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Abstract

A method of manufacturing hydrogel coatings designed to increase the hydrophilicity of polyurethanes (PU) is presented. Coatings were obtained from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by free radical polymerisation. The authors proposed a mechanism of a two-step grafting - crosslinking process and investigated the influence of reagent concentration on the coating’s physical properties - hydrogel ratio (HG) and equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR). A surface analysis of freeze-dried coatings using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a highly porous structure. The presented technology can be used to produce biocompatible surfaces with limited protein and cell adhesive properties and can be applied in fabrication of number of biomedical devices, e.g. catheters, vascular grafts and heart prosthesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Ciach
Beata Butruk
Maciej Trzaskowski
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Abstract

The paper discusses possible applications of the percolation theory in analysis of the microstructure images of polycrystalline materials.

Until now, practical use of this theory in metallographic studies has been an almost unprecedented practice. Observation of structures so

intricate with the help of this tool is far from the current field of its application. Due to the complexity of the problem itself, modern

computer programmes related with the image processing and analysis have been used. To enable practical implementation of the task

previously established, an original software has been created. Based on cluster analysis, it is used for the determination of percolation

phenomena in the examined materials. For comparative testing, two two-phase materials composed of phases of the same type (ADI

matrix and duplex stainless steel) were chosen. Both materials have an austenitic - ferritic structure. The result of metallographic image

analysis using a proprietary PERKOLACJA.EXE computer programme was the determination of the content of individual phases within

the examined area and of the number of clusters formed by these phases. The outcome of the study is statistical information, which

explains and helps in better understanding of the planar images and real spatial arrangement of the examined material structure. The results

obtained are expected to assist future determination of the effect that the internal structure of two-phase materials may have on a

relationship between the spatial structure and mechanical properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

W. Trzaskowski
S. Świłło
W. Sobaszek
D. Myszka
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Abstract

Image analysis allows to acquire a number of valuable quantitative informations on the observed structure and make appropriate conclusions. So far, a large part of analyzed images came only from light microscopes, where it was a possibility of accurately distinguish the different phases on the plane. However, the problem happened in the case of the observation of images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. In this case, the presence of various shades of gray, and the spaciousness of the image attained. To perform the analysis the matrix images of the ausferritic ductile iron were used. Full analysis was carried out using the computer program MicroMeter 1.03. Results obtained in the analysis were related directly to the results from X-ray diffraction. Obtained as a result of the analysis were related directly to the results from X-ray diffractometer. The following technique has weaknesses, including the misinterpretation by the operator microscope or program. After all, it was possible to obtain similar results to the result that has been obtained from X-ray diffractometer.
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Authors and Affiliations

W. Trzaskowski
P. Nawrocki
K. Łukasik
D. Myszka
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Abstract

The article describes the impact of germanium on the course of surface phenomena in casting alloys of silver used in gold smithing. The aim of this works is to describe the assessment of resulting alloys, comparing the area of raw castings and the impact of the addition content of the alloy on the hardness of the samples. The evaluation also was subject to corrosion resistance of giving a comparison of their use in relations to traditional silver alloys.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Jesiotr
W. Trzaskowski
D. Trochimiak
P. Nawrocki
K. Łukasik
D. Myszka

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