In this work genetic programming is applied to the problem of generating maximum entanglement in multi-qubit systems of different structures. We provide quantum circuits that prepares multipartite entangled states in systems consisting of up to 8 qubits. We present results pertaining to the minimum size of a quantum circuit preparing a maximally entangled multi-qubit state in cases of reduced sets of quantum gates that correspond to spin chain quantum systems.

Over the next 20 years, Poland's most important developmental objectives should be to create a knowledge-based economy and to curtail the scope of unemployment and poverty.

In this work we provide a method for approximating the separable numerical range of a matrix. We also recall the connection between restricted numerical range and entanglement of a quantum state. We show the possibility to establish state separability using computed restricted numerical range. In particular we present a method to obtain separability criteria for arbitrary system partition with use of the separable numerical range.

2-phase composites are often used for high demanding parts that can undergo impact loads. However, most of the papers on dynamic loading concerns layered composites. In our opinion, the impact loads are not considered thoroughly enough. Good examples of 2-phase composites are: (1) a WC/Co cermet or (2) a monolithic ceramic Al2O3/ZrO2. The WC/Co cermet is often modelled as having ductile elasto-plastic Co matrix and ideally elastic WC grains. It is because of very high crushing resistivity of the WC.

In this paper, we present an extension to earlier elaborated models ([44]) with the assumption of ideal elasticity of the grains. The new and general numerical model for high-velocity impact of the 2-phase composites is proposed. The idea of this novelty relies on the introduction of crushability of grains in the composite and thermo-mechanical coupling. The model allows for description of the dynamic response both composite polycrystals made of: (1) 2 different purely elastic phases (e.g. Al2O3/ZrO2) or (2) one elastic phase and the second one plastic (e.g. cermet WC/Co), or (3) 2 elasto-plastic phases with different material properties and damage processes. In particular, the analysis was limited to the cases (2) and (3), i.e. we investigated the WC/Co polycrystal that impacted a rigid wall with the initial velocity equal to 50 m/s.

One of important resistance parameters introduced into engineering calculations for selection of materials and evaluation of their operating properties is material crack resistance. Contrary to the stationary fracture toughness K1c, J," the dynamic fracture toughness K,d, J,d, ~ is also an important parameter. In this paper, the authors have evaluated the relation between the parameters of the dynamical fractures toughness and the structure as well as impact resistance in chosen frictionally welded joints. The above-mentioned joints are made of the following steel parts: N9E-45, 18G2A-St3S, St3S-45, 40H-45, 18G2A-40H. In this experiment, the instrumented bending impact test was used.

Some active ingredient of herbicides, after application, can create a risk for ground and surface water. The aim of investigations was monitoring of herbicidal pollution in ground and surface water on arable areas. The investigations were conducted in the years 2000-2002. The samples were collected (from stationary points located in the south-west Poland) twice a year (in spring and autumn about 3-6 weeks after nominal term of herbicide application). Surface water was sampled in 27 points and ground water in 18 wells. The residues of herbicide active ingredients (triazine and phenoxy acids) were determined using HPLC methods with UV detection and GLC method with ECD detection. The residues of active compounds in surface water (in spring and autumn) were detected. Residues at concentrations exceeding the EU safety standards were detected most frequently in springtime. The contamination levels in excess admissible limits were found in ca. 15% of surface water samples. In ground water (from wells) residues were detected sporadically and its level was very low (ca. 0.01- 0.1 mg=dm").

Przestrzenne konstrukcje prętowe nazywane często strukturami przestrzennymi znalazły szerokie zastosowanie w świecie, szczególnie zaś w przekryciach obiektów o dużych rozpiętościach. Projektowanie obiektów w których znajdują zastosowanie prętowe struktury przestrzenne o skomplikowanej geometrii jej często poprzedzane licznymi badaniami teoretycznymi i modelowymi. Jednym z etapów projektowania, istotnym z punktu widzenia optymalizacji geometrycznej struktury jest wybór odpowiedniej metody wyznaczania jej morfologii. Opisując zjawiska zachodzące w naturze oraz sposób ich adaptacji do procesu projektowania architektoniczno-konstrukcyjnego autor przedstawia wyniki zastosowania metody analogii potencjałów energetycznych. Inspirację opracowania tej metody stanowi prawo Coulomba - przyjmując, że węzły dowolnej siatki przestrzennej są ładunkami elektrycznymi o ściśle określonych wartościach można otrzymać układ geometryczny w którym wszystkie elementy wzajemnie na siebie oddziałują. Ładunki przyjmą pozycje w przestrzenni dla których suma wzajemnych oddziaływań między nimi będzie najmniejsza. Będzie to układ najkorzystniejszy energetycznie. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono rezultaty optymalizacji wykonanych z pomocą modeli i symulacji cyfrowych opracowanych przez autora, poddanych następnie uproszczonym analizom statycznym. Wyniki pokazano za pomocą zaproponowanych przez autora wskaźników efektywności.

