In the article, mathematical modeling methods are used to study the main trends and macroeconomic determinants of the electric car market development in 2011–2018 on the example of the US. The determinants include economic (GDP), socio-economic (household income), energy (electricity use), and environmental (СО2 emissions) factors. The authors justify the role of electric transport in strengthening national energy security due to the transition to renewable energy technologies and the reduction of fossil fuel use. Based on the constructed linear regression equations, a weak relationship has been revealed between the number of electric vehicles sold and the environmental factor, which can be explained by the small share of electric cars in the US market. The formed multifactor linear model showed a positive impact of both the country’s GDP growth and electricity consumption increase on the number of electric vehicles sold. However, the rise in household incomes negatively influences market development due to insufficient consumer awareness of the electric transport operation benefits, an underdeveloped network of electric vehicle charging stations, etc. Based on the obtained multifactor model, the authors have built optimistic, optimal and pessimistic scenarios for the US electric vehicle market deployment for the next five years. In order to implement the most favorable scenarios, recommendations for market development factors’ management have been made. The results of the study can be used to improve public policy in the US transport and energy sectors, as well as in other countries to optimize the fuel and energy balance, strengthen the energy independence of states by developing clean transport and adapting the model to national specifics.

The world prefers to increase energy efficiency and use energy from renewable and alternative sources. Ukraine has chosen the same path. To form recommendations for improving state support schemes for the sustainable development of renewable energy, the authors conducted a thorough analysis of the state of renewable energy in Ukraine and its legislative support. The advantage of the study is the visual presentation of data. Thus, the authors presented and analyzed which energy sources Ukraine uses for its own needs, the essence of the Ukrainian energy balance and its state in 2019. The authors found that the development of renewable energy is one of the “Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine”, which are based on the world. The authors noted the objectives and indicators of the goal, assessed the value of the indicators and found that, even though the goal is one of the most important goals because it is in third place in the number of amendments to existing regulations, there is a lag in plans and more lag on some additional tasks. The authors systematized the legal basis for the functioning of renewable energy and revealed this process’ subject-object relations. The analysis showed that the improvement of state support schemes for the sustainable development of renewable energy should be based on European norms and standards but consider national specifics. The authors proposed and described the principles of improving state support for the sustainable development of renewable energy, which should be based on ensuring the balance of interests of the three main stakeholders of the renewable energy market: the state, energy consumers and investors.

This article studies the implications of the Fourth Energy Package and relevant EU Directives for households and explores their potential benefits in Ukraine. Understanding the effects of energy policies on the residential sector is crucial for promoting sustainability amidst global energy and climate challenges. Methods of descriptive legal studies and investment analysis are used to examine the primary EU legislation on renewable energy communities and citizens’ groups, focusing on their applicability to homes and renewable energy cooperatives. The analysis of Ukraine’s experiences with the adoption of green power and incentives have revealed challenges for small solar home installations operating without the feed-in tariff. Introducing net-billing makes projects unfeasible without such a tariff, and even selling electricity through aggregators on the intraday market does not help. Consequently, the payback period for small installations with batteries becomes unreasonably long (exceeding twenty-five years), while larger facilities have shorter payback termsolytechnic Institute, Ukraine (fifteen to seventeen years). These findings highlight the need for careful consideration of household green-power policies. Implementing the Fourth Energy Package in Ukraine requires measures to address the financial feasibility of small solar installations, particularly those lacking feed-in tariff support. Expanding legislative provisions to include consumers of green power, especially those in multi-apartment buildings, can enhance their participation in the electricity producers’ market. Moreover, raising household electricity prices may be necessary to support sustainable energy practices. Overall, this study underscores the importance of evidence-based policymaking for successful power transitions in homes and the broader energy sector.