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Abstract

Materials with so-called soft magnetic properties are an important object of material engineering research due to their potential application, among others, in the construction of low-loss transformer cores. Such properties are typical for alloys with an amorphous structure and with a high content of ferromagnetic elements: Fe, Co, Ni. Difficulties related with obtaining alloys which meet satisfactory dimensions result in the search for new solutions. One of them is the production of composites based on ferromagnetic powders obtained from amorphous alloys. This paper presents results of structure research for composite materials produced in a multi-stage production process. Magnetic composites were made on the basis of a bulk amorphous Fe70B20Y5Nb4Mo1 alloy produced by the injection method. On the basis of the obtained powder, two series of moldings were made: with 0.5% resin and covered with high-temperature varnish. Final composites were produced by using high temperature isostatic press. On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that the composites without resin are characterized by distinctly better magnetic properties as compared to resin-bonded composites.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Jeż
1
ORCID: ORCID
Przemysław Postawa
1
Marcin Nabiałek
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Technology and Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 19c, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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Abstract

This article presents the results of tests carried out on rapid quenched Fe-based alloys. The alloys were made using an injection-casting method. The actual structure of the alloys was also studied using an indirect method, based on H. Kronmüller's theorem. Based on analysis of the primary magnetization curves, in accordance with the aforementioned theory, it was found that Mo causes a change in internal regions associated with changes in the direction of the magnetization vector. The evolution of the thermal properties with increasing volume of Mo has been confirmed by the DSC curves. Addition of Mo, at the expense of the Nb component, results in changes to the crystallization process (i.e. the crystallization onset temperature and number of stages). The study showed that the addition of Mo at the expense of Nb reduces glass forming ability. Based on the DSC analysis, free volumes were determined for the alloys tested. These values were compared with the analysis of primary magnetization curves. It was found that the DSC curves can be used to indirectly describe the structure of amorphous alloys similar to the theory of the approach to ferromagnetic saturation. This approach is new and can be used by many researchers in this field.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Jeż
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Technology and Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 19c, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Cz ̨estochowa, Poland
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Abstract

In the work, multi-criteria optimization of phononic structures was performed to minimize the transmission in the frequency range of acoustic waves, eliminate high transmission peaks with a small half-width inside of the band gap, and what was the most important part of the work – to minimize the number of layers in the structure. Two types of the genetic algorithm were compared in the study. The first one was characterized by a constant number of layers (GACL) of the phononic structure of each individual in each population. Then, the algorithm was run for a different number of layers, as a result of which the structures with the best value of the objective function were determined. In the second version of the algorithm, individuals in populations had a variable number of layers (GAVL) which required a different type of target function and crossover procedure. The transmission for quasi-one-dimensional phononic structures was determined with the use of the transfer matrix method algorithm. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the developed GAVL algorithm with an appropriately selected objective function achieved optimal solutions in a much smaller number of iterations than the GACL algorithm, and the value of the k parameter below 1 leads to faster achievement of the optimal structure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Garus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Sochacki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mariusz Kubanek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Mechanics and Fundamentals of Machinery Design, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dąbrowskiego 73, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
  2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dąbrowskiego 73, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
  3. Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 19, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
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Abstract

The purpose of this scientific paper is to follow the influence of thermal galvanizing, as a technological process on the quality of the galvanized surface. The galvanizing technology used and studied involves at the end of the process, the removal of excess zinc from the surface by centrifugation. The zinc layer will be lower than that of simple immersion galvanizing. The measurements were performed following the roughness of the machined surface on a five-Section specimen – each Section being processed with a different cutting regime. The results were analyzed after each operation. The first measurements were made after the turning operation, followed by measurements made after pickling and fluxing and then after thermal galvanizing. Based on the results obtained, the aim was to set up a range of best roughness at which the galvanized part should have a commercial appearance and be made with a cost-effective cutting regime in terms of costs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sandor Ravai-Nagy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alina Bianca Pop
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Costin Alexandru
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mihail Aurel Țîțu
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Northern Un iversity Cent re of Baia Mare, Faculty of Engineering – Department of Engineering and Technology Management , 62A, Vict or Babes Street, 430083, Baia Mare, Maramures, Romania
  2. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics , Armii Krajowej 19 Av., 42-200 Częstochowa
  3. Electro Sistem, 4B, 8 Martie Street, 430406, Baia Mare, Maramures, Romania
  4. ”Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Management Department , 10 Victoriei Street, 550024, Sibiu, Romania
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Bogusław Major
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrei Victor Sandu
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
3
Marcin Nabiałek
4
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Tański
5
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Zieliński
6
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, ul. Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  2. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 71 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
  3. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Institute of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, ul. Dabrowskiego 69, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
  5. Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
  6. Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz – Instytut Metalurgii Żelaza im. Stanisława Staszica, (Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy), ul. K. Miarki 12-14, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Authors and Affiliations

