Cykl życia obudowy wyrobisk korytarzowych rozpoczyna się zdefiniowaniem potrzeby opracowania nowej obudowy lub doborem obudowy typowej, a kończy jej wyrabowaniem, podsadzeniem wyrobiska lub przejściem w zawał. Czas życia – funkcjonowania – zależy od przeznaczenia wyrobiska i może zmieniać się od kilku miesięcy do wielu lat. Na przestrzeni tego czasu, w różnych etapach stosowane są specjalistyczne programy komputerowe CAE (ang. Computer Aided Engineering – komputerowe wspomaganie prac inżynierskich) wspomagające projektantów i użytkowników w projektowaniu i użytkowaniu obudowy. W Głównym Instytucie Górnictwa powstało wiele programów wspomagających projektowanie i dobór obudowy wyrobisk korytarzowych. Należy tu wymienić opisane dalej programy do projektowania odrzwi, doboru obudowy, oceny jej stanu technicznego oraz zbierania informacji o jej pracy w wyrobisku. Pierwszym programem stosowanym w procesie projektowania obudowy jest program ODRZWIA. Pozwala on na zaprojektowanie geometrii odrzwi obudowy. Użytkownik wprowadza parametry poszczególnych elementów – długości i promienie krzywizny oraz określa wielkość zakładek. Dysponując geometrią odrzwi możliwe jest określenie ich parametrów podpornościowch, w czym stosowane jest komercyjne oprogramowanie do analiz wytrzymałościowych. Uzyskane z analiz parametry podpornościowe są wykorzystywane w procesie doboru obudowy, w którym stosowany jest program UZDO, oparty na „Uproszczonych zasadach doboru obudowy...” (Rułka red. 2001) W programie tym po zdefiniowaniu parametrów skał i górotworu w otoczeniu wyrobiska oblicza się obciążenie, jakie będzie działać na obudowę, a po wybraniu z wbudowanego katalogu konkretnych odrzwi obliczany jest ich rozstaw. W dalszej kolejności użytkowania wyrobiska i obudowy stosowane są programy do analizy ich pracy (ANKIETA), a także do oceny ich stanu technicznego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem stopnia skorodowania (KOROZJA).

Steel arch-rectangular support has a wide range of applications in Polish coal mines due to its asymmetrical shape. The frame has an arched outline on one side of the side wall, while on the opposite side it is rectangular. As a result, the support is ideal for securing set up room and recovery room. It can also be successfully used to secure three-way intersections of underground workings. To a large extent, however, the importance of these advantages is diminished by relatively low load-bearing parameters, resulting from a partially straight canopy, as well as the asymmetrical distribution of the load acting on the support in underground conditions. In order to ensure the proper and optimal operation of such frames, in addition to the standard requirements for roof supports, additional conditions must be met. The basic requirement is to support the end of the canopy on the corner of the excavation. This article presents examples of arch-rectangular supports, their applications as well as laboratory tests and strength analysis of the frames and its elements. These tests allowed the requirements regarding the construction of the frame, the selection of the support and the conditions of building in the excavation to be specified.

Steel yielding arch support constructed of V profiles is commonly used to protect galleries and, in some cases, to reinforce or secure a shaft support. For this purpose, a closed, circular-shaped arch support is used, with arches overlapped by clamps that are typical for this type of construction. The support has high resistance to the impact of even (distributed over the entire surface of the support) load, however, as a result of significant deformation associated with a change in the radius of the curvatures, the support shows limited yielding capacity. This is due to the increase in resistance to slide on the locks, resulting from changes in the geometry of the ring caused by the rock mass. This article presents the results of research and analysis concerning the elements of the arch support with notches in arches. The research team tested the effect of the depth and location of the notches of the section’s flanges on the load impacting on the clamp’s bolts and the strength of the roof support. Moreover, the tests covered the influence of the number and location of clamps in a frictional joint on the change in the nature of work and yielding capacity. Finally, the research included both strength tests of the support’s elements, as well as strength analyses based on the finite element method.

In recent years, the Vietnamese coal mining industry has observed a dynamic increase in both its production and efficiency. In Vietnam, the most precious type of coal is anthracite, which is found in the Quang Ninh province. Industrial anthracite deposits are estimated to be over 2 billion Mg. At present, coal deposits are extracted mostly by the underground method. Coal production is gradually increasing in the underground mines in the Quang Ninh area and it is expected to constitute about 75% of the country’s total coal production in 2030. This involves an increase in the number and length of underground workings.

Cam Pha is the largest coal basin of Vietnam, located in the Quang Ninh province. So far, the yearly length of underground workings driven in underground mines in the Cam Pha basin is roughly 90÷150 km. About 84 % of these underground workings are supported by the steel arch support made of SWP profile. A similar situation can be observed in Russia, Ukraine, China, India and Turkey. In addition, the average length of repaired underground workings in the Cam Pha basin constitutes approximately 30% of the total length driven . The main cause was reported is loss of underground workings stability. This requires significant material and labour costs as well as the cost of replacing damaged elements. Additionally, it disturbs the continuity of the mining operations.

This article presents the results of the numerical modelling of the rock mass around underground workings driven in typical geo-mining conditions for underground coal mines in the Cam Pha basin, supported by the steel arch support made of SWP and V profiles. As a result of the conducted analyses, the range of failure zone of the rock mass around underground workings and the distribution of reduced stress in the steel arch support elements were determined. The effort states of the steel arch support made of SWP22 profile and V21 profile were compared. The simulations considered different inclinations angle of coal seam, following the structure of the rock mass in the Cam Pha basin. The analysis was carried out using the based-finite difference method code, FLAC2D. Based on the obtained results, actions for improving the stability of underground workings driven in the underground mines of the Cam Pha basin were proposed.

This article presents the results of experimental studies aimed at identifying the forces and acceleration during the riding and braking action of a suspended monorail. The tests were conducted under in situ conditions, in a dip-heading “B” ZG SILTECH in Zabrze. The paper also discusses a test stand, a metering system, and presents the impact of changes in speed on forces in slings of the suspended route. The measurements of selected parameters were performed for three variants: the route, the emergency haulage braking and the braking trolley set braking. The results include waveforms of forces in route slings, and acceleration values acting on the operator and transported load.