Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a core part of gram-negative bacteria, is crucial for inducing an inflammatory response in living things. In the current study, we used LPS from Salmonella to stimulate chicken macrophages (HD11). Proteomics was used to investigate immune-related proteins and their roles further. Proteomics investigation revealed 31 differential expression proteins (DEPs) after 4 hours of LPS infection. 24 DEPs expressions were up-regulated, while seven were down-regulated. In this investigation, ten DEPs were mainly enriched in S. aureus infection, complement, and coagulation cascades, which were all implicated in the inflammatory response and clearance of foreign pathogens. Notably, complement C3 was shown to be up-regulated in all immune-related pathways, indicating that it is a potential protein in this study. This work contributes to a better understanding and clarification of the processes of Salmonella infection in chickens. It might bring up new possibilities for treating and breeding Salmonella-infected chickens.

Contamination of soil with heavy metals has become a worldwide environmental problem, and receives great attention. In this study, we aim to investigate soil pollution level affected by an industrial district nearby. The total amount of typical heavy metals in the soils (Hengyang Songmu Industrial Park, Hunan Province, China) was analyzed. In addition, the fraction analysis and laboratory simulation leaching via different pH rainwater was carried out to study the migration and transformation of heavy metals. The main results show that the contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd in the samples were higher than the soil background values in Hunan Province. The heavy metals forms, analyzed by sequential extraction method, show that the proportion of the unstable form of Cd, Zn and Pb was more than 50%. I_geo values indicate that the heavy metal pollution degree of soil sample #5 at the investigated area is recorded in the order of Cd(6.42), Zn(2.28), Cu(1.82), Pb(1.63), and Cr(0.37). Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd in this area could pose a potential leaching risk to the environment which may affect the food chain and constitute a threat to human health. It would be necessary to take steps to stabilize and monitor the heavy metals in soil.