Bogusław Major
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabialek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Sroka
3
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Węglowski
4
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
  2. Czestochowa University of Technology, Częstochowa, Poland
  3. Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
  4. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Welding, Gliwice, Poland
  5. University Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
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Abstract

This research presents an experimental study carried out for the modeling and optimization of some technological parameters for the machining of metallic materials. Certain controllable factors were analyzed such as cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed per tooth. A dedicated research methodology was used to obtain a model which subsequently led to a process optimization by performing a required number of experiments utilizing the Minitab software application. The methodology was followed, and the optimal value of the surface roughness was obtained by the milling process for an aluminum alloy type 7136-T76511. A SECO cutting tool was used, which is standard in aluminum machining by milling. Experiments led to defining a cutting regime that was optimal and which shows that the cutting speed has a significant influence on the quality of the machined surface and the depth of cut and feed per tooth has a relatively small impact on the chosen ranges of process parameters.
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Bibliography

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  12.  B.C. Routara, A. Bandyopadhyay, and P. Sahoo, “Roughness modeling and optimization in CNC end milling using response surface method: effect of workpiece material variation”, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. , vol 40, no. 11‒12, pp. 1166‒1180, 2009.
  13.  P. Sahoo, “Optimization of turning parameters for surface roughness using RSM and GA”, Adv. Prod. Eng. Manag., vol. 6 no. 3, pp. 197– 208, 2011.
  14.  R.H. Myers and D.C. Montgomery, “Response surface methodology process and product optimization using designed experiments”, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2002.
  15.  G.E.P Box and N.R. Draper, “Response surface mixtures and ridge analysis”, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey, 2007.
  16.  R.H. Myers, D.C. Montgomery, and C. M. Anderson-Cook, “Response surface methodology: process and product optimization using designed experiments”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016.
  17.  T.Prvan and D.J. Street, “An annotated bibliography of application papers using certain classes of fractional factorial and related designs”, J. Stat. Plann. Inference, vol. 106, pp. 245‒269, 2002.
  18.  A.M. Țîțu et al., “Design of Experiment in the Milling Process of Aluminum Alloys in the Aerospace Industry”, Appl. Sci., vol. 10, p. 6951, 2020.
  19.  M. Kuntoğlu, A. Aslan, D.Y. Pimenov, K. Giasin, T. Mikolajczyk, and S. Sharma, “Modeling of Cutting Parameters and Tool Geometry for Multi-Criteria Optimization of Surface Roughness and Vibration via Response Surface Methodology in Turning of AISI 5140 Steel”, Materials, vol. 13, p. 4242, 2020.
  20.  X. Li, Z. Liu, and X. Liang, “Tool Wear, Surface Topography, and Multi-Objective Optimization of Cutting Parameters during Machining AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Flange”, Metals, vol. 9, p. 972, 2019.
  21.  Y. Su, G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, J. Meng, and C. Li, “Multi-Objective Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Turning AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel”, Metals, vol. 10, p. 217, 2020.
  22.  A. Ahmad, M.A. Lajis, N.K. Yusuf, and S.N. Ab Rahim, “Statistical Optimization by the Response Surface Methodology of Direct Recycled Aluminum-Alumina Metal Matrix Composite, MMC-AlR) Employing the Metal Forming Process”, Processes, vol. 8, p. 805, 2020.
  23.  A.K. Parida, and K. Maity, “Modeling of machining parameters a_ecting flank wear and surface roughness in hot turning of Monel-400 using response surface methodology, RSM)”, Measurement, vol. 137, pp. 375–381, 2019.
  24.  N.K. Sahu and A.B. Andhare, “Modelling and multiobjective optimization for productivity improvement in high-speed milling of Ti– 6Al–4V using RSM and GA”, J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., vol. 39, pp. 5069–5085, 2017.
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  26.  M. Beniyel, M. Sivapragash, S.C. Vettivel, P. Senthil Kumar, K.K. Ajith Kumar, and K. Niranjan, “Optimization of tribology parameters of AZ91D magnesium alloy in dry sliding condition using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm”, Bulletin of The Polish Academy of Sciences, Technical Sciences, vol. 69(1), 1‒10, 2021.
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  29.  J. Michalczyk, M. Nabiałek, and M. Szota, “Mathematical modelling of thermo-elasto-plastic problems and the solving methodology on the example of the tubular section forming process”, Arch. Metall. Mater., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 1655–1662, 2016.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aurel Mihail Titu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Alina Bianca Pop
3
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
4
ORCID: ORCID
Camelia Cristina Dragomir
2 5
Andrei Victor Sandu
6 7
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 10 Victoriei Street, 550024, Sibiu, Romania
  2. The Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independenței, Sector 5, 050085, Bucharest, Romania
  3. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 62A Victor Babeș Street, Baia Mare, Romania
  4. Department of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
  5. Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
  6. Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, Blvd. D. Mangeron 71, 700050 lasi, Romania
  7. Romanian Inventors Forum, Str. Sf. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
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Abstract

