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Abstract

Coal waste stockpiles – as artificial formations being a result of the exploitation of underground coal deposits – are constantly influenced by external factors, such as rock mass movements affecting the stability of the stockpile body and changing weather conditions, leading to a cycle of aerological phenomena which intensify the self-heating of the deposited material. Together with the occurrence of external factors, the stored material is also characterised by a set of internal features (also called genetic) that have a direct impact on the kinetics of the self-heating reaction.

The paper focuses mainly on the issue of external factors such as the inclination angle of the stockpile, erosion of the slopes and thermal insulation of the layers of the stored material, which affect the phenomenon of self-heating of the material. Studies of impact of these factors on the thermal stability of coal waste stockpiles are important in the aspect of secondary exploitation of the stockpiles as well as during their reclamation or revitalisation. The numerical solutions presented in the paper should be treated as guidelines that define the directions of analysis for specific cases.

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Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Skotniczny
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

One of the most hazardous places in mines are longwall areas. They emit a considerable amount of methane to the ventilation air. The emission depends on many but mostly known factors. The article presents the research results on changes in the methane concentration along the longwall excavations and longwall. The distributions were obtained based on a measurement experiment at the ZG Brzeszcze mine in Poland. The author’s research aimed to experimentally determine the concentration of methane as a function of the length of excavation for the longwall excavations and longwall. As a result, methane concentration trends along the excavations were obtained. The conclusions show the pros and cons of the method used, and it allows to set the right direction in the development of measurement systems and sensors.
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Bibliography

[1] S .R. Deokar, J.S. Wakode, Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Alerting System. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, 3, 2146-2149 (2017).
[2] D .A. Jakkan, P. Bhagat, Coal Mine Monitoring System Based on Wireless Technology and ARM . International Journal of Engineering Research 2, 6 (2013).
[3] M . Li, Y. Liu, Underground Coal Mine Monitoring with Wireless Sensor Networks. ACM Trans. Sen. Netw. 5, 1-29 (2009). DOI : https://doi.org/10.1145/1498915.1498916
[4] L . Liao, G. Lou, M. Chen, An Integrated RFID and Sensor System for Emergency Handling in Underground Coal Mines Environments. In J. Zheng, S. Mao, S.F. Midkiff, H. Zhu, (Eds.); Ad Hoc Networks, Springer Berlin Heidelberg 28, 818-824 (2010). DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11723-7_56 [5] F . Ma, Sensor Networks-Based Monitoring and Fuzzy Information Fusion System for Underground Gas Disaster. In Proceedings of the 2012 9th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, 596-600 (2012).
[6] M .A. Moridi, M. Sharifzadeh, Y. Kawamura, H.D. Jang, Development of Wireless Sensor Networks for Underground Communication and Monitoring Systems (the Cases of Underground Mine Environments). Tunneling and Underground Space Technology 73, 127-138 (2018). DOI : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.12.015
[7] A . Zagórecki, Application of Sensor Fusion and Data Mining for Prediction of Methane Concentration in Coal Mines. Mining – Informatics, Automation and Electrical Engineering 43, 4 (2015).
[8] H . Zhao, W. Yang, An Emergency Rescue Communication System and Environmental Monitoring Subsystem for Underground Coal Mine Based on Wireless Mesh Network. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. N. 14, (2018). DOI : https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147718805935
[9] Polish Legal Act, Dz.U. 2017 poz. 1118, Rozporządzenie Ministra Energii z Dnia 23 Listopada 2016 r.
[10] A . Tomczyk, K. Rutecki, Monitorowanie i Kontrola Zmian Ciśnienia Atmosferycznego Kopalni dla Potrzeb Bezpieczeństwa. Mechanizacja i Automatyzacja Górnictwa 47, 7, 99-107 (2009).
[11] S . Wasilewski, Modern Systems of Gas Hazard Monitoring in Polish Hard Coal Mines. Arch. Min. Sci. 53, 4, 511-524 (2008).
[12] H . Badura, D. Araszczuk, Analiza Zagrożenia Metanowego w Ścianie G-6 w Pokładzie 412\lg+\ld i 412\lg w KWK „A” – Studium Przypadku. Przegląd Górniczy 73, 47-55 (2017).
[13] W . Dziurzyński; P. Skotniczny, J. Krawczyk, M. Gawor, T. Pałka, P. Ostrogórski, J. Kruczkowski, J. Janus, Wytyczne Rozmieszczenia Anemometrów Stacjonarnych Wzdłuż Długości Wyrobiska Kopalni jak i w Samym Polu Przekroju Poprzecznego Wyrobiska. In: Zasady pomiarów przepływów powietrza w wyrobiskach kopalnianych. Wybrane sposoby kontroli i kalibracji przyrządów pomiarowych (2017).
[14] J. Kruczkowski, Rozkład Stężeń Metanu w Wyrobiskach Przyścianowych. In Zagrożenia aerologiczne w kopalniach węgla kamiennego – profilaktyka, zwalczanie, modelowanie, monitoring; Główny Instytut Górnictwa (2013).
[15] P. Skotniczny, Transient States in the Flow of the Air-Methane Mixture at the Longwall Outlet, Induced by a Sudden Methane Outflow. Arch. Min. Sci. 59, 4, 887-896 (2014). DOI : https://doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2014-0061
[16] A . Zagórecki, Prediction of Methane Outbreaks in Coal Mines from Multivariate Time Series Using Random Forest. In Proceedings of the Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing; Y. Yao, Q. Hu, H. Yu, J.W. Grzymala-Busse, (Eds.) Springer International Publishing: Cham, 494-500 (2015).
[17] H . Badura, A. Niewiadomski, Jednodniowe prognozy średniego stężenia metanu na wylocie z rejonu wentylacyjnego jako podstawa do doboru środków profilaktyki metanowej – studium przypadku. Przegląd Górniczy 71, 12 (2015).
[18] M . Uszko, L. Kloc, M. Szarafiński, H. Potoczek, Zagrożenia Naturalne w Kopalniach Kompanii Węglowej SA . Część III . Zagrożenie Metanowe. Wiadomości Górnicze 65, 1 (2014).
[19] P. Skotniczny, P. Ostrogórski, Three-Dimensional Air Velocity Distributions in the Vicinity of a Mine Heading’s Sidewall. Arch. Min. Sci. 63, 2, 335-352 (2018). DOI : https://doi.org/10.24425/122451
[20] https://www.wug.gov.pl/english/statistics, accessed: 17.11.2021.
[21] P. Ostrogórski, Sieć Ad Hoc Złożona z Metanomierzy Indywidualnych – Modelowanie i Symulacja. In 10 Szkoła Aerologii Górniczej (2019).
[22] J. Kruczkowski, P. Ostrogórski, Metanoanemometr SOM 2303. In Nowoczesne metody zwalczania zagrożeń aerologicznych w podziemnych wyrobiskach górniczych, Główny Instytut Górnictwa, 117-127 (2015).
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Ostrogórski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Przemysław Skotniczny
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mieczysław Pucka
2

