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Measurement of the upper respiratory tract aerated space volume using the results of computed tomography

Adam Rybak Andrzej Zając Andrzej Kukwa
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2019 | vol. 26 | No 2 | 387-401 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2019.128366
Keywords CT studies upper respiratory tract diagnostics quantitative measurement of upper respiratory tract aerated space volume
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Abstract

The paper presents the possibilities of quantitative analysis of results obtained from CT examination of organs and anatomical structures of the upper respiratory tract. The presented results of the analysis were obtained using proprietary software developed in the MATLAB 2018b environment (Image Processing toolbox). The software enables to visualize the original results of CT scan and, after evaluating the visible structures, enables to select the area to be subjected to quantitative analysis. After the initial identification of an area of interest requiring detailed diagnostics, its volume and the surface areas of individual cross-sections are calculated in the area separated for examinations. A graphical presentation of the analysis results – the surface areas of selected cross-sections possible to visualize in two- and three-dimensional space – enables quick analysis of changes in the examined region.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Rybak
Andrzej Zając
Andrzej Kukwa

Characterization of multi-emitter tuneable led source for endoscopic applications

Urszula J. Błaszczak Łukasz Gryko Andrzej S. Zając
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2019 | vol. 26 | No 1 | 153-169 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2019.126332
Keywords measurement medical applications LED tuneable source
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Abstract

In this paper we describe our own construction of a tuneable light source based on a set of light emitting diodes covering the visible spectrum using a homogenizing rod instead commonly used low energy-efficient integrating spheres. The expected prime application of the source is a medical endoscopic system, however it is possible to use it also for other purposes requiring both multispectral operation and a tuneable white light source. We describe the construction of the source and include precise characterization of the output white light – distribution of CCT, Duv, Δu′ v ′ and colour rendering indexes (Ra, R9, Rf , Rg) of light in several planes located at various distances. The obtained results prove that our source is characterized by very good colour rendition according to the Ra and Rf method for various correlated colour temperatures (2700–6500) K. As an example of application images of the Macbeth colour chart registered with an RGB camera included in the laboratory measurement stand are presented. The obtained results prove that, after whole system calibration, this source can be used in many applications, where evaluation of objects requires precise analysis of their colour and multispectral procedures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Urszula J. Błaszczak
Łukasz Gryko
Andrzej S. Zając

RESPIRATORY DISORDERS – MEASURING METHOD AND EQUIPMENT

Szymon Nitkiewicz Robert Barański Andrzej Kukwa Andrzej Zając
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2018 | vol. 25 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/118157
Keywords respiratory disorders airflow anemometry quantitative measurement
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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Nitkiewicz
Robert Barański
Andrzej Kukwa
Andrzej Zając

Anatomical and functional assessment of patency of the upper respiratory tract in selected respiratory disorders – Part 1

Andrzej Kukwa Andrzej Zając Robert Barański Szymon Nitkiewicz Wojciech Kukwa Edyta Zomkowska Adam Rybak
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2021 | vol. 28 | No 4 | 813-836 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2021.138538
Keywords optical diagnostic in otolaryngology upper respiratory tract diagnostics otolaryngology spirometer Fourier transform wavelet transform quantitative parameters of the respiratory cycle
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Abstract