The research issues discussed in the paper concentrate on the participation of the municipal services sector in shaping local development in the commune. The aim of the study is to verify the actual level of involvement of this sector in the development process of the commune, and the thesis is: “The activities of the municipal services sector are one of the factors shaping local development in the commune.” The basic research method is a critical review of domestic and foreign literature and participant observation.

W artykule Autor poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytanie, dlaczego w małych miastach województwa białostockiego okresu międzywojennego doszło do stosowania brutalnej przemocy przez niektórych mieszkańców narodowości polskiej, przy zróżnicowanym udziale Niemców, wobec obywateli polskich narodowości żydowskiej.

W pracy Autor odwołał się do tożsamości pogranicza jako kategorii socjologii pogranicza, która umożliwia analizę występujących na omawianym pograniczu polsko-żydowskim dwóch niemal przeciwstawnych typów tożsamości zbiorowych. Wskazano na pięć głównych wymiarów podziałów społecznych (przestrzenne, religijne, poststanowe, narodowe, cywilizacyjne) oraz na więź terytorialną, jako czynnik łączności międzygrupowej. W podsumowaniu Autor wskazuje na brak działań ze strony zewnętrznych aktorów politycznych i kulturowych w warunkach narastania procesów modernizacyjnych w małych miastach.

W perspektywie najbliższych dwudziestu lat najważniejszym celem rozwoju Polski powinno być tworzenie gospodarki opartej na wiedzy oraz zmniejszanie obszarów bezrobocia i biedy.

Velocity is one of the main navigation parameters of moving objects. However some systems of position estimation using radio wave measurements cannot provide velocity data due to limitation of their performance. In this paper a velocity measurement method for the DS-CDMA radio navigation system is proposed, which does not require full synchronization of reference stations carrier frequencies. The article presents basics of FDOA (frequency difference of arrival) velocity measurements together with application of this method to an experimental radio navigation system called AEGIR and with some suggestions about the possibility to implement such FDOA measurements in other kinds of asynchronous DS-CDMA radio networks. The main part of this paper present results of performance evaluation of the proposed method, based on laboratory measurements

This article describes the results of the pilot stage of qualitative fi eld research on Russian social memory in the second half of the 1980s. The aim of the research was to reveal what is the image of perestroika preserved in today’s social memory of those Russians who remember the events of those years. The main objective of the pilot stage was the identifi cation of the lexicon of terms and the set of concepts used to verbalize the memories of the perestroika period, as well as the caesuras and temporal characteristics related to the memory of this time. The results are outlined in the main topics, terms and concepts that pop up in conversations with respondents.

The new evaluation rules proposed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education in July 2018 are set to cure some of the ailments of the existing system, notably the “punktoza” phenomenon (i.e. publishing for volume, not scientific quality). However, it should be pointed out that the method of fixing old “bugs” might in fact create some new ones. In this article I discuss three elements of the proposed regulations, namely: the principle of “inheritance of prestige”, treatment of chapters in edited volumes, and possible variants of ministerial registry of academic publishers. To address those issues empirically I use an existing dataset covering citation of books in 2009–2013 (Torres-Salinas et al. 2014). While the new evaluation rules apply relatively high value to chapters in edited volumes, they in fact have disproportionately low scientific impact. What is more, the correlation between citation of books and chapters in edited volumes is very low, casting doubt on the assumed “inheritance of publishers' prestige”. Finally, there seems to be a high risk that the registry of publishers will not reproduce the exponential distribution observed in the actual structure of scientific impact (and apparently sought by the new system), thereby jeopardizing validity of such evaluation.

In the article, the author presents the basic relations between a nation state and a multicultural society. According to the author, the attitude of the nation state and the dominant nation in the state to the phenomenon of cultural diversity of society is a key phenomenon in the theory and practice of multiculturalism. Namely, the nation state is characterized by two strategies defining the attitude to the cultural diversity of society. It is a strategy of cultural homogenization and a pluralistic. The emergence of a pluralistic strategy begins with the occurrence and eventual growth of phenomena and processes referred to as multiculturalism and multicultural society.