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Number of results: 7
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Abstract

PAHs belong to a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The article is a survey of literature concerning the PAH content in uncooked as well as processed and cooked food. PAHs/POPs are very common cancerogenic and mutagenie pollutants. They can reach food through the consecutive links of the food chain. Hence they create a serious health hazard. The quoted literature indicates that these pollutants are very common in uncooked as we! processed and cooked food. PAHs occurring in plant matter are usually adsorbed on the surface of the leaves or roots. In some cases they also uptake to plants. Plant contamination is caused mainly by air deposition. As far as processed and cooked food is concerned the PAH content depends on its preparation. Extremely intense PAH contamination is in smoked fish and meat as well as products prepared over open name (e.g. barbecue). Cereal and vegetables are the main PAH sources in a human diet.
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Authors and Affiliations

Patryk Oleszczuk
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Abstract

In the present paper changes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content were evaluated during composting of sewage sludge stabilized with coal fly ash. The content of PAHs in sewage sludge used for composting was I 0385 μg/kg (±830). In fly ash only three PAHs were determined (phenanthrene - 0.9 μg/kg, anthraccnc - 1.9 μg/kg and chrysenc - 2.7 μg/kg). Addition of fly ash to composted sewagesludge had various - dependent on its share - effect on PAHs mineralization. Relatively best degradation (66.3%) was noted when sewage sludge was mixed with fly ash in amount 20% (w/w). In composted sewage sludge and sludge with 30% addition of fly ash a decrease of PAH content was also observed (38 and 32.4% respectively). Relatively "best" mineralization was noted for 3-ring PAHs. Estimated half-lives of all investigated compounds depended on individual PAHs properties and ranged from 59 to 1164 days.
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Authors and Affiliations

Patryk Oleszczuk
Stanisław Baran
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to the intensity and type of soil management. Two types of soil were selected for the present studies, i.e.: Haplic Phaeozem developed from loess and Eutric Fluvisol originating from silty formations. Five objects were chosen in cach of the soils included in the present study, i.e.: apple orchards, hop gardens, arabic fields, grassland and natural forest ecosystems. Samples were collected from the depth of 0-1 O, I 0- 20 and below 35 cm. In the study material obtained, the content of 16 PAHs was determined by means of the HPLC-UV method. The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons clearly depended both on the soil type and soil management method. Only in the case of two objects (hop garden and grassland plot) both the Haplic Phaeozem and the Eutric Fluvisol were characterized by the highest PAH content. The influence of soil management method on both the PAH sum and the content of individual compounds was more clearly marked in the Haplic Phaeozem than in the Eutric Fluvisol. PAH migration deeper into the soil profile similarly to their content depended on the soil type and soil management method. However, both in the Eutric Fluvisol and in the Haplic Phaeozem, an increase in naphthalene share was observed with a decrease in depth. Nevertheless, the effect of pollutant leaching deeper into the soil profile was more clearly marked in the case of Eutric Fluvisol.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Pranagal
Patryk Oleszczuk
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Abstract

Soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons is a serious problem. In the soil in the location of highways, fuel pumping station and airfields high pollutant concentrations are found. The contents of total hydrocarbons (THC) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in the surface (0-20 cm) soil samples from airfields in Dęblin Marked differences in the pollution level of the above areas were noted. The PAH contents ranged from 113 to 5638 μg/kg and THC contents range from 40 to 430 mg/kg. The analysis was carried out by reverse phase HPLC (PAHs) and SOXTEC apparatus according to Polish norm PN-86/C-04573/01.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Baran
Patryk Oleszczuk
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Abstract

The objective of this research was to estimate the content of 16 PAHs (US EPA list) in plants (com and willow) cultivated in sewage sludge-amended soil. An ultrasonic method and dichloromethane have been used to extract total PAHs content. The solid phase extraction was performed to purify sample extracts. HPLC and UV detection were employed to separate and quantify the studied PAHs. On the basis of the obtained results a bioconcentration factor was calculated. The contents of 16 PAH in plants ranged from 5.83 to 33.8 μg/kg d.m., with a dominant share of low molecular weight PAHs. The application of sewage sludge caused an increase in the PAH content in plants in relation to the dose applied. However, even the highest doses of sewage sludge did not led to the increase of PAI-ls content in plants above the level which may be hazardous for human health. The bioconccntration factors were on the level notted by others authors and ranged from 0.04 to 0.38 for the sum of 16 PAH.
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Authors and Affiliations

Patryk Oleszczuk
Stanisław Baran
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Abstract

The objective of this research was to estimate bioavailable forms of choosen PAHs in sewage sludgeamended light soil. To estimate amount of bioavailable forms of PAHs the soil has been extracted with 25% tetrahydrofuran solution in water. Ultrasonic method and dichloromethane have been used to extract total content of PAHs. Influence of sludge dose on bioavailable PAHs content has been evaluated. Bioavailability of PAHs has been related to organic matter content in sewage sludge. High correlation between log Kow and level ofbioavailable forms of PAH's in soil has been noticed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Baran
Patryk Oleszczuk
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Abstract

In the presented work, relations between activity of dehydrogenase and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in light soil fertilised with sewage sludge was studied. Sewage sludge was introduced to the soil in the following doses: 30 Mg/ha, 75 Mg/ha, 150 Mg/ha, 300 Mg/ha and 600 Mg/ha. The content of PAI-ls in sewage sludge-amended soil was proportional to sewage sludge dose. Soil fertilisation with sewage sludge stimulated the activity of the dehydrogenase enzymes. With passing of time, a gradual decrease in the activity of dehydrogenase was observed. The coefficients of correlation between activity of the enzyme and PAH content showed that an addition of sewage sludge (with PAI-I content of 5712 μg/kg) had a stimulating effect on dehydrogenase activity in doses of 75 and 150 Mg/ha.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Baran
Elżbieta J. Bielińska
Patryk Oleszczuk
Ewa Baranowska

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