Jotunites (hypersthene monzodiorites/ferromonzodiorites) are rocks coeval with plutonic AMCG (anorthosite– mangerite–charnockite–rapakivi granite) suites, which are characteristic of the Proterozoic Eon. It has been experimentally shown that jotunite magma can be recognised as parental to anorthosites and related rocks: since then, research on these rocks has taken on a particular importance. Jotunites were recently described within the deeply buried c. 1.5 Ga Suwałki and Sejny anorthosite massifs in the crystalline basement of NE Poland. The major and trace element compositions of Polish jotunites show them to have a calc-alkalic to alkali-calcic and ferroan character, with a relatively wide range of SiO2 content (40.56 wt. % up to 47.46 wt. %) and high concentrations of Fe (up to 22.63 wt. % Fe2O3), Ti (up to 4.34 wt. % TiO2) and P (up to 1.46 wt. % P2O5). Slight differences in textural features, mineralogical compositions, and geochemistry of whole-rock jotunite samples from distinct massifs allow us to distinguish two kinds: a primitive one, present in the Sejny Intrusion, and a more evolved one, related to the Suwałki Massif.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the cause of paratuberculosis mainly in domestic and wild ruminants; paratuberculosis is also known as Johne’s disease. This disease is endemic all over the world generating significant economic losses, especially in dairy herds, although, MAP is the cause of infection in many other species including primates. Currently, MAP mycobacteria are recognized as pathogens transmitted by food. They are a potential threat to animal and human health. Infected animals excreting mycobacteria with faeces are the main source of MAP. The development of control strategies and disease control are based on determi- nation of the genetic diversity of the MAP strains causing Johne’s disease. This study describes 43 strains isolated from a herd of dairy cows located in northern Poland. The types of MAP were determinted based on the polymorphism analysis of two insertion fragments: IS900 and IS1311. The polymorphism of IS900 was analyzed with the use of a PCR multiplex according to Collins’ method and the IS1311 polymorphism with the use of the PCR-REA method. Based on the diffe- rences observed, the strains isolated were classified into two MAP types, cattle (C-type) and sheep (S-type), with the predominance of the cattle type.