fevers. The EIAV attenuated vaccine in China is the only lentiviral vaccine used on a large scale. Elucidating the mechanism of waning and induction of protective immunity from this attenuated vaccine strain will provide a critical theoretical basis and reference point for vaccine research, particularly in the development of lentivirus vaccines, with far-reaching scientific value and social significance. In this paper, we summarize the information related to EIAV integration site selection, particularly for the Chinese EIAV attenuated vaccine strains on the equine genome. This may improve our mechanistic understanding of EIAV virulence reduction at the host genome level. The obtained data may help elucidate the biological characteristics of EIAV, particularly the Chinese attenuated EIAV vaccine strain, and provide valuable information regarding retroviral infections, particularly lentiviral infection and associated therapeutic vectors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Y.-Y. Yu
1
M.-S. Xu
2
H. Liang
1
H.-Y. Wang
1
C.-Q. Yu
3
Q. Liu
1
  1. Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131, China
  2. Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Wanzhou 404155, China
  3. School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational Technical College, Yibin 644003, China

Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against duck Tembusu virus envelope protein

T. Xu Y. Liu K. Han D. Zhao J. Yang Y. Li Q. Liu X. Huang K. Bi
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2016 | No 4 | DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0109
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Authors and Affiliations

T. Xu
Y. Liu
K. Han
D. Zhao
J. Yang
Y. Li
Q. Liu
X. Huang
K. Bi

Identification of a linear epitope in the capsid protein of goose astrovirus with monoclonal antibody

G. Dai X. Huang Q. Liu Y. Li L. Zhang K. Han J. Yang Y. Liu F. Xue D. Zhao
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 4 | 579-587 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.143541
Keywords goose astrovirus capsid protein monoclonal antibody epitope
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Abstract

Goose astrovirus (GoAstV) is a novel avastrovirus that typically causes gosling gout and results in 2 to 20% mortality. GoAstV capsid protein is the sole structural protein, which is responsible for viral attachment, assembly, maturation as well as eliciting host antibodies. However, the epitopes within capsid protein have not been well studied. In this study, a monoclonal antibody, named 1D7, was generated against GoAstV capsid protein by hybridoma technology. Western blot results showed that this MAb could react with recombinant capsid protein expressed in E. coli. Also, it recognized the precursor of capsid protein, VP90 and VP70, in GoAstV-infected cells. Besides, excellent specificity of MAb 1D7 was further demonstrated in indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunohistochemical analysis. Epitope mapping results revealed that MAb 1D7 recognized the epitope 33QKVY 36 within Cap protein. Sequence alignment indicated that 33QKVY 36 is a conserved epitope among the isolates of goose astrovirus type 2 (GoAstV-2), suggesting the potential for its use in GoAstV-2 specific diagnostic assay. These findings may provide some insight into a function of the GoAstV capsid protein and further contribute to the development of diagnostic methods for GoAstV infection.
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Authors and Affiliations

G. Dai
1 2 3
X. Huang
1 3
Q. Liu
1 3
Y. Li
1 3
L. Zhang
1 3
K. Han
1 3
J. Yang
1 3
Y. Liu
1 3
F. Xue
2
D. Zhao
1 2 4 3
  1. Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, PR China
  2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Tongwei Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
  3. Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, PR China
  4. Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China

Effect of experimental infections of various Tembusu virus strains isolated from geese, ducks and chickens on ducklings

Y. Li Q. Liu T. Xu X. Huang X. Liu K. Han Y. Liu J. Yang D. Zhao K. Bi W. Sun
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2018 | vol. 21 | No 2 | 389–396 | DOI: 10.24425/122613
Keywords goose-derived duck-derived chicken-derived Tembusu virus pathogenicity
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Abstract

In order to compare the pathogenicity of different Tembusu virus (TMUV) strains from geese, ducks and chickens, 56 5-day-old Cherry Valley ducklings which were divided into 7 groups and infected intramuscularly with 7´105 PFU/ml per duck of six challenge virus stocks. The clinical signs, weight gain, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, virus loads in sera of 1, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 dpi and serum antibody titers were examined. The results showed that these viruses could make the young ducks sick, but the clinical signs differed with the different species-original strains. All the experimental groups lose markedly in weight gain compared to the control, but there were no obvious distinctions in weight gains, as well as macroscopic and microscopic lesions of dead ducks between the infected groups. However, the groups of waterfowl-derived strains (from geese and ducks) showed more serious clinical signs and higher relative expressions of virus loads in sera than those from chicken-derived. The mortality of waterfowl groups was 37.5%, and the greatest mortality of chicken groups was 12.5%. The serum antibodies of the geese-species group JS804 appeared earlier and were higher in the titers than others. Taken toghter, the pathogenicity of waterfowl-derived TMUV was more serious than chicken-derived TMUV and JS804 could be chosen as one TMUV vaccine strain to protect from the infection.
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Authors and Affiliations

Y. Li
Q. Liu
T. Xu
X. Huang
X. Liu
K. Han
Y. Liu
J. Yang
D. Zhao
K. Bi
W. Sun

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