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Number of results: 38
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Abstract

Krajowa energetyka od lat oparta jest na węglu kamiennym i brunatnym. Kilkudziesięcioprocentowy udział elektrowni opalanych węglem kamiennym i brunatnym w strukturze wytwórczej wymusza konieczność zakupu tych paliw do produkcji energii elektrycznej w otoczeniu zmiennych cen surowców, kształtowanych na międzynarodowym rynku. Ceny węgla kamiennego są wypadkową wielu zmiennych i zależą nie tylko od światowej sytuacji geopolitycznej czy ekonomicznej, ale mogą być również skutkiem klęsk żywiołowych. Ceny na rynkach międzynarodowych są ze sobą ściśle powiązane. Szczególnie wysokość cen kształtowanych przez największych producentów i eksporterów (między innymi przez Indonezję, Australię czy Chiny) mają wpływ na ceny surowca na rynku europejskim. Są one także punktem odniesienia dla cen węgla brunatnego na lokalnych rynkach. W niniejszym artykule przeanalizowano wpływ zmienności cen węgla kamiennego na rynkach światowych na zmienność krajowych cen paliw (kosztów zakupu) wykorzystywanych do produkcji energii elektrycznej, cen sprzedaży energii przez jednostki wytwórcze oraz cen energii elektrycznej dla odbiorców końcowych. Sprawdzono także czy zmienność cen węgla kamiennego ma wpływ na zmienność cen energii dla przedsiębiorstw przyłączonych do sieci na parametrach wysokiego napięcia i dla gospodarstw domowych. Dodatkowo zbadano także korelację pomiędzy analizowanymi parami zmiennych. Niniejszą analizę wpływu wybranych zmiennych przeprowadzono przy użyciu podstawowych miar statystycznych. W drugiej części badań przeprowadzona zostanie poszerzona analiza wzajemnego wpływu (przyczynowości) zmiany analizowanych parametrów z wykorzystaniem zaawansowanych narzędzi statystycznych.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Malec
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of research aimed at developing assumptions for the preparation of a charge in the form of fine scrap copper alloys (chips/shells) guaranteeing effective removal of impurities and obtaining a metal bath of the required metallurgical quality. The tests were conducted for tin-zinc-lead bronze of the CC499K grade. As part of the work, the characteristics of this type of waste available on the market were made in terms of quality and the possibility of their use for the production of both alloys and finished products, taking into account the elimination of harmful impurities that may ultimately affect the production process adversely.
The subject of the work was the selection of appropriate waste cleaning methods in the form of an oily shell in the CC499K (CuZn5Sn5Pb2) grade and its drying in terms of increasing the use of impure waste from machining as scrap for direct melting. The waste was assessed in relation to individual parametres. The research was carried out on 3 groups of waste, with varying degrees of moisture.
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Authors and Affiliations

W. Malec
1
ORCID: ORCID
B. Cwolek
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Brudny
1
ORCID: ORCID
J. Kulasa
1
ORCID: ORCID
W. Marek
2
K. Stolorz
2
D. Wróbel
2
A. Filipowicz
2

  1. Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Poland
  2. COGNOR S.A. Oddział OM Szopienice w Katowicach, Poland
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Abstract

Reasoning with limited computational resources (such as time or memory) is an important problem, in particular in knowledge-intensive embedded systems. Classical logic is usually considered inappropriate for this purpose as no guarantees regarding deadlines can be made. One of the more interesting approaches to address this problem is built around the concept of

active logics. Although a step in the right direction, active logics are just a preliminary attempt towards finding an acceptable solution. Our work is based on the assumption that labelled deductive systems (LDSs) offer appropriate metamathematical methodology to study the problem. As a first step, we have reformulated a pair of active logics systems, namely the memory model and its formalized simplification, the step logic, as LDSs. This paper presents our motivation behind this project, followed by an overview of the investigations on meta-reasoning relevant to this work, and introduces in some reasonable detail the MM system.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Asker
J. Malec
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Abstract

