The current model of hunting economy, focused mainly on killing innumerable number of game species and finding joy and benefit in it, does not totally fulfil criteria of sustainable, ethical and rational management. This work provides an overview of evidences that the moral evil of hunting, together with the whole hunting culture, are not rationally justifiable. I am going to validate there is no reasonable argument for maintaining hunting economy and culture in the on-going, archaic condition. I maintain that therefore an immediate system reform of our hunting economy is necessary. There is a broad list of objection to the different aspects of hunting practices, which are presented and discussed in short in the paper. A reformed hunting institution, endowed with veterinary service, should guard some animals’ interests by different strategies of assuaging some conflicts among people and animals, as catching alive, flushing, separating or biosafety and professional reprocessing of infected corpses. The main recommendation for the ossified hunting tradition is the appeal for listening to the opinion of experts in natural sciences.

Artykuł jest próbą prezentacji poglądów filozoficznych na pochodzenie ludzkiej zdolności interpretacji i rozumienia znaczeń. Autor inspiruje się wynikamy współczesnych nauk biologicznych, kognitywistycznych i psychologicznych, w świetle których można przeciwstawiać się koncepcjom hermeneutycznym, jakie tkwią w nowożytnej tradycji antropocentrycznej. Chciałbym zarysować wyjaśnienie statusu bytowego tzw. kompetencji hermeneutycznych w formie znaturalizowanej, która nie unika płynnego stopniowania struktur czy umiejętności podmiotowych bez popadania w trywialny redukcjonizm. Będę twierdził, że choć pełne ukształtowanie procesów rozumienia pozostaje zarezerwowane dla konkretnych grup spośród gatunku ludzkiego, to można racjonalnie uzasadnić, że u odmiennych gatunków zwierząt i bezpośrednich przodków człowieka mamy już do czynienia z elementami hermeneutycznych kompetencji, które legły u podstawy pojęcia Dasein. Jeżeli zasadniczym problemem książki Konrada Lorenza Odwrotna strona zwierciadła była próba rekonstrukcji historii naturalnej ludzkiego poznania i polemika z tradycją Kanta co do istoty poznania, to niniejsza praca stanowi zalążek refleksji nad naturalną historią ludzkiego rozumienia oraz nad polemiką z antropocentryczną hermeneutyką filozoficzną. Głównym celem pracy jest przyjrzenie się hipotezie, jakoby podmiotowe egzystencjały rozumienia, nastrojenia czy bycia-w-świecie można było ujmować w formie naturalnych adaptacji organizmów ludzkich i pozaludzkich.

Samoregulacja mediów może mieć istotny wpływ na kształtowanie się kultury dziennikarskiej i poziomu etycznego mediów. Jej skuteczność jest jednak uzależniona od stopnia instytucjonalizacji narzędzi samoregulacyjnych i ich powszechnej akceptacji. Różny jest ten poziom w różnych systemach medialnych, co często warunkowane jest historycznie. Artykuł za cel przyjmuje prezentację historycznego rozwoju samoregulacji trzech systemów medialnych (francuskiego, brytyjskiego i fińskiego) wpisujących się w trzy różne modele systemów medialnych opisane przez Daniela Hallina i Paolo Manciniego i zestawienie ich z rozwojem samoregulacji mediów w Polsce.

Thin film solar cells based on multinary compound Cu(In,Ga)Se2 show record photovoltaic conversion efficiency approaching 20%. Investigation on defect physics in this compound is crucial for making further progress in the technology. In this work we present the results on photocapacitance (PC) and deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS) for two types of cells – high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 cell with about 20% of gallium and pure gallium CuGaSe2 device. We show that PC and DLOS, employed as the techniques complimentary to deep level transient spectroscopy DLTS and admittance spectroscopy, are useful methods in providing information on defect levels in solar cells. In particular they are helpful in diffierentiating between levels belonging to the bulk of absorber and to the interface states. We tentatively assign some of the observed deep levels to InCu or GaCu antisites and Cu interstitials.

The paper presents the method of assessment of learning outcomes acquirement by students. The analysis is based on the results of the final matriculation exam in mathematics. For crisp and both types of fuzzy relations, cut scores (passing scores) can be defined along with the method of preparing rankings of students. The advantage of applying type 2 fuzzy relations is the lack of the necessity for experts to agree to one level (one number) of verification of learning outcomes by items created for the examination. Based on the results of the exam and experts’ knowledge, the decision support system for calculating the levels of learning outcomes acquirement, making decisions about passing the examination and preparing rankings of students, can be developed. Additionally, the rank reversal phenomenon does not burden the proposed method.

Filtering nonwovens produced with melt-blown technology are one of the most basic materials used in the construction of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) against harmful aerosols, including bio- and nanoaerosols. The improvement of their filtering properties can be achieved by the development of quasi-permanent electric charge on the fibres. Usually corona discharge method is utilized for this purpose. In the presented study, it was assumed that the low-temperature plasma treatment could be applied as an alternative method for the manufacturing of conventional electret nonwovens for the RPE construction. Low temperature plasma treatment of polypropylene nonwovens was carried out with various process gases (argon, nitrogen, oxygen or air) in a wide range of process parameters (gas flow velocity, time of treatment and power supplied to the reactor electrodes). After the modification, nonwovens were evaluated in terms of filtration efficiency of paraffin oil mist. The stability of the modification results was tested after 12 months of storage and after conditioning at elevated temperature and relative humidity conditions. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and ATR-IR spectroscopy were used to assess changes in surface topography and chemical composition of the fibres. The modification of melt-blown nonwovens with nitrogen, oxygen and air plasma did not result in a satisfactory improvement of the filtration efficiency. In case of argon plasma treatment, up to 82% increase of filtration efficiency of paraffin oil mist was observed in relation to untreated samples. This effect was stable after 12 months of storage in normal conditions and after thermal conditioning in (70 ± 3)°C for 24 h. The use of low-temperature plasma treatment was proven to be a promising improvement direction of filtering properties of nonwovens used for the protection of respiratory tract against harmful aerosols.

Autonomic nervous system of the pelvis is still poorly understood. Every year more and more pelvic procedures are carried out on patients suff ering from diff erent pelvic disorders what leads to numerous pelvic dysfunctions. Authors tried to review, starting from historical and clinical background, the most important reports on anatomy of the pelvic autonomic plexuses. We also pay attention to complete lack of knowledge of students of medicine on the autonomic nervous structures in the area studied. We present anatomical description of the pelvic plexuses including their visceral branches and anatomy of surrounding pelvic tissues which still remains unclear. More and more attention is paid to the topography of the plexuses specially because of new pain releasing techniques — neurolysies.

Authors paid attention to anatomy and clinical implications which are associated with the variations of the sphenoid sinus. We discuss also anatomical structure of the sphenoid bone implementing clinical application of this bone to diff erent invasive and miniinvasive procedures (i.e. FESS).