This is a profile of Ateneum Wileńskie, an annual published by the Society of the Friends of Science in Wilno in 1923–1939 with the financial support of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education. It featured articles on the history of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and played an important role in the popularization of research in the field of political history, law, culture, social and economic history and historical sources of Lithuania in the 16th–19th century. Ateneum Wileńskie was one of the leading academic periodicals in Poland, and most of the materials that were published by it have retained their value.