Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder with still not fully understood pathogenesis. At first, the treatment of IBS was mainly focused on alleviating symptoms (with the use of laxatives, anti-diarrheals, anti-spasmodics and painkillers) and then became more specific by targeting discovered pathways responsible for proper functioning of the gastrointestinal system, for in-stance: 5HT3, 5HT4, cannabinoid and opioid receptors, guanylyl cyclase C, chloride channels and sodium- hydrogen exchanger. Nowadays, there is a growing number of experimental IBS treatment strategies and in this article we discuss these novel and therapeutic options in IBS, their efficacy and future perspectives.

The Buschke–Löwenstein tumor is a rare disease associated with human papillomavirus infec-tion. The condition manifests with an ulcerative, exophytic tumor localized in the perineal area. Generally considered as non-cancerous, the growth may develop malignant transformation. Our manuscript high-lights the importance of early diagnosis with histopathological analysis.