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Abstract

Different chromosomal forms of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae), including diploids (2n=26), hypotriploid (2n=36–38) and a genotype with an occasional occurrence of B chromosome (2n=26+0-1B) that originated from southern marginal populations (Argentine Islands region, maritime Antarctic) were studied using molecular cytogenetic, morphometric and biochemical methods. FISH analysis revealed variations in the number of rDNA sites between the diploid and hypotriploid plants. The genome size varied among plants with a different chromosome number and was on average 10.88 pg/2C for diploids and 16.46 pg/2C for hypotriploid. The mean values of leaf length of plants grown in vitro varied within a range of 5.23–9.56 cm. The total phenolic content ranged from 51.10 to 105.40 mg/g, and the total flavonoid content ranged from 1.22 to 4.67 mg/g. The amount of phenolic compounds did not differ significantly between the genotypes, while a variation in the flavonoid content was observed for L59 and DAR12. The diploids did not differ significantly among each other in terms of the number of rDNA loci, but differed slightly in their genome size. The individuals of DAR12 carrying B chromosome were similar to other diploids in terms of their genome size, but statistically differed in leaf length. The hypotriploid had both a greater number of rDNA sites and a larger genome size. No statistical correlations were observed between the genome size and leaf length or genome size and accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The results of this study suggest that D. antarctica plants from the southern edge of the range are characterised by the heterogeneity of the studied parameters.

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Authors and Affiliations

Daria Navrotska
Igor Andreev
Alexander Betekhtin
Magdalena Rojek
Ivan Parnikoza
Ganna Myryuta
Oksana Poronnik
Natalia Miryuta
Joanna Szymanowska-Pułka
Volodymyr Grakhov
Roman Ivannikov
Robert Hasterok
Viktor Kunakh
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Abstract

This review presents the results of multi-year efforts for the development and integral investigation of the collection of Deschampsia antarctica É. Desv. plants originated from the maritime Antarctic. To create the collection, we have optimized the procedures and conditions for germination of seeds and generation of aseptic plants in vitro together with their subsequent clonal propagation, long-term in vitro culture, and acclimatization of plants to pot culture, and finally produced fertile plants able to set viable seeds. The collection of plants cultivated in vitro and in pots is consisted of clones of 22 different genotypes originated from eight island populations from the Argentine Islands – Kyiv Peninsula region. Some of these clones have been successfully cultured for more than ten years and were found to be genetically stable over this period. The collection was shown to be heterogeneous in a number of variables. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the plants, as well as the data of karyological, molecular cytogenetic, molecular genetics, and biochemical analysis are presented. The created collection of D. antarctica plants can provide a valuable plant material with well-studied characteristics grown under controlled conditions to perform experimental research on the mechanisms for plant adaptation and resistance to various abiotic factors of Antarctic environment. Furthermore, development of the collection and its comprehensive characterization form the basis for further biotechnological developments focused on the use of this Antarctic plant as a source of biologically active substances, which can potentially be used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Viktor Kunakh
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maryana Twardovska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Igor Andreev
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nadia Drobyk
2
Daria Navrotska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nataliia Nuzhyna
3
ORCID: ORCID
Oksana Poronnik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Iryna Konvalyuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ganna Myryuta
1
ORCID: ORCID
Roman Ivannikov
4
ORCID: ORCID
Ivan Parnikoza
1 5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Cell Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Acad. Zabolotnogo Str., 03143, Kyiv, Ukraine
  2. Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, М. Kryvonosa str., 2, Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine
  3. Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine” Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University, 1 Symona Petlyury str., Kyiv, 01032, Ukraine
  4. M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Timiryazevska str., 01014, Kyiv, Ukraine
  5. State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, 16 Shevchenko Ave., 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine

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