The study investigated the effect of the fill factor, lattice constant, and the shape and type of meta-atom material on the reduction of mechanical wave transmission in quasi-two-dimensional phononic structures. A finite difference algorithm in the time domain was used for the analysis, and the obtained time series were converted into the frequency domain using the discrete Fourier transform. The use of materials with large differences in acoustic impedance allowed to determine the influence of the meta-atom material on the propagation of the mechanical wave.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Garus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Sochacki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Kwiatoń
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jana Petrů
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mariusz Kubanek
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Mechanics and Fundamentals of Machinery Design, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dąbrowskiego 73, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
  2. Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 19, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
  3. Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava,70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic
  4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dąbrowskiego 73, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
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Abstract

This study compares the mechanical properties of recycled high-density polyethylene (r-HDPE)/rice husk (RH) composites from a twin-screw extruder and a heated two-roll mill, and the effect of different filler loadings using different melt blending processes on the mechanical properties of r-HDPE/RH composites. Polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (MAPE) acts as the coupling agent to enhance interfacial bonding between the fibre and the polymer matrix. The filler loading used was in the range of 10-40 wt. %. In this work, r-HDPE/RH blends were prepared using a twin-screw extruder and a heated two-roll mill. The ratio of 70/30 twin-screw extruder compounded composites significantly showed higher tensile based on improved to about 45.5% at 11 MPa compared to those compounded in the heated two-roll mill. The same ratio showed an increment almost up to 9% of elongation at break. It has also been verified that the higher filler loading used reduced the tensile strength and elongation at break, while the Young’s modulus increased. The result was evidenced by the increase in water absorption and longer burning time as the filler loading increased.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohd Nazry Salleh
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Roslaili Abdul Aziz
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Chen Ruey Shan
4 2
ORCID: ORCID
Luqman Musa
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
5
ORCID: ORCID
Bartłomiej Jeż
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, TechnologyKompleksPusatPengajian Taman Muhibah, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Advanced Polymer Group, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence for Biomass Utilization (COEBU), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied Physics, Material Science Programme, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
  5. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, 21 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Abstract

Optimal parameters setting of injection moulding (IM) machine critically effects productivity, quality, and cost production of end products in manufacturing industries. Previously, trial and error method were the most common method for the production engineers to meet the optimal process injection moulding parameter setting. Inappropriate injection moulding machine parameter settings can lead to poor production and quality of a product. Therefore, this study was purposefully carried out to overcome those uncertainty. This paper presents a statistical technique on the optimization of injection moulding process parameters through central composite design (CCD). In this study, an understanding of the injection moulding process and consequently its optimization is carried out by CCD based on three parameters (melt temperature, packing pressure, and cooling time) which influence the shrinkage and tensile strength of rice husk (RH) reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. Statistical results and analysis are used to provide better interpretation of the experiment. The models are form from analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the model passed the tests for normality and independence assumptions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Haliza Jaya
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Nik Noriman Zulkepli
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Firdaus Omar
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
4
ORCID: ORCID
Kinga Jeż
4
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 2, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Kampus Alam Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
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Abstract

The study analyzed the influence of materials and different types of damping on the dynamic stability of the Bernoulli-Euler beam. Using the mode summation method and applying an orthogonal condition of eigenfunctions and describing the analyzed system with the Mathieu equation, the problem of dynamic stability was solved. By examining the influence of internal and external damping and damping in the beam supports, their influence on the regions of stability and instability of the solution to the Mathieu equation was determined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Garus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Justyna Garus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Sochacki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jana Petru
3
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Borek
4
ORCID: ORCID
Michal Šofer
5
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Kwiatoń
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
  2. Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 19, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
  3. Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic
  4. Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  5. Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Abstract

