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Abstract

Tool Like Receptors (TLR) are transmembrane proteins that play an important role in immune reactions associated with the recognition of pathogenic factors that cause infection. However, chronic infl ammatory conditions associated with the activation of these receptors create favorable conditions for the development of cancerous processes. Th e relationship between nuclear PPARγ receptors and TLR receptors is also important, whose role and importance in the process of carcinogenesis is the subject of various studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aldona Olechowska-Jarząb
Agata Ptak-Belowska
Aneta Targosz
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Abstract

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of chronic inflamma-tory disorders characterized by dysbiosis and altered short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) level. The association between individual SCFA levels and cytokine levels is unknown.
Objectives: We aimed to determine the fecal SCFA levels in patients with IBD in relation to disease severity and the serum levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Patients and Methods: The study included 61 patients with IBD (inactive, 22; active, 39) and 16 controls. Fecal levels of organic acids (acetic, lactic, propionic, butyric, isovaleric, isobutyric, and valeric), serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-17, and IL-22, complete blood count and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured.
Results: Patients with active IBD had reduced butyric, acetic, valeric, and isovaleric acid levels and elevated lactic acid levels in stool. Hemoglobin levels were positively correlated with the levels of acetic and butyric acids ( R = 0.266 and R = 0.346, respectively; P <0.05). In addition, CRP levels were inversely correlated with butyric acid levels ( R = –0.573; P <0.05). Higher serum TNF-α levels were observed in patients with active IBD compared with controls (6.64 pg/ml vs 2.05 pg/ml, P <0.05). No relationship was noted between the SCFA profile and cytokine levels.
Conclusions: The study showed that determination of SCFA levels can be used to evaluate the activity of IBD. The relationship between individual SCFA and cytokine levels seems to be complex and requires further studies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Olga Kaczmarczyk
1
Agnieszka Dąbek-Drobny
2
Michał Woźniakiewicz
3
Paweł Paśko
4
Justyna Dobrowolska-Iwanek
4
Aneta Woźniakiewicz
3
Aneta Targosz
5
Agata Ptak-Belowska
5
Agnieszka Piątek-Guziewicz
1
Kacper Wcisło
6
Paweł Zagrodzki
4
Małgorzata Zwolińska-Wcisło
1 2

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Unit of Clinical Dietetics, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
  4. Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  5. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  6. Department of Pathomorphology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland

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