This paper focused on the effect of pure torsion deformation and various torsion pitches on the mechanical properties of the commercial pure Al wires which has not been examined so far. The initial wires with diameter of 4 mm have been torsion deformed to different pitch length (PL). In order to investigate the effect of gradient microstructure caused by torsion deformation, three different pitch length of 15 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm are considered. The results revealed that the level of grain refinement is correlated with the amount of induced plastic shear strain by torsion deformation. For the wire with pitch length of 15 mm, the grain sizes decreased to about 106 μm and 47 μm in the wire center and edge from the initial size of about 150 μm of the annealed wire. The micro-hardness measurement results show a gradient distribution of hardness from the wire center to the wire surface that confirmed the increasing trend of plastic shear strain obtained by FE simulations. The hardness of annealed sample (35 HV) is increased up to 73 HV at the wire surface for the smallest pitch length. The yield and ultimate tensile strength of the torsion deformed wires are also increased up to about 85 MPa and 152 MPa from the initial values of 38 MPa and 103 MPa of the annealed one respectively while the maximum elongation reduced significantly.

This study was conducted in a company that produces palm oil-based products such as cooking oil and margarine. The study aimed to encounter defects in packaging pouches. This study integrated the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) with the six sigma DMAIC method. The OEE was performed to measure the efficiency of the machine. Three factors were measured in OEE: availability, performance, and quality. These factors were calculated and compared to the OEE world-class value. Then, the Multiple Linear Regression was performed using SPSS to determine the correlation between measurement variables toward the OEE value. Lastly, the six sigma method was implemented through the DMAIC approach to find the solution and improve the packaging quality. Supposing the recommendations are implemented, the OEE is expected to increase from 82% to 85%, with availability ratio, performance ratio, and quality ratio at, 99%, 86%, and 99.8%, respectively.