Abstrakt
Racecadotril, used as an antidiarrheal drug in humans and some animals such as the dog, inhibits peripheral enkephalinase, which degrades enkephalins and enkephalinase inhibition induces a selective increase in chloride absorption from the intestines. The study material consisted of 46 calves with infectious diarrhea and 14 healthy calves in the age 2-20 days. The calves were divided into eight groups; healthy calves (HG), healthy calves administered racecadotril (HRG), calves with E.coli-associated diarrhea (ECG), calves with E.coli-associated diarrhea administered racecadotril (ECRG), calves with bovine Rotavirus/Coronavirus-associated diarrhea (VG), calves with bovine Rotavirus/Coronavirus-associated diarrhea administered racecadotril (VRG), calves with C. parvum-associated diarrhea (CG) and calves with C. parvum-associated diarrhea administered racecadotril (CRG). Calves in the racecadotril groups received oral racecadotril at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg twice a day for 3 days. A routine clinical examination of all calves was performed. Hemogram and blood gas measurements were made from the blood samples. Standard diarrhea treatment was applied to the HG, ECG, CG, and VG groups. Clinical score parameters such as appetite, feces quality, dehydration, standing and death and some blood gas and hemogram parameters were evaluated to determine the clinical efficacy of racecadotril. Clinical score parameters were determined observationally. Blood gas measurements were performed using a blood gas analyzer. The hemogram was performed using an automated hematologic analyzer. Statistically significant differences were determined in the blood pH, bicarbonate, base deficit, lactate, and total leukocyte count in calves with diarrhea compared to healthy calves. After the treatments, these parameters were found to be within normal limits. At the end of treatment, 42 of the 46 diarrheal calves recovered, while 4 died. We found that racecadotril was effective in improving both clinical recovery and feces consistency in neonatal calves with diarrhea caused by E. coli. As a result, it can be stated that racecadotril, which has an antisecretory effect, is beneficial in the treatment of bacterial diarrhea caused by such as E. coli.
Przejdź do artykułu
Bibliografia
1. Al Mawly J, Grinberg A, Prattley D, Moffat J, Marshall J, French N (2015) Risk factors for neonatal calf diarrhoea and enteropathogen shedding in New Zealand dairy farms. Vet J 203: 155-160.
2. Amaral-Phillips DM, Scharko PB, Johns JT, Franklin S (2006) Feeding and managing baby calves from birth to 3 months of age. Univ Kentucky Coop Ext Serv 1-6.
3. Aydogdu U, Yildiz R, Guzelbektes H, Naseri A, Akyuz E, Sen I (2018) Effect of combinations of intravenous small-volume hypertonic sodium chloride, acetate Ringer, sodium bicarbonate, and lactate Ringer solutions along with oral fluid on the treatment of calf diarrhea. Pol J Vet Sci 21: 273-280.
4. Berchtold J (2009) Treatment of calf diarrhea: intravenous fluid therapy. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 25: 73-99.
5. Bergmann JF, Chaussade S, Couturier D, Baumer P, Schwartz JC, Lecomte JM (1992) Effects of acetorphan, an antidiarrhoeal enkephalinase inhibitor, on oro‐caecal and colonic transit times in healthy volunteers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 6: 305-313
6. Björkman C, Svensson C, Christensson B, De Verdier K (2003) Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis in calf diarrhoea in Sweden. Acta Vet Scand 44: 145-152.
7. Boranbayeva T, Karahan AG, Tulemissova Z, Myktybayeva R, Özkaya S (2020) Properties of a new probiotic candidate and lactobacte-rin-TK2 against diarrhea in calves. Probiotics Antimicrob 12: 918-928.
8. Constable PD (2009) Treatment of calf diarrhea: Antimicrobial and ancillary treatments. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 25: 101-120.
9. Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Done SH, Grünberg, W (2016) Veterinary medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. 11 th ed., Elsevier Health Sciences, St. Louis, pp:113-137.
