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This paper presents a new approach to study the palaeoecological and archaeological benefits of the previously investigated Szeged-Öthalom area. The aim was to combine the archaeological results with the palaeoecological ones by a new integral view. Age-depth models of 14C dated charcoal were calculated via Bayesian method to reconstruct the sediment accumulation rates in the investigated loess- palaeosol sequences. Moreover, the age of a Mammoth bone found in 1935 at the nearby Palaeolithic site was correlated with the calculated accumulation rates. Through our new results, the age of the Palaeolithic site could be correlated to the late LGM dust-accumulation-peak period. Even if this period is considered as cold and dry, the palaeoecological settings indicated dense forest cover and cool climate in the investigated area. This means that the palaeoenvironment may have encouraged the diffusion of Gravettian hunters in this area, founding campsites like Öthalom in the southern part of the Carpathian Basin.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dávid Molnár

László Makó

Pál Sümegi

Balázs P. Sümegi

Tünde Törőcsik

Environmental history of the Csorna Plain (Western Danube Plain, NW Hungary) from the Late Glacial to the Late Holocene as seen from data of multiproxy geoarchaeological investigations

Tünde Törőcsik Sándor Gulyás Pál Sümegi Balázs Sümegi Dávid Molnár Réka Benyó-Korcsmáros

Studia Quaternaria | 2019 | vol. 36 | Iss.1 | 19-43 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2019.126377

Keywords fluvial geoarchaeology environmental history flood cycles Danube Plain NW Hungary

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Abstract

This study presents the results of a comprehensive geoarchaeological study implemented at an archeological site covering ca. 5 ha near the city of Csorna on the NW part of the Danube Plain, NW Hungary. The site itself exposed a complex fluvial system of an ice age creek with near bank and overbank areas (levee, point bar, back swamp). Spatial distribution of archeological features allowed for the interpretation of differential use of the fluvial landscape by different cultures. According to our data, the referred fluvial system must have emerged during the Late Glacial. At this time, creeks originating from hills to the SE followed a uniform NW trajectory. From the Holocene, small creeks were beheaded turning into inactive flood channels. It was the time when the gradual infilling of the floodplain started. Alternating layers of floodwater coarses and floodplain fines mark recurring floods at our site. These could have been correlated with cooler, wetter climatic phases of the North Atlantic, Western Europe and high stands in Central European lakes. Highest floods are recorded during the Late Bronze and Iron Ages besides the Neolithic. Pollen data enabled us to make inferences on the vegetation as well.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tünde Törőcsik

Sándor Gulyás

Pál Sümegi

Balázs Sümegi

Dávid Molnár

Réka Benyó-Korcsmáros

MAR comparisons between different chronometric methods for two profiles in the Bodrogkeresztúr area

László Makó Dávid Molnár Péter Cseh Pál Sümegi

Studia Quaternaria | 2021 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 67-73 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2020.133761

Keywords loess sedimentology MAR age-depth models Bodrogkeresztúr

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Abstract

The deepening and exploration of the loess-palaeosol section at the foot of the Kopasz Hill at Bodrogkeresztúr have been carried out to expand the existing knowledge of the Carpathian foothill palaeoenvironmental factors and their impact. The study deals with particle size analysis, organic matter and carbonate content. For the presentation of age-depth models, the OSL dates of Bodrogkeresztúr (BKT) and the 14C dates of Bodrogkeresztúr, brickyard 1 were used-, and the diagrams of the Accumulation Rates (AR) derived from them. These were compared with Mass Accumulation Rate (MAR) calculations based on OSL and 14C data from BKT and 14C data from Bodrogkeresztúr, brickyard 1. It became evident that there is a significant difference between the two sections, which may be due to the upland position, the overlap, or the wind tunnel effect. Sedimentological studies revealed coarser grain composition, however, the nearly complete absence of coarser sand fraction is also noticeable in the case of BKT. Also, the entire section is characterized by increased carbonate content due to post-sedimentation processes, recarbonization and leaching. The AR and MAR results show the difference between the suitability of different chronometric methods, indicating that the top of both sections may have been redeposited or eroded.

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Authors and Affiliations

László Makó

1 2

Dávid Molnár

1 2

Péter Cseh

1 2

Pál Sümegi

1 2

Department of Geology and Paleontology, University of Szeged, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Long Environmental Changes research team, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary

Production and Characterization of Tissue Cultures of Four Crocus Species from the Carpathian Basin

Csongor Freytag Sándor Attila Pabar Zita Demeter Ádám Simon Anna Resetár Attila V. Molnár Gábor Sramkó Csaba Máthé

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica | 2017 | vol. 59 | No 2 | DOI: 10.1515/abcsb-2017-0009

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Abstract

Abstract We aimed to produce tissue cultures and plant regeneration from endangered Crocus species: C. scepusiensis, C. tommasinianus, C. vittatus (“Verni” series of the genus) and C. banaticus. For initiation of cultures we used a plant growth regulator (PGR) combination used for in vitro culture of saffron and its relatives: 10 mg L-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA). Shoot tips of young seedlings (C. scepusiensis) and corms (for the rest of species) were used as explants. C. scepusiensis explants developed into organogenic calli. On media with decreased NAA and with or without increased BA concentration, calli produced stigma-like structures and/or shoots and whole plants. In the other species, callus initiation medium induced callus formation with abundant somatic embryos. In C. tommasinianus, embryos developed shoots when auxin content of medium was decreased. In C. banaticus, a decrease of auxin with or without an increase in cytokinin content led to shoot or whole plant regeneration, as in C. scepusiensis. In the case of C. vittatus and C. banaticus, initiation and/or maintenance of cultures on indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and increased sucrose concentration stimulated whole plant regeneration and in vitro cormlet development. C. scepusiensis and the rest of cultures (organogenic vs. embryogenic) differed at the biochemical level: C. scepusiensis cultures had higher (yet still low) enzymatic antioxidant (catalase, peroxidase) activities. With respect to catalase isoenzyme patterns, C. banaticus was different from the rest of cultures, demonstrating its distinct taxonomical position. Besides germplasm preservation use of the present cultures, they have a potential biotechnological value.

