Suitable doses and forms of mineral fertilizers play a significant role in soil-less reclamation of mining wastes. It concerns especially nitrogen, because in this case its mineral and organic forms play a definite role. The relationship between each form is affected by a petrographic and mineral composition, weathering processes of waste material on the waste heaps, and also chemical composition and relationship between the main components, such as calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. Very important are also tree and shrub species introduced on the heaps, as different species can be characterized by individual nutrient requirements. The investigations showed that the period of first 2-3 years determines the success of interventions in biological reclamation. This refers mostly to nitrogen. Phosphoric fertilization plays an important role in later period, while potassium fertilization is not necessary, because waste material contains considerable quantities of total, and also of exchangeable and dissolvable in water potassium.

In area of zinc and lead exploration the most common elements of landscape are mine spoil-heaps and also dumps and settling tanks connected with zinc and lead metallurgy and ore flotation. They are located in the northern part of Katowice Province, on a line Piekary - Bytom - Bukowno - Olkusz and cover area of about 350 hectares. The individual settling tank in this area is between 15 and 40 hectares and considerably deforming landscape. A fine-grained dolomite is main material of tank sediments. The sediment contains maximally up Io 8.0% of Zn, 1.5% of Pb and Cd in content usually over 100 mg/kg. In spite of high salinity and high Zn, Pb and Cd content the settling tanks can be soil-less reclamated but the first stage of the reclamation should be trying to stop weathering and erosion processes. For the soil-less reclamation so

The Sudety Mountains are located close to industrial areas of Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic and are the most polluted Polish mountains, Among air pollutants such as SO2 NO,, fly ashes from local and transboundary power plants emission have a significant input. In determination of soil pollutants, magnetic susceptibility measurements find application. The use otmagnetic measurements as a proxy lor chemical methods is possible because air pollutants and magnetic particles arc interrelated. The major sources or air pollution in the Sudety Mountains arc fly ashes from burning process of fossil fuels. This paper presents content and distribution of heavy metals in soil profiles, depending on their natural or industrial origin and the results of magnetic susceptibility measurements.

The aim of the research was to study the influence of different tree stands on topsoil magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal contamination in the soil. The study was performed in the old park in Pruhonice (near Prague) in the Czech Republic. On the relatively small area of Pruhonice Park, five different coniferous tree species (pine, spruce, blue spruce, fir, Douglas fir) and five deciduous species (beech, red oak, common oak, hornbeam, birch) were found, growing in small clusters on the same geological background. Also other natural and anthropogenic factors such as distance from industrial and urban sources of pollution, type of soil, climate, etc. were similar. The magnetic susceptibility was measured directly in the field. Twenty topsoil cores 0.3 m long (2 under each tree species) were collected and also soil samples from under each tree (litter horizon) were taken. The magnetic susceptibility values of the topsoil profiles and of litter layer samples were obtained. Heavy metal analyses of surface samples (litter horizon) were also carried out. The field magnetic susceptibility (K) data are more or less comparable to the laboratory data (x). High heavy metal contents corresponding to high magnetic susceptibility values are observed in the litter horizon. A positive correlation between magnetic susceptibility and some heavy metals was observed. The results suggest that the type of forest may also influence the values of magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content. Generally higher magnetic susceptibility values were observed in the coniferous forest, except for the surface layer (litter horizon) where the K values are lower than in the deciduous forest.

The aim of the present study was to estimate the magnetic susceptibility of the boundary area ofwestern and southern Poland. The investigation was carried out in woodlands of chosen forest districts. Samples were collected selectively from the occurring genetic horizons ofpit soils. The low-field magnetic susceptibility was obtained in the laboratory using the MS2B Bartington apparatus. Heavy metal content (Fe, Zn, Pb and Cu) was analyzed using AAS method, after the mineralization in the 70% HClO4 + HNO3 solution. The magnetic susceptibility results arc very diverse and above 80% of them exceed 50· l0·-8 m3/kg, that is, a border value suggesting an occurrence ofa magnetic anomaly. Heavy metal content varies in a wide range and the highest values are observed in mountainous areas, where the impact of geological structure is visible. Obviously, the input of dust emissions is significant, what is confirmed by well and positive values of correlation coefficients between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content (especially lead) in the area of cluster III.

The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of metallurgical slag on heavy metal concentration in tree species. The research included pH-reaction and conductivity of slag samples, heavy metal content (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni) in slag, needles and leaves samples. The waste material is covered by vegetation and fulfils a soil function. The vegetation is self-sending. The plant cover being a result of natural succession consists of weeds, grasses, perennials, bushes and trees. Dominant tree species are birches and willows as well as poplar and pine. In slag samples are observed the raised concentration of cadmium, lead and copper. The low content of zinc is surprising. In tree material observed excessive heavy metal concentration especially lead and cadmium. Their accumulation is undoubtedly depended on tree species, but in this case heavy metal content in plant samples is a result of their presence in slag material. The higher heavy metal content in slag results the higher concentration in needles and leaves (probes S1 and S2, T1 and T2). Exception to this rule is the birch - probe B,, but in this case the pH is crucial. In samples with pH over 6.8 heavy metal mobility, their solubility and phytoavailability decrease. pH below 7 results in higher trace element uptake in plants.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between magnetic susceptibility of topsoil and content of heavy metal being the result of urban and industrial dust-fall. Tools for this study were some complementary statistic methods such as: correlation analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, stepwise regression and .chi-kwadrat" test. The base for statistic analysis was dataset of ca. 600 topsoil samples (20 cm) form Upper Silesian Industrial Region, including content ofAs, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb as well as values of low-field specific magnetic susceptibility (x) measured for the same samples. The study clearly confirms a significant correlation between the level of inorganic contamination and the measured susceptibility value, although the correlations in soil are usually more sophisticated. The most often observed correlation coefficients between magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals content were on medium (r = 0.5--0.7) and high (r = 0.7--0.9) level. The statistic analysis of the studied parameters can not be based only on Pearson correlation coefficient. The use of some complementary statistic methods allows for more correct interpretation of existing relationships. The comparable values of Pearson linear correlation coefficient and Spearman rank the correlation coefficient, observed in studied dataset within the range of accuracy used, shows the existence of linear correlation. The similar conclusions have been drawn from the analysis of reverse stepwise regression. The observed model of linear multiple regression explains almost 80% of variability of the X value. Foregoing statistical analysis confirms some earlier observations that magnetometry based on topsoil magnetic susceptibility measurement could be a very interesting and alternative or complementary method for monitoring anthropogenic soil pollution and especially heavy metal contamination level.