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Keywords kultura cywilizacja
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Abstract

Nikt z nas nie żyje w świecie takim, jakim on po prostu jest. Wszyscy żyjemy wewnątrz szczególnych obrazów świata, które nie są naszym własnym dziełem i które zwykle bierzemy za sam świat.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Moraczewski
1

  1. Instytut Kulturoznawstwa, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
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Abstract

None of us lives in the world as it simply exists. Rather, each of us inhabits a specific “image of the world” – one which we did not create ourselves, but which we usually mistake for the real world itself.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Moraczewski
1

  1. Institute of Cultural Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
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Abstract

Studies on packaging made of polylactide (PLA) subjected to long-term influence of soil environment conditions have been presented in this paper. The scientific objective of this study was to determine changes in selected properties of the PLA packaging after long-term incubation in soil. These changes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The structure, thermal properties, and disintegration degree of the packaging after their three-year incubation in soil have been discussed. It was found that the PLA packaging did not disintegrate significantly in the soil environment, and slight changes in their structure and lack of significant changes in thermal properties indicate that the efficiency of their degradation in soil conditions after three years is very low. This was mainly due to inadequate temperatures in the soil. It was also found (based on the results of scanning electron microscopy and gel permeation chromatography) that initiation of the biodegradation process took place and that this process is much faster than in the case of conventional non-biodegradable polymers. The results are confirmation that materials obtained of various biodegradable polymers (not only PLA) should be biodegradable only under strictly defined conditions, allocated to a specific type of polymer, i.e. those in which they are easily and quickly biodegradable
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Malinowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marta Musioł
2
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Moraczewski
3
Volodymyr Krasinskyi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lauren Szymańska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Bajer
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Toruń, Poland
  2. Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
  3. Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland

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