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Biological characteristics of a new antibacterial peptide and its antibacterial mechanisms against Gram-negative bacteria

Z. Pei X. Ying Y. Tang L. Liu H. Zhang S. Liu D. Zhang K. Wang L. Kong Y. Gao H. Ma
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2018 | vol. 21 | No 3 | 533–542 | DOI: 10.24425/124287
Keywords antimicrobial peptide biological characteristics antibacterial mechanism Gram-negative bacteria
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Abstract

MDAP-2 is a new antibacterial peptide with a unique structure that was isolated from house- flies. However, its biological characteristics and antibacterial mechanisms against bacteria are still poorly understood. To study the biological characteristics, antibacterial activity, hemolytic activi- ty, cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, and the secondary structure of MDAP-2 were detected; the results showed that MDAP-2 displayed high antibacterial activity against all of the tested Gram-negative bacteria. MDAP-2 had lower hemolytic activity to rabbit red blood cells; only 3.4% hemolytic activity was observed at a concentration of 800μg/ml. MDAP-2 also had lower cytotoxicity to mammalian cells; IC50 values for HEK-293 cells, VERO cells, and IPEC-J2 cells were greater than 1000 μg/ml. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that the peptide most- ly has α-helical properties and some β-fold structure in water and in membrane-like conditions. MDAP-2 is therefore a promising antibacterial agent against Gram-negative bacteria. To deter- mine the antibacterial mechanism(s) of action, fluorescent probes, flow cytometry, and transmis- sion electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the effects of MDAP-2 on membrane perme- ability, polarization ability, and integrity of Gram-negative bacteria. The results indicated that the peptide caused membrane depolarization, increased membrane permeability, and destroyed membrane integrity. In conclusion, MDAP-2 is a broad-spectrum, lower hemolytic activity, and lower cytotoxicity antibacterial peptide, which is mainly effective on Gram-negative bacteria. It exerts its antimicrobial effects by causing bacterial cytoplasm membrane depolarization, increas- ing cell membrane permeability and disturbing the membrane integrity of Gram-negative bacte- ria. MDAP-2 may offer a new strategy to for defense against Gram-negative bacteria.

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Authors and Affiliations

Z. Pei
X. Ying
Y. Tang
L. Liu
H. Zhang
S. Liu
D. Zhang
K. Wang
L. Kong
Y. Gao
H. Ma

Protective effect of lithium chloride on pulmonary injury caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae via inhibition of GSK-3β-NF-κB-dependent pathway

Y. Zhang W. Xu Y. Tang F. Huang
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 1 | 35-44 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.140838
Keywords porcine contagious pleuropneumonia mouse model lithium chloride toll-likereceptor 4 GSK-3β-NF-κB-dependent pathways
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Abstract

Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP) is a very serious respiratory disease which is difficult to prevent and treat. In this study, the therapeutic effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on PCP were examined using a mouse model. A mouse model of PCP was established by intranasal infections with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App). Histopathological analysis was performed by routine paraffin sections and an H-E staining method. The inflammatory factors, TLR4 and CCL2 were analyzed by qPCR. The expression levels of p-p65 and pGSK-3ß were detected using the Western Blot Method. The death rates, clinical symptoms, lung injuries, and levels of TLR-4, IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL2 were observed to decrease in the App-infected mice treated with LiCl. It was determined that the LiCl treatments had significantly reduced the mortality of the App-infected cells, as well as the expressions of p-p65 and pGSK-3ß. The results of this study indicated that LiCl could improve the pulmonary injuries of mice caused by App via the inhibition of the GSK-3β-NF-κB-dependent pathways, and may potentially become an effective drug for improving pulmonary injuries caused by PCP.
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Authors and Affiliations

Y. Zhang
1
W. Xu
1
Y. Tang
1
F. Huang
1 2
  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Nongda Road, No.1, Changsha 410128, China
  2. Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Nongda Road, No.1, Changsha 410128, China

The expression profile of miR-222b-5p/MAPK10 in spleens of SPF chickens infected with REV-SNV at 28-42 dpi

H. Jiang S. Gao M. Mao Y. Diao Y. Tang J. Hu
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 3 | 439-443 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.138736
Keywords reticuloendotheliosis virus strain SNV RLRs signaling pathway gga-miR-222b-5p mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 a dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment
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Abstract

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that causes atrophy of immune organs, such as the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius, leading to severe immunosuppression. However, there is limited information describing the genes or microRNAs (miRNAs) that play a role in replicating REV-spleen necrosis virus (SNV). Our previous miRNA and RNA sequencing data showed that the expression of gga-miR-222b-5p was significantly upregulated in REV-SNV-infected chicken spleens of 7, 14, and 21 dpi compared to non-infected chicken spleens, but mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 (MAPK10), which is related to innate immunity, had the opposite expression pattern. To understand chicken cellular miRNA function in the virus-host interactions during REV infection, we used quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to determine whether the expression of gga-miR-222b-5p and MAPK10 in the spleen of specific-pathogen-free chickens at 28, 35, and 42 dpi was consistent with the first 3 time points, and dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the targeting relationship between gga-miR-222b-5p and MAPK10. Results show that MAPK10 was downregulated at all 3 time points; however, significant difference (p<0.01) was noted only at 35 dpi. Moreover, the expression of gga-miR-222b-5p was upregulated; however, significant difference (p<0.01) was observed only at 28 and 35 dpi. A dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that MAPK10 is a direct target of gga-miR-222b-5p. This study suggests that gga-miR-222b-5p may target MAPK10 to promote the REV-SNV-induced tumorigenesis via the RLRs signaling pathway.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

H. Jiang
1 2 3
S. Gao
4
M. Mao
1 2 3
Y. Diao
1 2 3
Y. Tang
1 2 3
J. Hu
1 2 3
  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
  2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
  3. Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
  4. Unit of Animal Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizi Shan Street, Wu’han 430070, China

Development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of novel chicken orthoreovirus

H. Liu Z. Wei J. Yang Y. Wang J. Hu Y. Tang Y. Diao
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 1 | 109-118 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.140847
Keywords novel avian orthoreovirus σC gene recombinant plasmid indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay epidemiological investigation
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Abstract

A novel avian orthoreovirus (N-ARV) variant characterized with obvious arthritis and synovial inflammation, was isolated from Shandong, China in May 2016. It caused chicken poor growth and enormous economic losses to the poultry industry of China. However, there are few effective methods for detecting the antibody levels of N-ARV. In this study, a viral structural protein σC was expressed using the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a (+). The target protein was obtained by inducing for 6 hours at an IPTG concentration of 0.6mM. The optimal dilution of the coating antigen and serum antibody were determined to be 1000 fold and 10 fold respectively. A specificity test showed that there was no positive reactivity between N-ARV and other pathogens, and when the positive serum was diluted 100 times detection results were still checkable. The repeatability of this method was determined by the inter assay and intra assay tests with variability ranging from 4.85% to 7.93%. In conclusion, this indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) will be useful for large-scale serological surveys and monitoring antibody levels in N-ARV infection.
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Authors and Affiliations

H. Liu
1 2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Z. Wei
1 2 3
J. Yang
1 2 3
Y. Wang
1 2 3
ORCID: ORCID
J. Hu
1 2 3
Y. Tang
1 2 3
Y. Diao
1 2 3
  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
  2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
  3. Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China

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