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Authors and Affiliations

Csongor Freytag

Sándor Attila Pabar

Zita Demeter

Ádám Simon

Anna Resetár

Attila V. Molnár

Gábor Sramkó

Csaba Máthé

Applying grain-size and compositional data analysis for interpretation of the Quaternary oxbow lake sedimentation processes: Eastern Great Hungarian Plain

Abdelrhim Eltijani Dávid Molnár László Makó János Geiger Pál Sümegi

Studia Quaternaria | 2022 | vol. 39 | No 2 | 83-93 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2022.140885

Keywords grain size distribution log ratio transformation multivariate statistics Tövises bed Great Hungarian Plain

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Abstract

Grain size distribution is one of the paleoenvironmental proxies that provide insight statistical distribution of size fractions within the sediments. Multivariate statistics have been used to investigate the depositional process from the grain size distribution. Still, the direct application of the standard multivariate methods is not straightforward and can yield misleading interpretations due to the compositional nature of the raw grain size data. This paper is a methodological framework for grain size data characterization through the centered log ratio transformation and euclidean data, coupled with principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and linear discriminant analysis to examine Quaternary sediments from Tövises bed in the southeast Great Hungarian Plain. These approaches provide statistically significant and sedimentologically interpretable results for both datasets. However, the details by which they supplemented the conceptual model were significantly different, and this discrepancy resulted in a different temporal model of the depositional history.

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Authors and Affiliations

Abdelrhim Eltijani

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dávid Molnár

1

László Makó

1

János Geiger

1

Pál Sümegi

1

University of Szeged, Department of Geology, 2-6 Egyetem u., H-6722, Szeged, Hungary

Middle and Late Pleistocene loess-palaeosol archives in East Croatia: multi-proxy palaeoecological studies on Zmajevac and Šarengrad II sequences

Dávid Molnár László Makó Péter Cseh Pál Sümegi István Fekete Lidija Galović

Studia Quaternaria | 2021 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 3-17 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2020.133758

Keywords palaeoecology malacology sedimentology Šarengrad Zmajevac Croatia

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Abstract

Multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental analyses on the two loess-palaeosol sequences of Šarengrad II and Zmajevac (Croatia) provided the opportunity to obtain various data on climatic and environmental events that occurred in the southern part of the Carpathian Basin during the past 350,000 years. Palaeoecological horizons were reconstructed using sedimentological data (organic matter and carbonate content, grain-size distribution and magnetic susceptibility) and the dominance-based malacological results (MZs) supported by habitat and richness charts, moreover multi-variate statistics (cluster analysis). The correlation of the reconstructed palaeoecological horizons with global climatic trends (Marine Isotope Stages) determined the main accumulation processes in the examined areas. The palaeoecological analyses revealed specific accumulation conditions at both sequences, fluvial and aeolian environments at Šarengrad and a possible forest refuge at Zmajevac.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dávid Molnár

1 2

László Makó

1 2

Péter Cseh

1 2

Pál Sümegi

1 2

István Fekete

3

Lidija Galović

4

Department of Geology and Paleontology, University of Szeged, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Long Environmental Changes research team, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
Department of Physical Geography and Geoinformatics, University of Szeged, H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem u. 2-6, Hungary
Croatian Geological Survey, Sachsova 2, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia

Holocene environmental history of the Bottomless Lake (Tăul fără fund) sphagnum peat bog in Bǎgǎu, Romania

Tamás Zsolt Vári Dávid Molnár Pál Sümegi Balázs Pál Sümegi Tünde Törőcsik Edit Szakál Réka Benyó-Korcsmáros

Studia Quaternaria | 2020 | vol. 37 | Iss. 2 | 69-77 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2019.126395

Keywords Romania Holocene peat bog environmental history

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Abstract

This work focuses on the paleoenvironmental and palaeoclimatological history of the undisturbed core sequence of 8.6 m extracted from the Bottomless Lake (Tăul fără fund) sphagnum peat bog located in Bǎgǎu, Romania, which covers the last 8,600 years based on radiocarbon dating. By comparing results of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental investigations carried out so far in the area, results of the loss on ignition analyses and the data of the chronological analyses, it was possible to reconstruct climatic factors and anthropogenic impacts on the local environment. The undisturbed core sequence has above 86% organic matter content all along excluding the erosion horizons. Anthropogenic effects (building, woodcutting, pasturage, husbandry, farming) and changes in the local climate, vegetation, and environment increased the rate of the erosion and decreased the rate of the accumulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tamás Zsolt Vári

Dávid Molnár

Pál Sümegi

Balázs Pál Sümegi

Tünde Törőcsik

Edit Szakál

Réka Benyó-Korcsmáros

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Holocene environmental history of the Bottomless Lake (Tăul fără fund) sphagnum peat bog in Bǎgǎu, Romania

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