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Modeling of the Kinetics of Carbonitrides Precipitation Process and Simulate the Image of Microstructure Using Cellular Automata Method in Microalloyed Steels

Przemysław Marynowski Marcin Hojny
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1117-1124 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139711
Keywords cellular automata precipitation carbonitrides microalloying elements microalloyed steel
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Abstract

Microalloying elements such as Ti, Nb, V, entered into steel they influence their microstructure and mechanical properties, because formation of carbonitrides, M(C,N). Influence of carbonitrides to the microstructure and mechanical properties depends on their basic stereological parameters: volume fraction, Vv, and their size, r. In this work the Cellular Automata model of the kinetics of the carbonitrides precipitation which enable to predict the image of the microstructure and calculate the size of carbonitrides formed during isothermal annealing of supersaturated steel is presented. In the high temperature the microalloying elements inhibit the austenite grains growth. Chemical composition of steel has influence to volume fraction and size of precipitations. The work is supplemented with examples of experimental comparison.
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Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Marynowski
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Hojny

The Effect of Microalloying (Nb, V) and Interstitial (C, N) Elements on Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed Steels

Przemysław Marynowski Marcin Hojny Tomasz Dębiński
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 127-136 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146687
Keywords Microalloyed steels Mechanical properties precipitations carbonitrides
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Abstract

The microalloying elements such as Nb, V are added to control the microstructure and mechanical properties of microalloyed (HSLA) steels. High chemical affinity of these elements for interstitials (N, C) results in precipitation of binary compound, nitrides and carbides and products of their mutual solubility – carbonitrides. The chemical composition of austenite, as well as the content and geometric parameters of undissolved precipitates inhibiting the growth of austenite grains is important for predicting the microstructure, and thus the mechanical properties of the material. Proper selection of the chemical composition of the steel makes it possible to achieve the required properties of the steel at the lowest possible manufacturing cost. The developed numerical model of carbonitrides precipitation process was used to simulate and predict the mechanical properties of HSLA steels. The effect of Nb and V content to change the yield strength of these steels was described. Some comparison with literature was done.
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Bibliography

[1] Adrian H. (2011). Numerical modeling of heat treatment processes. AGH Kraków. (in Polish).
[2] European Committee for Standardization (2019). Hot Rolled Products of Structural Steels: Technical Delivery Conditions for Flat Products of High Yield Strength Structural Steels in the Quenched and Tempered Condition
[3] Jan, F., Jaka, B. & Grega, K. (2021). Grain size evolution and mechanical properties of Nb, V–Nb, and Ti–Nb boron type S1100QL steels. Metals. 11(3), 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11030492.
[4] Gladman, T. (1997). The physical metallurgy of microalloyed steels institute of materials. vol. 363. London, UK. Search in. [5] Blicharski, M. (2004). Materials engineering: steel. WNT: Warszawa. (in Polish).
[6] Marynowski, P., Adrian, H. & Głowacki, M. (2019) Modeling of the kinetics of carbonitride precipitation process in high-strength low-alloy steels using cellular automata method. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 28(7), 4018-4025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04170-4.
[7] Marynowski, P., Adrian, H. & Głowacki, M. (2018). Cellular Automata model of carbonitrides precipitation process in steels. Computer Methods in Materials Science. 18(4), 120-128. ISSN 1641-8581.
[8] Marynowski, P., Adrian, H. & Głowacki, M. (2013). Cellular automata model of precipitation in microalloyed niobium steels. Computer Methods in Materials Science. 13(4), 452-459. ISSN 1641-8581.
[9] Adrian, H. (1992). Thermodynamic model for precipitation of carbonitrides in high strength low alloy steels containing up to three microalloying elements with or without additions of aluminum. Materials Science and Technology. 8, 406-420. https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1992.8.5.406.
[10] Adrian, H. (1995). Thermodynamic model of carbonitride precipitation in low-alloy steels with increased strength with application to hardenability tests. Kraków: AGH. (in Polish).
[11] Adrian, H. (1995). Thermodynamic calculations of carbonitride precipitation as a guide for alloy design of microalloyed steels. In Proceedings of the International Conference Microalloying'95, 11-14 June 1995(285-307). Pittsburgh.
[12] Adrian, H. (1999). A mechanism for the effect of vanadium on the hardenability of medium carbon manganese steel. Materials Science and Technology. 15, 366-378. https://doi.org/10.1179/026708399101505987.
[13] Cuddy, L.J. & Raley, J.C. (1987). Austenite grain coarsening in microalloyed steels. Metallurgical Transactions A. 14, 1989-1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02662366.
[14] Cuddy, L.J. (1984). The effect of micro alloy concentration on the recrystallization of austenite during hot deformation. Processing of Microalloyed Austenite (Pittsburgh) TMS-AIME Warrendale PA.
[15] Goldschmidt, H.J. (1967). Interstitial Alloys. Butterworth-Heinermann.
[16] Lifschitz, I.M. & Slyozov, V.V. (1961). The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solution. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 19(1/2), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(61)90054-3.
[17] Zając, S., Siwecki, T. & Hutchinson, W.B. (1998). Lagneborg R. The role of carbon in enhancing precipitation strengthening of V-microalloyed steels. Material Science Forum. 284, 295-302. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.284-286.295.
[18] Langberg, R., Hutchinson, W.B., Siwecki, T. & Zając, T. (2014). The role of vanadium in microalloyed steels. Sweden: Swerea KIMAB
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Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Marynowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Hojny
1
Tomasz Dębiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Krakow, Poland