The article presents tests on a new lead-free bronze CuSn4Zn2PS, intended for fittings for contact with drinking water, in which the addition of lead was replaced with sulphur. The subject of the experimental work was the production of semi-finished products from this alloy based on the charge coming entirely from waste generated after machining. A specialized pilot line was used for the tests, and after cleaning, the waste was melted and then were continuously cast in the form of rods and hollow rods. The cleaning efficiency was assessed, and the manufactured semi-finished products were subjected to tests, including the assessment of the chemical and mechanical homogeneity and the structure of the test batch of the semi-finished casting products in terms of the possibility of manufacturing products meeting the requirements of technical specifications. The obtained results, both in terms of a stable chemical composition, homogeneous and reproducible mechanical properties, fully compliant with the specifications for fittings bronzes (CC499K), as well as the lack of faults of the obtained semi-finished products, despite a very large share of waste material, indicate the possibility of using the tested recycling method for the production of semi-products of sulphur bronze, which is an alloy that is relatively difficult to manufacture.
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Bibliography

[1] Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the quality of water intended for human consumption, Dz.U.L 435/1 of 23.12.2020.
[2] Acceptance of metallic materials used for products in contact with drinking water, 4MS Common Approach Part B “4MS Common Composition List” Retrieved July, 12, 2022 from http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/topics/water/drinking-water/distributing-drinking-water/guidelines-evaluation-criteria.
[3] DIN SPEC 2701:2018.
[4] Haake, M., Hansen, A., Leistritz, F. (2019). EP Patent No. EP 3436615. Germany. The German Patent and Trade Mark Office.
[5] PN-EN 1982:2017 Copper and copper alloys - Ingots and castings
[6] Wieland G05, GD1, GS1, SW3 material specification. Retrieved 12, July, 2022 from https://www.wieland.com/en/content/download/.
[7] Marek, W., Kopańska, D., Bieniek, J., Wróbel, D., Stolorz, K., Filipowicz, A., Malec, W., Cwolek, B., Brudny, A., Juszczyk B., Kulasa, J. (2022). PL Patent application No. PL 436188. Poland. The Patent Office of the Republic of Poland.
[8] Cwolek, B., Malec, W., Brudny, A., Kulasa, J., Marek, W., Stolorz, K., Wróbel, D. & Filipowicz, A. (2022). Development of process conditions for the preparation of copper alloys post-production chips for the continuous casting process. Archives of Foundry Engineering. (in publication).
[9] PN-EN 12861:2018-07 Copper and copper alloys – Scrap.
[10] Hansen, A. (2019). Bleifreier rotguss als armaturen-und installationswerkstoff in der trinkwasserinstallation. METALL – Forschung. 73(11), 452-455.

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Authors and Affiliations

W. Malec
1
ORCID: ORCID
B. Cwolek
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Brudny
1
ORCID: ORCID
B. Juszczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
J. Kulasa
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Hury
1
ORCID: ORCID
W. Marek
2
K. Stolorz
2
D. Wróbel
2
A. Filipowicz
2

  1. Łukasiewicz Research Network — Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Poland
  2. COGNOR S.A. Oddział OM Szopienice w Katowicach, Poland
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Abstract

Economic development is strictly dependent on access to inexpensive and reliable energy sources based on diversified primary fuels. The strategic framework for the construction of the energy mix is defined in the Energy Policy of the State, the content of which, in terms of its mandatory elements, has been specified in the Energy Law. The task of the Energy Policy of the State is to create the shape of the future power sector, including designing the most advantageous regulatory, system and technical solutions guaranteeing the appropriate level of energy security of the country, monitoring of the system’s evolution and also designing and implementing changes aimed at the optimization of the functioning mechanisms. The vision of the development of the power system at the global level should also reflect changes in the formation of dispersed civil energy structures. Unfortunately, the results of the conducted analyses reveal existing imperfections of the data acquisition and information system, which should be used in the planning process. This issue is particularly important from the perspective of the dynamically developing concept of the energy self-sufficiency of communes and the emergence of energy clusters. The present paper describes the functioning of strategic planning in the field of the electric power system with an illustration of the improperly functioning mechanisms of information transfer in the context of the advancement of dispersed civil energy structures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Sołtysik
Sylwia Całus
Marcin Malec
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Abstract

Defining and analysing post-1945 architecture remains a relevant subject. Popularising knowledge about post-war Modernist architecture is a part of building public awareness and our collective identity. Many still- existing specimens of post-war Modernist architecture, particularly those located in smaller cities or towns, have neither been placed under proper conservation nor documentation. Their value is not widely appreciated and their continued existence is threatened. The objective of this paper is to present a major project by Włodzimierz Ściegienny — the Cepelia exhibition pavilions, as well as an unimplemented development plan for the entire exhibition grounds in Częstochowa.
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Bibliography