Dolomite can be used as a source of aluminosilicate to produce geopolymers; however, this approach is limited by its low reactivity. This study analyzes the viability of producing geopolymers using dolomite/fly-ash with sodium silicate and NaOH solutions (at multiple concentrations) by determining the resultant geopolymers’ compressive strengths. The dolomite/fly-ash-based geopolymers at a NaOH concentration of ~22 M resulted in an optimum compressive strength of 46.38 MPa after being cured for 28 days, and the SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed the denser surface of the geopolymer matrix. The synchrotron micro-XRF analyses confirmed that the Ca concentration exceeded that of Si and Mg, leading to the formation of calcium silicate hydrate, which strengthens the resulting geopolymers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Emy Aizat Azimi
1
M.A.A. Mohd Salleh
1
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kamarudin Hussin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jitrin Chaiprapa
2
ORCID: ORCID
Petrica Vizureanu
3
ORCID: ORCID
Sorachon Yoriya
4
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
5
ORCID: ORCID
Jerzy J. Wyslocki
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (Unimap), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
  3. ”Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Blvd. D. Mangeron 71, 700050 Lasi, Romania
  4. National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
  5. Czestochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
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Abstract

In Eurocode 5, the stiffness equation for bolted steel-wood-steel is stated as a function ofwood density and fastener diameter only. In this research, an experimental study on various configurations of tested bolted steel-wood-steel (SWS) connections has been undertaken to predict the initial stiffness of each connection. In order to validate the Eurocode 5 stiffness equation, tests on 50 timber specimens (40 glued laminated timbers and 10 laminated veneer lumbers (LVL)) with steel plates were undertaken. The number of bolts was kept similar and the connector diameter, timber thickness, and wood density were varied. The results obtained in the experimental tests are compared with those obtained from the Eurocode 5 stiffness equation. From the analysis, it is signified that the stiffness equation specified in Eurocode 5 for bolted SWS connections does not adequately predict the initial stiffness. The results from Eurocode 5 stiffness equation are very far from the experimental values. The ratio of stiffness equation to experimental results ranges from 3.48 to 4.20, with the average at 3.77, where the equation overpredicted the experimental stiffness value for the connection. There is a need to consider or incorporated other parameters such as geometric configurations in Eurocode 5 stiffness equation to improve the ratio with the experimental data.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nur Liza Rahim
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Gary Raftery
3
ORCID: ORCID
Pierre Quenneville
3
ORCID: ORCID
Doh Shu Ing
4
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
5
ORCID: ORCID
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
4 6
ORCID: ORCID
Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
1 7
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
8 6
ORCID: ORCID
Agata Śliwa
9
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, 02600 Arau Perlis, Malaysia
  2. 2Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar Perlis, Malaysia
  3. University of Auckland, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand
  4. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
  5. Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
  6. Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar Perlis, Malaysia
  7. Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar Perlis, Malaysia
  8. University Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, 02600 Arau Perlis, Malaysia
  9. Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

With the rapid development of industry, abundant industrial waste has resulted in escalating environmental issue. Steel slag is the by-product of steel-making and can be used as cementitious materials in construction. However, the low activity of steel slag limits its utilization. Much investigation has been conducted on steel slag, while only a fraction of the investigation focuses on the effect of steel slag particle size on the properties of mortar. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of steel slag particle size as cement replacement on properties of steel slag mortar activated by sodium sulphate (Na2SO4º. In this study, two types of steel slag, classified as fine steel slag (FSS) with particle sizes of 0.075mm and coarse steel slag (CSS) with particle sizes of 0.150 mm, were used for making alkali activated steel slag (AASS) mortar. Flow table test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test and UPV test were carried out by designing and producing AASS mortar cubes of (50 x 50 x 50) mm at 0, 10%, 20% and 30% replacement ratio and at 0.85% addition of Na2SO4. The results show that the AASS mortar with FSS possess a relatively good strength in AASS mortar. AASS mortar with FSS which is relatively finer shows a higher compressive strength than CSS up to 38.0% with replacement ratio from 10% to 30%. This study provided the further investigation on the combined influence of replacement ratio and particle size of SS in the properties of fresh and hardened AASS.
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Authors and Affiliations