10. Coskun A, Sen I, Guzelbektes H, Ok M, Turgut K, Canikli S (2010) Comparison of the effects of intravenous administration of isotonic and hypertonic sodium bicarbonate solutions on venous acid-base status in dehydrated calves with strong ion acidosis. J Am Vet Med 236: 1098-1103.
11. CVMP (2020) List of nationally authorised medicinal products Active substance: racecadotril. EMA/646224/2020.https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/psusa/racecadotrillist-nationally-authorised-medicinal-products-psusa/ 00002602/202003_en.pdf
12. Duval‐Iflah Y, Berard, H, Baumer P, Guillaume P, Raibaud P, Joulin Y, Lecomte JM (1999) Effects of racecadotril and loperamide on bacterial proliferation and on the central nervous system of the newborn gnotobiotic piglet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 6: 9-14.
13. Eberlin M, Mück T, Michel MC (2012) A comprehensive review of the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical effects of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor racecadotril. Front Pharmacol 3: 93
14. Field M (2003) Intestinal ion transport and the pathophysiology of diarrhea. J Clin Invest 111: 931-943.
15. Fischbach W, Andresen V, Eberlin M, Mueck T, Layer P (2016) A comprehensive comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of racecadotril with other treatments of acute diarrhea in adults. Front Med (Lausanne) 14: 44.
16. Gibbons JF, Boland F, Buckley JF, Butler F, Egan J, Fanning S, Markey BK, Leonard FC (2014) Patterns of antimicrobioal resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from cases of calf enteritis during the spring-calves season. Vet Microbiol 170: 73-80.
17. Hinterleitner TA, Petritsch W, Dimsity G, Berard H, Lecomte JM, Krejs GJ (1997) Acetorphan prevents cholera-toxin-induced water and electrolyte secretion in the human jejunum. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 9: 887-891.
18. Hodges K, Gill R (2010) Infectious diarrhea: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Gut Microbes 1: 4-21.
19. Katsoulos PD, Karatzia MA, Dovas CI, Filioussis G, Papadopoulos E, Kiossis E, Arsenopoulos K, Papadopoulos T, Boscos C, Karatzias H (2017) Evaluation of the In-Field Efficacy of Oregano Essential Oil Administration on the Control of Neonatal Diarrhea Syndrome in Calves. Res Vet Sci 115: 478–483.
20. Kumar B, Shekhar P, Kumar N (2010) A clinical study on neonatal calf diarrhoea. Intas Polivet 11: 233-235.
21. Lecomte JM (2000) An overview of clinical studies with racecadotril in adults. Int J Antimicrob Agents 14: 81-87.
22. Malik YS, Kumar N, Sharma K, Sharma R, Kumar HB, Anupamlal K, Kumari S, Shukla S, Chandrahekar KM (2013) Epidemiology and genetic diversity of rotavirus strains associated with acute gastroenteritis in bovine, porcine, poultry and human population of Madhya Pradesh, Central India, 2004–2008. Adv Anim Vet Sci 1: 111-115.
23. Matheson AJ, Noble S (2000) Racecadotril. Drugs 59: 829-835.
24. McGuirk SM (2008) Disease management of dairy calves and heifers. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 24: 139-153.
25. Megeed KN, Hammam AM, Morsy GH, Khalil FA, Seliem MM, Aboelsoued D (2015) Control of cryptosporidiosis in buffalo calves using garlic (Allium sativum) and nitazoxanide with special reference to some biochemical parameters. Glob Vet 14: 646-655.
26. Muheet AT, Ashraf I, Chhibber S, Soodan JS, Singh R, Muhee A, Nazim K, Majeed A (2018) The use of racecadotril as an effective adjunct therapeutic measure in the management of diarrhea. Pharma innov 7: 610-612.
27. Naylor JM (2009) Neonatal Calf Diarrhea. Food Anim Pract 2009 : 70-77.
28. Ok M, Guler L, Turgut K, Ok U, Sen I, Gunduz IK, Birdane MF, Güzelbektes H (2009) The studies on the aetiology of diarrhoea in neonatal calves and determination of virulence gene markers of Escherichia coli strains by multiplex PCR. Zoonoses Public Health 56: 94-101.