Bal, W. ‘Architektura modernistyczna Szczecina lat 60. i 70. w idei i realizacji’, Wiadomości Konserwatorskie / Journal of Heritage Conservation, 49/2017, pp.142–152.
Błaszczyk, W. (1961), Rezerwat archeologiczny, Cmentarzysko łużyckie, Częstochowa: Muzeum Regionalne w Częstochowie.
Braun, J. (1979), Częstochowa: Urbanistyka i architektura, Warszawa: Arkady, p. 84.
Cymer, A. (2019), Architektura w Polsce 1945–1989, Warszawa: Centrum Architektury Narodowy Instytut Architektury i Urbanistyki.
Haładyj, T. (2018), Dożynki na Jasnej Górze. Historia wystaw rolniczych — w miejscu Cepelii stała grecka kolumnada [online:] https://czestochowa.wyborcza.pl/czestochowa/1,48725,18710097,dozynki-na-jasnej-gorze-historia-wystaw-rolniczych-w-1946.html (accessed: 24.01.2021).
Kaczmarska, K. ‘Budynek Cepelii jako przykład architektury modernistycznej’, Rocznik Muzeum Częstochowskiego, 18/2018, p. 55.
Malec-Zięba, E. (2020), ‘Korelacja architektury i sztuki w twórczości Włodzimierza Ściegiennego’, Państwo i Społeczeństwo, 3/2020.
Syska, A. (2020), Spodek w Zenicie, Warszawa: NIAiU.
Springer, F. (2011), Źle urodzone, Reportaże o architekturze PRL-u, Kraków: Karakter, p. 7.
Springer, F. (2016), Księga zachwytów, Warszawa: Agora, pp. 345–347.
Ściegienny, K. (2005), Ars longa vita brevis, Częstochowa: Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Gaude Mater.
Ściegienny, K. (2011), Ad futuram rei memoriam, Częstochowa: Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Gaude Mater.
Stelmach, B., Andrzejewska-Batko, K. (ed.) (2019), Tożsamość. 100 lat polskiej architektury, Warszawa: Narodowy Instytut Architektury i Urbanistyki.
Steinhagen, D. (2017), Po 40 latach Cepelia żegna się z Częstochową i budynkiem w III Alei [online:] https://czestochowa.wyborcza.pl/czestochowa/7,48725,22172370,po-40-latach-cepelia-zegna-sie-z-czestochowa-i-budynkiem-w-iii.html (accessed: 24.01.2021).
Szczodrowska, M., Nasze spotkania. Architekt, artysta malarz, grafik. Rozmowa z Włodzimierzem Ściegiennym, „Życie Częstochowy” 119, 20 May 1984 (Ściegienny’s archives).
Wąsek, H. (2017), Stowarzyszenie architektów w Częstochowie. Zarys historii, Częstochowa: SARP Oddział w Częstochowie, p. 14.
Woźniczka, Z. (2007), ‘Częstochowa w latach siedemdziesiątych’, [w:] Kersten, K.(ed.) Częstochowa: Dzieje miasta i klasztoru jasnogórskiego, vol. 4. Dzieje miasta i klasztoru po 1945, Częstochowa: Urząd Miasta Częstochowy, p. 261.

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Authors and Affiliations

Emilia Malec-Zięba
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Faculty of Architecture and Fine Arts
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Abstract

The issue of unconsciousness, correlated with the topic of a human’s sexual life, is one of the most significant philosophical trends in Nikolai Berdyaev. Focusing on this issue, the Russian thinker perceives the ambiguous assessment of psychoanalysis as the groundbreaking phenomenon of his times. Berdyaev’s attitude towards Sigmund Freud’s and Carl G. Jung’s theories oscillates between approval and negation, and is shaped on the plane of ontological deconstruction. According to Berdyaev, psychoanalysis allows people to realize the presence of gender energy as well as indicates the need for sublimation. However, the transformation of sex drive into the source of production is not possible without the spiritual principle – something that is not taken into consideration in psychoanalysis, which is, as Berdyaev claims, its greatest weakness.
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Authors and Affiliations

Izabella Malej
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wrocław, Uniwersytet Wrocławski

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