Doh Shu Ing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chia Min Ho
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaofeng Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
2
ORCID: ORCID
Siew Choo Chin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nur Liza Rahim
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
  2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Foamed concrete incorporating processed spent bleaching earth (PSBE) produces environmentally friendly foamed concrete. Compressive strength, porosity, and rapid chloride penetration tests were performed to investigate the potential application for building material due to its low density and porous concrete. Laboratory results show that 30% PSBE as cement replacement in foamed concrete produced higher compressive strength. Meanwhile, the porosity of the specimen produced by 30% PSBE was 45% lower than control foamed concrete. The porosity of foamed concrete incorporating PSBE decreases due to the fineness of PSBE that reduces the volume of void space between cement and fine aggregate. It was effectively blocking the pore and enhances the durability. Consistently, the positive effect of incorporating of PSBE has decreased the rapid chloride ion permeability compared to that control foamed concrete. According to ASTM C1202-19 the foamed concrete containing 30% PSBE was considered low moderate permeability based on its charge coulombs value of less than 4000. Besides, the high chloride ion permeability in foamed concrete is because the current quickly passes through the specimen due to its larger air volume. In conclusion, incorporating PSBE in foamed concrete generates an excellent pozzolanic effect, producing more calcium silicate hydrate and denser foamed concrete, making it greater, fewer voids, and higher resistance to chloride penetration.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rokiach Othman
1
Khairunisa Muthusamy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Arif Sulaiman
1
ORCID: ORCID
Youventharan Duraisamy
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
2
ORCID: ORCID
Chong Beng Wei
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
3
ORCID: ORCID
Sajjad Ali Mangi
4
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
5
ORCID: ORCID
Agata Śliwa
6
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
  2. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang,Pahang, Malaysia
  3. Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, University Malayia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, SZAB Campus, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh 66020, Pakistan
  5. Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa
  6. Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

Porous asphalt mixture (PA), known as open-graded surfaces over a stone bed underneath, allows water to go through. These factors can affect the porous asphalt mixture adhesive strength. The high amount of course aggregate promotes the structure of air voids have certain impacts on the acoustic properties of porous asphalt. The materials properties are consisting of both aggregate and bitumen tests. This study also details out the aggregates sieve analysis test to develop new aggregate gradation for PA. According to five ASEAN countries’ specifications, the sieve analysis test was done. The countries included are Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, and Indonesia. The test for the binder includes the softening point, penetration, and ductility. This study also investigates the addition of kenaf fiber in the mixture as an additive. Mechanical performance test for PA using Marshall Stability test to identify the strength and the properties of the conventional PA with the addition of kenaf fiber compared to the new gradation of PA incorporating kenaf fiber. From the results, the addition of 0.3% kenaf modified PA improved the performance of PA in terms of Marshall Stability and volumetric properties.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nur Ezreen Jasni
1
ORCID: ORCID
Khairi Azman Masri
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
2
ORCID: ORCID
Rafiza Abd Razak
3
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
4
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Błoch
4
ORCID: ORCID
Agata Śliwa
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
  5. Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian21 University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Due to urbanization, the population in the major cities in Malaysia is approximately 72.8% of its total population. The increase of population density has directly increased the amount of sewerage sludge waste that poses threat to the environment. In line with the green initiatives, alternative method to develop good quality concrete material from sewerage sludge waste can be further explored. Traditionally, sewerage sludge waste is processed using incinerator that require high energy and it is time consuming. In this study, microwave heating which require less energy consumption and less time consuming is used for sewerage sludge preparation. Prior to heating process, sewerage sludge waste is over dried at 105°C for 24 hours. Three types of microwave heating namely medium heating, medium high heating and high heating has been used. The chemical and physical properties microwaved sewerage sludge ash (MSSA) was tested using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Based on the result, the recommended temperature for the MSSA production for the concrete is High Mode Temperature. This is due to the result of MSSA for X-Ray Fluorescent test as its shows the highest in the content for pozzolanic element which are SiO2 and Fe2O3 that produce after the microwave burning process. The mineralogical composition and the crystalline phase of the High temperature MSSA due to X-Ray Diffraction test also shows high content of SiO2 as the major component as it is good for pozzolanic reaction in concrete. From the Scanning Electron Microscope test, it is observed that particle of High heated MSSAare slightly smaller than other temperature. Also, the densification occurs at High temperature MSSA. Hence, the optimal burning temperature mode for MSSA is High Mode temperature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Doh Shu Ing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chia Min Ho
1
ORCID: ORCID
Siew Choo Chin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
3
ORCID: ORCID
Sebastian Garus
4
ORCID: ORCID
Agata Śliwa
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
  2. Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
  3. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
  5. Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian 21 University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Steel-wood-steel connection is widely seen in many applications, such as timber structures. The stiffness of steel-wood-steel connection loaded parallel to grain for softwoods originated from Malaysia was investigated in this study. Numerical models have been developed in ABAQUS to study the stiffness connection. Softwoods of Damar Minyak and Podo have been selected in this analysis. The comprehensive study focused on the effect of bolt configurations on stiffness. Numerical analysis is carried out and the developed model has been validated with the previous study. Further investigations have been made by using the validated model. From this model, numerical analysis of the stiffness values have been made for various bolt configurations, including bolt diameter, end distance, bolt spacing, number of rows and bolts and edge distance. The result shows that the stiffness of bolted timber connections for softwood depends on the bolt diameter, number of rows and bolts, end distance and edge distance. Based on the result, stiffness increased as the diameter of the bolt, end distance, number of rows and bolts and edge distance increased. It is also discovered that the stiffness equation in Eurocode 5 (EC5) is inadequate as the equation only considered parameters which are wood density and bolt diameter. Other connection parameters such as geometry are not considered in the EC5 equation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nur Liza Rahim
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Francis Ting Shyue Sheng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdul Razak Abdul Karim
3
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabialek
4
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
5 6
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Sroka
7
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, 02600 Arau Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Sustainable Environment Research Group (SERG), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
  4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
  5. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, 02600 Arau Perlis, Malaysia
  6. Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar Perlis, Malaysia
  7. Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

