In the present work, a procedure for the estimation of internal damping in a cracked rotor system is described. The internal (or rotating) damping is one of the important rotor system parameters and it contributes to the instability of the system above its critical speed. A rotor with a crack during fatigue loading has rubbing action between the two crack faces, which contributes to the internal damping. Hence, internal damping estimation also can be an indicator of the presence of a crack. A cracked rotor system with an offset disc, which incorporates the rotary and translatory of inertia and gyroscopic effect of the disc is considered. The transverse crack is modeled based on the switching crack assumption, which gives multiple harmonics excitation to the rotor system. Moreover, due to the crack asymmetry, the multiple harmonic excitations leads to the forward and backward whirls in the rotor orbit. Based on equations of motions derived in the frequency domain (full spectrum), an estimation procedure is evolved to identify the internal and external damping, the additive crack stiffness and unbalance in the rotor system. Numerically, the identification procedure is tested using noisy responses and bias errors in system parameters.

In the rotor system, depending upon the ratio of rotating (internal) damping and stationary (external) damping, above the critical speed may develop instability regions. The crack adds to the rotating damping due to the rubbing action between two faces of a breathing crack. Therefore, there is a need to estimate the rotating damping and other system parameters based on experimental investigation. This paper deals with a physical model based an experimental identification of the rotating and stationary damping, unbalance, and crack additive stiffness in a cracked rotor system. The model of the breathing crack is considered as of a switching force function, which gives an excitation in multiple harmonics and leads to rotor whirls in the forward and backward directions. According to the rotor system model considered, equations of motion have been derived, and it is converted into the frequency domain for developing the estimation equation. To validate the methodology in an experimental setup, the measured time domain responses are converted into frequency domain and are utilized in the developed identification algorithm to estimate the rotor parameters. The identified parameters through the experimental data are used in the analytical rotor model to generate responses and to compare them with experimental responses.

PCFs (Photonic Crystal Fibers) with ‘T’ – shaped core have been proposed in this paper. ‘T’ –shaped core PCF structures have been analyzed using two different background materials: silica and lead silicate. A total of 3600 rotation at an interval of 900 has been introduced in the design of PCF structures. PCF structures A, B, C and D with rotation of 00, 900, 1800 and 2700 have silica as wafer. Similarly PCF structures E, F, G and H with similar rotation have lead silicate as background material. Numerical investigations shows structures ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ and ‘H’ to have anomalous dispersion. PCF structures ‘F’, ‘G’, and ‘H’ have reported birefringence of the order of 10-2. Besides, other PCF structures report birefringence of the order of 10-3. Ultra low confinement loss has been observed in all the investigated PCF structures. Moreover, splice loss observed by the structure is very low. Large mode area has been shown by all the designed PCF structures.

In the present investigation optical, electro-optical and dielectric properties have been measured for nematic liquid crystal (NLC) material 1550C which consists of 4’-(trans, trans-4-alkylbicyclohexyl) carbonates and 4’-(4-(trans,trans-4-alkyl)-4-cyanobicyclohexane, dispersed with fluorescent dye (Benzo 2,1,3 Thiadiazole) in two different concentrations. Photoluminescence has been enhanced for a dye dispersed system which is the key finding of this investigation. UV absorbance study has also been performed and found to be increased for composite system. Enhanced birefringence after dispersion of dye into pure NLC is also a prominent result of this investigation. Relative permittivity, threshold voltage and dielectric anisotropy have also been measured and found to be increased. The outcome of the present work may be very useful in the construction of liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

The study on water erosion in the catchment basin of the Jeleni Brook was carried out in the years 1995–1999. The catchment of the Jeleni Brook has complex relief, receives frequent pre-cipitations and thus is more threatened by water erosion. Soil cultivation and water from quickly melting snow can also be the factors affecting soil erosion. Waters from the melting snow produce rills of the following dimensions (mean values): width from 11.5 to 13.6 cm, depth – from 6.4 to 7.1 cm and length – from 39 to 112 m. The mean values of soil losses vary from 0.5 to 2.02 t·ha–1.

Erosion caused by intensive storm precipitation occurs less frequently but makes much higher soil losses. One of the registered incidents shows that 51.6 t·ha–1 (4.5 mm of soil layer) can be washed out from the area of 0.66 ha. Combined effect of outwashing and ploughing in lower parts of slopes created new forms of relief such as agricultural terraces (escarps). Agricultural terraces assume the shape of scarps up to 2 m high and of different length (e.g. 150 m) along with the land use border-lines between e.g. forest and field or field and grassland.

Agriculturally used soils within this catchment need protection based mainly on agrotechnical measures or on alteration of land use. Some areas should be afforested.

This paper presents a mathematical model of a power controller for a high-frequency induction heating system based on a modified half-bridge series resonant inverter. The output real power is precise over the heating coil, and this real power is processed as a feedback signal that contends a closed-loop topology with a proportional-integral-derivative controller. This technique enables both control of the closed-loop power and determination of the stability of the high-frequency inverter. Unlike the topologies of existing power controllers, the proposed topology enables direct control of the real power of the high-frequency inverter.