Philip Sabin points out that modern wargames not only contain substantial amounts of historical information but also arrange it into interactive models which depict historical processes in a simplified manner. Such models can be used in historical research as well, complementing the discourse through more holistic and mathematically strict accounts, and providing tools that impose some discipline on counter- factual speculation.

The Author analyzes the meaning of the notion "heretics" in the legislation of the Christian Emperors of the Roman Empire. He manifests that evident differences existed also in the understanding of this term among the Fathers of the Church and explains why was it so.

BIM technology is not commonly used in the Polish bridge engineering yet. The article presents a case study of a road bridge made of prestressed concrete and built using the incremental launching method, modelled according to the BIM technology. The bridge with a complex geometry is located along the S1 expressway. Particular attention is paid to the development of the BIM 5D model created on the basis of a design developed traditionally in order to gain competence and verify the set goals. The process of creating subsequent stages of the BIM model is characterized synthetically, in particular the 3D geometric model with the surrounding area and additional 4D (time) and 5D (costs, kinds of materials) dimensions together with the software used. The article discusses the assumptions adopted for the development of numerical models and data analyses. The developed models take into account the assembly phase (construction) and the use (operation) phase, appropriate for the incremental launching method. The results obtained while using BIM technology were confronted with the results identified on the basis of a conventional design. Conclusions present the most important challenges and the achieved goals as well as the pros and cons of creating designs while using BIM technology.