Malaysia’s construction industry is experiencing rapid growth, translating into increased demand for cement. However, cement production pollutes the air to the detriment of the climate via CO2 emission, making research into a cementitious replacement in concrete a necessity. This paper details an experimental study of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with partial replacement of cement by rice straw ash (RSA), which is expected to result in environmental preservation due to the green materials being used in cement production. The physicomechanical properties of the SCC with RSA replacement were determined via its compressive strength, water absorption, self-workability, and fire resistance (residual strength after exposure to high temperatures). The proportion of RSA replacement used were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%, and all passed the slump flow test, except the 20% and 25% samples. The SCC samples with 15% of RSA replacement reported the highest compressive strength at 7 and 28 curing days and the highest residual strength post-exposure to high temperatures. The lowest percentage of water absorption was reported by the 15% of RSA replacement, with a density of 2370 kg/m3.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rafiza Abd Razak
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Yi Qin Chin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
3 2
ORCID: ORCID
Zarina Yahya
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mokhzani Khair Ishak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sebastian Garus
4
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
5
ORCID: ORCID
Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani
6
ORCID: ORCID
Khairil Azman Masri
7
ORCID: ORCID
Andrei Victor Sandu
8
ORCID: ORCID
Agata Śliwa
9
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, 02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech)
  3. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
  4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
  5. Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
  6. UniversitiTeknologi MARA, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, 40450 ShahAlam, Selangor, Malaysia
  7. 1 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
  8. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 71 D. Man-geron Blv., 700050 Iasi, Romania
  9. Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

Stone mastic asphalt is a gap-graded mix and is usually related to its high bitumen content and its skeleton-like constitution. Although famous for its durability, high resistance to fatigue and rutting, issues such as bleeding and premature aging do occur in the mix since it has a high bitumen content and voids due to its gap-graded structure. In order to encounter these problems from affecting the mix, some instances such as adding additives, rejuvenators and stabilizers into the mixture has been implemented. Nowadays, nano materials are being used in the asphalt mixtures and nano titanium is being introduced as a modifier to the asphalt binder in order to improve the mechanical properties of the stone mastic asphalt mix. The related tests done in order to access the improvement are resilient modulus, dynamic creep, moisture susceptibility and binder drain down. The content of nano titanium used in this research are 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. This study is done to assess the mechanical performance of stone mastic asphalt with nano titanium modified binder.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nur Syafiqah Shamimi Mohd Zali
1
ORCID: ORCID
Khairil Azman Masri
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
2
ORCID: ORCID
Muzamir Hasan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
3
ORCID: ORCID
Bartłomiej Jeż
4
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
4
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Sroka
5
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Pietrusiewicz
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
  4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
  5. Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science, Silesian 21 University of Technology, Poland

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