29. Ok M, Sevinc F, Ider M, Ceylan O, Erturk A, Ceylan C, Durgut, MK (2021) Evaluation of clinical efficacy of gamithromycin in the treatment of naturally infected neonatal calves with cryptosporidiosis. Eurasian J Vet Sci 37: 49-54.
30. Ok M, Yildiz R, Hatipoglu F, Baspinar N, Ider M, Üney K, Ertürk A, Durgut MK, Terzi F (2020) Use of intestine-related biomarkers for detecting intestinal epithelial damage in neonatal calves with diarrhea. Am J Vet Res 81: 139-146.
31. Primi MP, Bueno L, Baumer P, Berard H, Lecomte JM (1999) Racecadotril demonstrates intestinal antisecretory activity in vivo. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 6: 3-7.
32. Rachmilewitz D, Karmeli F, Chorev M, Selinger Z (1983) Effect of opiates on human colonic adenylate cyclase activity. Eur J Pharmacol 93: 169-173.
33. Renaud DL, Buss L, Wilms JN, Steele MA (2020) Technical note: Is fecal consistency scoring an accurate measure of fecal dry matter in dairy calves? J Dairy Sci 103: 10709-10714.
34. Renaud DL, Kelton DF, Weese JS, Noble C, Duffield TF (2019) Evaluation of a Multispecies Probiotic as a Supportive Treatment for Diarrhea in Dairy Calves: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Dairy Sci 102: 4498-4505.
35. Schwartz JC (2000) Racecadotril: a new approach to the treatment of diarrhoea. Int J Antimicrob Agents 14: 75-79.
36. Sen I, Altunok V, Ok M, Coskun A, Constable PD (2009) Efficacy of oral rehydration therapy solutions containing sodium bicarbonate or sodium acetate for treatment of calves with naturally acquired diarrhea, moderate dehydration, and strong ion acidosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 234: 926-934.
37. Sen I, Guzelbektes H, Yildiz R (2013) Neonatal Calf Diarrhea: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinic, Treatment and Prevention. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci 4: 71-8.
38. Singh N, Narayan S (2008) Racecadotril: A novel antidiarrheal. Med J. Armed Forces India 64: 361-362.
39. Smith GW, Berchtold J (2014) Fluid therapy in calves. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 30: 409-427.
40. Trefz FM, Constable PD, Lorenz I (2015) Quantitative physicochemical analysis of acid‐base balance and clinical utility of anion gap and strong ion gap in 806 neonatal calves with diarrhea. J Vet Intern Med 29: 678-687.
41. Trefz FM, Lorenz I, Lorch A, Constable PD (2017) Clinical signs, profound acidemia, hypoglycemia, and hypernatremia are predictive of mortality in 1,400 critically ill neonatal calves with diarrhea. PLoS One 12: e0182938.
42. Tsukano K, Kato S, Sarashina S, Abe I, Ajito T, Ohtsuka H, Suzuki K (2017) Effect of acetate Ringer’s solution with or without 5% dextrose administered intravenously to diarrheic calves. J Vet Med Sci 79: 795-800.
43. Tsunemitsu H, Smith DR, Saif LJ (1999) Experimental inoculation of adult dairy cows with bovine coronavirus and detection of coronavirus in feces by RT-PCR. Arch Virol 144: 167-175.
44. Turgut K, Ok M (1997) Veteriner Gastroenteroloji. 1st ed., Bahcıvanlar Basımevi, Konya, pp 362-383.
45. Urie NJ, Lombard JE, Shivley CB, Kopral CA, Adams AE, Earleywine TJ, Olson JD, Garry FB (2018) Preweaned Heifer Management on US Dairy Operations: Part V. Factors Associated with Morbidity and Mortality in Preweaned Dairy Heifer Calves. J Dairy Sci 101: 9229-9244.
46. WHO (2007) World Health Organization. Proposal for the inclusion of racecadotril in the WHO model list of essential medicines. WHO Essential medicines list for children: Racecadotril. Paris, France, p 23.
Przejdź do artykułu
pl
en
