[1] Zhu Y., Luo J., Liu F.: Influence of blade lean together with blade clocking on the overall aerodynamic performance of a multi-stage turbine. Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 80(2018), 329–336.
[2] Tulsidasa D., Shantharaja M.: Effect of taper and twisted blade in steam turbine. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Manage. 4(2015), 1, 319–325.
[3] Lampart P., Gardzilewicz A., Rusanov A., Yershov S.: The effect of stator blade compound lean and twist on flow characteristics of a turbine stage – numerical study based on 3D NS simulations. In: Proc. 2nd Symp. on Comp. Technologies for Fluid/Thermal/ Chemical Systems with Industrial Applications, ASME PVP Div. Conf., 1-5 Aug. 1999, Boston, 397(1999), 195–204.
[4] Benner M.W., Sjolander S.A., Moustapha S.H.: Influence of leading-edge geometry on profile losses in turbines at off-design incidence: Experimental results and an improved correlation. J. Turbomach. 119(1997), 193–200.
[5] Lee J.F.: Theory and Design of Steam and Gas Turbines. McGraw-Hill, London 1999.
[6] Oprea I., Negreanu G.: Research on the long blades of the steam turbine. In: Proc. Conf.: METIME 2005, 2005.
[7] Stodola A.: The Steam Turbine and the Future of Heat Engines. St. Petersburg 1904 (in Russian).
[8] Shcheglyaev A.V.: Steam turbines. Thermal Process Theory and Turbine Construction. Vol. 2, (6th Edn.). Energoatomizdat, Moscow 1993 (in Russian).
[9] Kazandzhan P.K., Tikhonov N.D.: Theory of Aircraft Engines. The Theory of Blade Machines: Part 1. Mechanical Engineering, Moscow 1995 (in Russian).
[10] Kostyuk A.G.: Some pressing problems of design and modernization of steam turbines. Therm. Power Eng. 4(2005), 16–27 (in Russian).
[11] Ainley D.G.; Mathieson C.R.: An Examination of the Flow and Pressure Losses in Blade Rows of Axial-Flow Turbines. Aeronaut. Res. Counc. Rep. Memo. Techn. Rep. 2891, London 1955.
[12] Osipov S.K.: Computational and experimental study of variants of the LP flow parts in order to increase their throughput. PhD thesis, National Research University Moscow Energy Institute, Moscow 2019.
[13] Baljé O.: Turbomachines – A Guide to Design, Selection and Theory. Wiley & Sons, New York 1981.
[14] Craig H.R.M., Cox H.J.A.: Performance estimation of axial flow turbines. P.I. Mech. Eng. 185(1970), 1, 407–424.
[15] Trukhny A.D.: Stationary Steam Turbines (2nd Ed.). Energoatomizdat, Moscow 1990 (in Russian).
[16] Diakunchak I.S., Gaul G.R., McQuiggan G., Southall L.R.: Siemens Westinghouse Advanced Turbine Systems Program Final Summary. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. GT–2002–30654, 2002.
[17] Scoretz M., Williams R.: Industrial Steam Turbine Value Packages. GE Energy, Atlanta 2008.
[18] Minchener A.: Developments in China’s coal-fired power sector. IEA Clean Coal Centre., London 2010,
[19] Rusanov A., Rusanov R., Lampart P.: Designing and updating the flow part of axial and radial-axial turbines through mathematical modelling. Open Eng. 5(2015), 399–410.
[20] Yershov S., Rusanov A., Gardzilewicz A., Lampart P.: Calculations of 3D viscous compressible turbomachinery flows. In: Proc. 2nd Symp. on Comp. Technologies for Fluid/Thermal/Chemical Systems with Industrial Applications. ASME PVP Division Conf., 1–5 August 1999, Boston, PVP, 397.2(1999), 143–154.
[21] Godunov S.K., Zabrodin A.V., Ivanov M.Ya. et al.: Numerical Solution of Multidimensional Problems of Gas Dynamics. Nauka, Moskow 1976 (in Russian).
[22] Rusanov A.V., Lampart P., Pashchenko N.V., Rusanov R.A.: Modelling 3D steam turbine flow using thermodynamic properties of steam IAPWS-95. Pol. Marit. Res. 23(2016), 1(89), 61–67.
[23] Lampart P., Rusanov A., Yershov S., Marcinkowski S., Gardzilewicz A.: Validation of 3D RANS Solver with a state equation of thermally perfect and calorically imperfect gas on a multi-stage low-pressure steam turbine flow. J. Fluid. Eng. – T ASME 127(2005), 83–93.
[24] Lampart P., Yershov S., Rusanov A., Szymaniak M.: Tip leakage/main flow interaction in multi-stage HP turbines with short-height blading. In: Proc. ASME Turbo Expo 2004 5 B, 1359–1367.

[1] Rosenkranz G.: Myths of Nuclear Energy. How we are deceived by the Energy Lobby. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Brussels 2010.
[2] Duffey R., Pioro I.: Ensuring the Future of Nuclear Power. ASME Mech. Eng. 141(2019), 11, 30–35.