Identification of the Parameters of the Model Generating the Microstructure in the Integrated Heating-Remelting-Cooling Process

Marcin Hojny Przemysław Marynowski Tomasz Dębiński D. Cedzidło
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 2 | 72-79 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.144298
Keywords Heating-Remelting-Cooling process Gleeble 3800 Monte Carlo method Grains
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Abstract

This paper identifies and describes the parameters of a numerical model generating the microstructure in the integrated heating-remelting-cooling process of steel specimens. The numerical model allows the heating-remelting-cooling process to be simulated comprehensively. The model is based on the Monte Carlo (MC) method and the finite element method (FEM), and works within the entire volume of the steel sample, contrary to previous studies, in which calculations were carried out for selected, relatively small areas. Experimental studies constituting the basis for the identification and description of model parameters such as: probability function, initial number of orientations, number of cells and number of MC steps were carried out using the Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. The use of GPU capabilities improved the performance of the numerical model and significantly reduced the simulation time. Thanks to the significant acceleration of simulation times, it became possible to comprehensively implement a numerical model of the heating-transformation-cooling process in the entire volume of the test sample. The paper is supplemented by results of performance tests of the numerical model and results of simulation tests.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Hojny
Przemysław Marynowski
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Dębiński
ORCID: ORCID
D. Cedzidło
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Application of Virtual Reality and High Performance Computing in Designing Rotary Forming Processes

Marcin Hojny Przemysław Marynowski G. Lipski T. Gądek Ł. Nowacki
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 1099-1105 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.139709
Keywords rotary forming virtual reality finite element computer simulation high performance computing
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Abstract

This paper presents an innovative solution in the form of a virtual reality (VR) and high performance computing (HPC) system dedicated to aid designing rotary forming processes with laser beam reheating the material formed. The invented method allowing a virtual machine copy to be coupled with its actual counterpart and a computing engine utilizing GPU processors of graphic NVidia cards to accelerate computing are discussed. The completed experiments and simulations of the 316L stainless steel semi-product spinning process showed that the developed VR-HPC system solution allows the manufacturing process to be effectively engineered and controlled in industrial conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Hojny
Przemysław Marynowski
ORCID: ORCID
G. Lipski
1
ORCID: ORCID
T. Gądek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ł. Nowacki
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  2. Research Network Łukasiewicz – Metal Forming Institute, Jana Pawła II 14, 61-139 Poznań, Poland

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