  1. Strata Mechanics Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 27 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  2. Tauron Wydobycie S.A. ZG Brzeszcze, ul. Kościuszki 1, 32-620 Brzeszcze, Poland
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Abstract

The article shows the results of research on methane concentration changes along mine galleries. The experiment was conducted in a longwall area mined using a U-type system, and the results were obtained in situ. The main goal was to measure methane concentration by function of gallery length and dividing segments of methane data into segments, which ultimately enabled separate analysis of these methane data. The analysis led to the diagnosis of methane hazard through the detection of exceedance of the assumed tolerance area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Ostrogórski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Przemysław Skotniczny
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 27 Reymonta Str.,30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The closure of deep mines, featuring multi level seam extraction, lasts many years. During this time period, the ventilation system must ensure adequate working conditions, and ensure the safety and stability of fan operation in gas and fire hazards conditions. The analysis of air flows and methane inflows during the progress of mining mine excavations closure, is the primary object of the article. Execution of such analysis requires knowledge of the mining mine excavations’ closure schedule, the structure of the ventilation system under consideration, the values of the parameters describing the air flows delivered to the mine excavations, and the current characteristics of operating fans and predicted methane exhalation. A computer database, currently being updated by a mine ventilation department for the VentGraph-Plus computer software, has been used simulate the various ventilation scenarios experienced, during the final stage of closure, including the shutdown of the main fans and the backfilling of shafts. The results of case study, containing 2 variants of simulated examples, are presented in the form of diagrams of methane concentration changes in time at characteristic places of the mine. The completed simulations of ventilation processes during the closure of mine excavations and transfer of inflowing methane, indicate useful possibilities of the computational tool used.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wacław Dziurzyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jerzy Krawczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Teresa Pałka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Krach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Przemysław Skotniczny
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Strata Mechanics Research Institutes of Polish Academy of Science, 27 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland

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