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Number of results: 7
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Abstract

The floristic investigations were conducted on three spoil heaps situated in the town of Ruda Śląska. The aim of the study was to determine similarities and differences among spoil heaps based on qualitative and quantitative analyses of the flora. There were 248 species of vascular plants observed on the investigated objects. The native species (apophytes) dominate in the spoil heaps flora (above 80%). The most numerous life forms are hernicryptophytes. The rudera) and meadow species are the most abundant among ecological groups. The analysis of the ecological indicators shows predominance of heliophilous species, which prefer temperate thermal and moisture conditions. The investigated flora demonstrates large tolerance spectrum of trophism and pH of soil.
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Authors and Affiliations

Gabriela Woryna
Adam Rostański
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of the floristic investigation conducted - during two vegetation seasons 2000 and 2001 - on selected spoil heaps, the remnants of zinc and lead smelting works that existed in Ruda Śląska until the 1930's. A list of all recorded species was made. Every species was characterized with respect to its abundance in specified sites of the spoil heaps, the relative participation in the range of the geographicalhistorical groups as well as in ecological groups. The following characteristics were taken into account: life forms according to Raunkiaer classification, Grime CSR strategies and selected ecological indicator values (light, temperature, moisture, reaction and nitrogen content). A total of 166 species of vascular plants occur the surveyed spoil heaps. These belong to 45 different families. The most numerous is the Asreraceae family. The native species make approximately 85% of the flora. The spoil heaps are dominated by ruderal and meadow species, while the forest species are less abundant. Hemicryptophytes are the dominant group. Therophytes and phanerophytes are less abundant. These results may suggest that the sites be quite stabilized. The analysis of the ecological indicator values of the flora shows that the spoil heaps differ in terms of the species content (only 38% flora in common) and their floras demonstrate very close ecological requirements. The spoil heaps are the best habitat for the species which prefer full light and significant warmth though most of them do not stand too dry substrate conditions. The species show a wide range of requirements in respect to the nitrogen content and pH of the substrate. Grasses are the main component of the plant cover; these seem to be pioneer and very expansive species. The most abundant are Festuca ovina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrosris gigantea, Calamagrostis epigeios and Arrhenatherum elarius.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Mańczyk
Adam Rostański
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Abstract

Świętochłowice is a town located in a central part of Katowice conurbation (Silesian Voivodeship). The town has been industrially and anthropogenicaly changed, and a large area of it has been turned to postindustrial waste yard. A rich population of Epipactis palustris was discovered in 2001, in a north-westen part of the Świętochłowice district - Chropaczów, on a zinc and colliery heap. The population of Epipactis is numerous and of expanding tendencies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Rostański
Monika Michalska
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Abstract

Viola guestphalica Nauenb. and Viola calaminaria (Ging.) Lej. occur in extreme habitats (on sites of very high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil) in Germany, Belgium and Holland. The calamine violets were introduced on the zinc spoil heap in Katowice - Wełnowiec in 1996, 1998 and 2001. The calamine violets were fielded in the form of small clusters (the number of the overhead tillers from ranged 6 to 13). Since then the observations and detailed biometrical measurements were conducted. The investigated taxa were proven to be good accumulators, which accumulate high doses of metals without any symptoms of their toxic effect. The calamine violets are an interesting object of ecological and physiological research. Viola calaminaria and Viola guestphalica do not belong to expansive species and they are not a threat for the native flora, but they are open to extinction due too much interest of allotment's holders, other people and demolition of the investigated zinc spoil heap.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Jędrzejczyk
Katarzyna Bzdęga
Adam Rostański
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Abstract

Waste produced by deep coal mining is heaped up in the landscape, and remains there as foreign matter. Several attempts have been made to plant trees and shrubs on the soil substrate of post-industrial wastelands. But despite high financial expense reclamation often failed, because ecological principles were ignored. In European countries the optimum vegetation is represented by a forest (which is the final stage of natural succession) restoration was mainly done through forestation. Natural plant communities represent a finally balanced system and it would be reasonable to take this into account, especially when reclamation is concerned. Botanists, phytosociologists and ecologists are aware that natural development of a plant cover, particularly on row soils starts with pioneer species. They are characterized by their low demand with respect to site conditions, especially water and nutrient supply. The biotops, which are the natural source of these species, have largely disappeared, and the so-called technosoils do not own a seedbank.
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Authors and Affiliations

Gabriela Woźniak
Andrzej Pasierbiński
Adam Rostański

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