[3] Moore Ch., Brown S., Alparslan U., Cremona E., Alster G.: European Electricity Review 6-month update H1-2021. Ember, July 2021. https://emberclimate.org/project/european-electricity-review-h1-2021/ (accessed 16 Sept. 2021).
[4] Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market and amending Directive 92/42/EEC. O.J.L 52/50, 11 Feb. 2004, p. 60.
[5] Alparslan U.: Turkey, Ukraine and Western Balkan countries compete for top spot in coal power air pollution in Europe. Ember, May 25, 2021. https://emberclimate.org/commentary/2021/05/25/coal-power-air-pollution/ (accessed 16 Sept. 2021).
[6] Maradin D.: Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources utilization. Int. J. Energ. Econ. Policy 11(2021), 3, 176-183.
[7] Nuclear Power in the European Union. World-Nuclear Assoc. rep. Feb. 2021. https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/europeanunion.aspx (accessed 16 Sept. 2021).
[8] Nuclear Power in the World Today. World-Nuclear Assoc. rep., June 2021. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-powerin-the-world-today.aspx (accessed 16 Sept. 2021).
[9] Ojovan M.I., Lee W.E.: An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation. Elsevier, Amsterdam 2005.
[10] Energoatom and Westinghouse strengthen bilateral cooperation. Energoatom. https://www.energoatom.com.ua/en/press_center-19/company-20/p/energoatom_ and_westinghouse_strengthen_bilateral_cooperation-47995 (accessed 20 Sept. 2021).
[11] Hibbs M.: The Future of Nuclear Power in China. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC 2018.
[12] EIA Open Data. U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/ (accessed 15 Aug. 2021).
[13] Jun G., Kolovratník M., Hoznedl M.: Wet steam flow in 1100 MW turbine. Arch. Thermodyn. 42(2021), 3, 63–85.
[14] Shvetsov V., Galatsan V.: PJSC “Turboatom” works in modernization and improvement of NPP turbines. Bull. National Technical University “KhPI”, ser. Power Heat Eng. Process. Equip. (2007), 2, 6–10 (in Russian).
[15] Lifetime extension of SE ZNPP power units. Zaporizhzhia NPP. https://www.npp.zp.ua/en/activities/lifetime-extension (accessed 15 Sept. 2021).
[16] Nuclear Power in Ukraine. World-Nuclear Association, rep. from Aug. 2021. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/ukraine.aspx (accessed 16 Sept. 2021).
[17] Yershov S., Rusanov A., Gardzilewicz A., Lampart P.: Calculations of 3D viscous compressible turbomachinery flows. In: Proc. 2nd Symp. on Comp. Technologies for Fluid/Thermal/Chemical Systems with Industrial Applications. ASME PVP Division Conf., 1-5 August 1999, Boston, PVP, 397.2(1999), 143–154.
[18] Menter F.R.: Two-equation eddy viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA J. 32 (1994), 8, 1598–1605.
[19] Rusanov A.V., Lampart P., Pashchenko N.V., Rusanov R.A.: Modelling 3D steam turbine flow using thermodynamic properties of steam IAPWS-95. Pol. Marit. Res. 23(2016), 1, 61–67.
[20] Rusanov A., Rusanov R., Klonowicz P., Lampart P., Zywica G., Borsukiewicz A.: Development and experimental validation of real fluid models for CFD calculation of ORC and steam turbine flows. Materials 14(2021), 6879.
[21] Lampart P., Gardzilewicz A., Rusanov A., Yershov S.: The effect of stator blade compound lean and twist on flow characteristics of a turbine stage - numerical study based on 3D RANS simulations. In: Proc. 2nd Symp. on Comp. Technologies for Fluid/Thermal/Chemical Systems with Industrial Applications, ASME PVP Div. Conf., 1–5 Aug. 1999, Boston 397.2 (1999), 195–204.
[22] Fischer P.F., Venugopal M.: A commercial CFD application on a shared memory multiprocessor using MPI. Editor(s): In: Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics 1995 (A. Ecer, J. Periaux, N. Satdfuka, S. Taylor, Eds.). North-Holland, 1996, 231– 238.
[23] Rusanov A., Rusanov R., Lampart P.: Designing and updating the flow part of axial and radial-axial turbines through mathematical modeling. Open Eng. 5(2015), 399–410.
[24] Kosiak Yu.F.: Steam Turbine for Nuclear Power Plants. Energia, Moscow 1978 (in Russian).
[25] Akkerman G., Hampel R., Hentshel G.: Investigation of the operating modes of NPP with VVER. Teploenergetika (1976), 11, 85–87 (in Russian).
[26] Miettinen E., Loukia A., Vuorennaia A.: Experience in setting up and operating the turbine unit of the NPP “Loviisa-1”. Teploenergetika (1980), 2, 36–40 (in Russian).
[27] Konovalov G.M., Korsh A.K., Pomerantsev L.I.: Efficiency of serial NPP units with a capacity of 440 MW with VVER 440 reactors. Teploenergetika (1975), 9, 52–56 (in Russian).
[28] Arkadiev B.A.: Nuclear Power Plant Turbine Operation Modes. Energoizdat, Moscow 1986 (in Russian).