The rapidly developing measurement techniques and emerging new physical methods are frequently used in otolaryngological diagnostics. A wide range of applied diagnostic methods constituted the basis for the review study aimed at presenting selected modern diagnostic methods and achieved diagnostic results to a wider group of users. In this part, the methods based on measuring the respiratory parameters of patients were analysed. Respiration is the most important and necessary action to support life and its effective duration. It is an actual gas exchange in the respiratory system consisting of removing CO2 and supplying O2. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, and an efficient respiratory tract allows for effective ventilation. The disruption in the work of the respiratory system leads to measurable disturbances in blood saturation and, consequently, hypoxia. Frequent, even short-term, recurrent hypoxia in any part of the body leads to multiple complications. This process is largely related to its duration and the processes that accompany it. The causes of hypoxia resulting from impaired patency of the respiratory tract and/or the absence of neuronal respiratory drive can be divided into the following groups depending on the cause: peripheral, central and/or of mixed origin. Causes of the peripheral form of these disorders are largely due to the impaired patency of the upper and/or lower respiratory tract. Therefore, early diagnosis and location of these disorders can be considered reversible and not a cause of complications. Slow, gradually increasing obstruction of the upper respiratory tract (URT) is not noticeable and becomes a slow killer. Hypoxic individuals in a large percentage of cases have a shorter life expectancy and, above all, deal with the consequences of hypoxia much sooner.
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Bibliography

[1] Anniko, M., Bernal-Sprekelsen, M., Bonkowsky, V., Bradley, P. J., & Iurato, S. (2010). Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. Berlin: Springer. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68940-9
[2] Önerci, M., Ferguson, B. (2010). Diagnosis in Otorhinolaryngology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11412-0
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kukwa
1
Andrzej Zając
2
Robert Barański
3
Szymon Nitkiewicz
4 5
Wojciech Kukwa
6
Edyta Zomkowska
7
Adam Rybak
8
  1. University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Department and Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases, Collegium Medicum, Warszawska St. 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
  2. Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Institute of Optoelectronics, Kaliskiego St., 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
  3. AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków, Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, Mickiewicza St. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  4. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Technical Science, Oczapowskiego St. 2, Olsztyn, Poland
  5. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Oczapowskiego St. 2, Olsztyn, Poland
  6. Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury St. 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
  7. University Hospital in Olsztyn, Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Warszawska St. 30,10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
  8. LABSOFT Sp. z o. o., Puławska St. 469, 02-844 Warsaw, Poland

Anatomical and functional assessment of patency of the upper respiratory tract in selected respiratory disorders – part 2

Andrzej Zając Andrzej Kukwa Robert Barańska Szymon Nitkiewicz Edyta Zomkowska Adam Rybak
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2022 | vol. 29 | No 3 | 429-454 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2022.142273
Keywords optical diagnostic in otolaryngology upper respiratory tract diagnostics otolaryngology spirometer Fourier transform wavelet transform quantitative parameters of the respiratory cycle
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Abstract

This article presents selected physical diagnostic methods used in otorhinolaryngology and results of their application. In addition to the applications of methods using the capabilities of selective sensors, selected methods of hybrid diagnostics were also presented – for assessment of parameters of respiratory processes, with polysomnography as an example of using both typical diagnostic methods dedicated to otolaryngology, as well as standard EEG and ECG methods. It has been shown that in some special cases of respiratory disorders, measurements of the air flow in the respiratory tract can be supplemented with pressure measurements in selected positions within the airways. The presented optical methods and diagnostic systems are very often used in the diagnosis of diseases not specific for otolaryngology occurring in the area of the head and neck. The presented material is the second part of the study discussing both standard and widely used diagnostic methods. All presented methods are dedicated to otolaryngology. This text is a continuation of the material published in No 4 of 2021 [1].
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Zając
1
Andrzej Kukwa
2
Robert Barańska
3
Szymon Nitkiewicz
4 5
Edyta Zomkowska
6 7
Adam Rybak
8
  1. Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Institute of Optoelectronics, Kaliskiego St., 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
  2. University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Department and Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases, Collegium Medicum, Warszawska St. 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
  3. AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków, Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, Mickiewicza St. 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  4. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Technical Science, Oczapowskiego St. 2, Olsztyn, Poland
  5. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Oczapowskiego St. 2, Olsztyn, Poland
  6. Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital in Olsztyn, Warszawska St. 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
  7. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department and Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases, Collegium Medicum, Warszawska St. 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
  8. LABSOFT Sp. z o.o., Puławska St. 469, 02-844 Warsaw, Poland

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