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Abstract

The paper presents an analysis of the sustainable development of electricity generation sources in the National Power System (NPS). The criteria to be met by sustainable power systems were determined. The paper delineates the power balance of centrally dispatched power generation units (CDPGU), which is required for the secure work of the NPS until 2035. 19 prospective electricity generation technologies were defined. They were divided into the following three groups: system power plants, large and medium combined heat and power (CHP) plants, as well as small power plants and CHP plants (distributed sources). The quantities to characterize the energy effectiveness and CO2 emission of the energy generation technologies analyzed were determined. The unit electricity generation costs, discounted for 2018, including the costs of CO2 emission allowance, were determined for the particular technologies. The roadmap of the sustainable development of the generation sources in the NPS between 2020 and 2035 was proposed. The results of the calculations and analyses were presented in tables and figure

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Authors and Affiliations

Bolesław Zaporowski
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Abstract

W pracy przedstawiono analizę perspektywicznych technologii skojarzonego wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła dla polskiej energetyki. Przedstawiono aktualny stan technologii skojarzonego wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła w Polsce. Zdefiniowano 12 perspektywicznych technologii skojarzanego wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła wybranych do analizy, a mianowicie: ciepłowniczy blok parowy na parametry nadkrytyczne opalany węglem kamiennym, ciepłowniczy blok gazowo-parowy z trójciśnieniowym kotłem odzysknicowym i międzystopniowym przegrzewaniem pary opalany gazem ziemnym, ciepłowniczy blok gazowo-parowy z dwuciśnieniowym kotłem odzysknicowym opalany gazem ziemnym, ciepłowniczy blok gazowo-parowy z jednociśnieniowym kotłem odzysknicowym opalany gazem ziemnym, ciepłowniczy blok parowy średniej mocy opalany węglem kamiennym, ciepłowniczy blok parowy średniej mocy opalany biomasą, ciepłowniczy blok gazowy z silnikiem gazowym opalany gazem ziemnym, ciepłowniczy blok gazowy z turbiną gazową małej mocy pracującą w obiegu prostym opalany gazem ziemnym, ciepłowniczy blok ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) opalany biomasą, ciepłowniczy blok parowy małej mocy opalany biomasą, ciepłowniczy blok z silnikiem gazowym zintegrowany z biologiczną konwersją biomasy oraz ciepłowniczy blok z silnikiem gazowym zintegrowany ze zgazowaniem biomasy. Zostały wyznaczone wielkości charakteryzujące efektywność energetyczną wybranych do analizy technologii kogeneracyjnych oraz ich emisyjność CO2. Dla analizowanych technologii kogeneracyjnych wyznaczono również jednostkowe, zdyskontowane na rok 2017, koszty wytwarzania energii elektrycznej, z uwzględnieniem kosztów uprawnień do emisji CO2. Wyniki obliczeń i analiz przedstawiono w tabelach i na rysunku.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bolesław Zaporowski
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Abstract

Czy neutralność klimatyczna jest celem osiągalnym dla Polski oraz co oznacza i z czym się wiąże to cywilizacyjne wyzwanie, odpowiada dr hab. inż. Bolesław Zaporowski z Instytutu Elektroenergetyki Politechniki Poznańskiej.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bolesław Zaporowski
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Abstract

The paper presents an analysis of energy and economic effectiveness of the combined heat and power (cogeneration) technologies fired with natural gas that may be deemed prospective for the Polish electric power system. The current state of the cogeneration technologies fired with natural gas in Poland is presented. Five cogeneration technologies fired with natural gas, prospective from the point of view of the Polish electric power system, were selected for the analysis. Namely, the paper discusses: gas-steam combined heat and power (CHP) unit with 3-pressure heat recovery generator (HRSG) and steam interstage reheat, gas-steam CHP unit with 2-pressure HRSG, gas-steam CHP unit with 1-pressure HRSG, gas CHP unit with small scale gas turbine, operating in a simple cycle and gas CHP unit with gas engine. The following quantities characterizing the energy effectiveness of the cogeneration technologies were selected for the analysis: electricity generation efficiency, heat generation efficiency, primary energy savings (PES) and CO2 unit emission. The economic effectiveness of particular technologies was determined based on unit electricity generation costs, discounted for 2019, including the costs of purchasing CO2 emission allowances. The results of calculations and analyses are presented in a table and on a figures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bolesław Zaporowski
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

This article presents an analysis of the sustainable development of generation sources in the Polish National Electric Power System (NEPS). First, the criteria for this development were formulated. The paper also discusses the current status of generation sources, operating in power plants and combined heat and power (CHP) plants of NEPS. Furthermore, it includes a prediction of power balance in NEPS, determining; predicted electricity gross use, predicted demand for peak capacity during the winter peak, predicted demand for peak capacity during the summer peak and required new capacity of centrally dispatched generation units (CDGUs) in 2025, 2030, 2035 and 2040 that would ensure NEPS operational security. Twenty prospective technologies of electricity generation and combined electricity and heat production were analyzed. These were divided into three groups: system power plants, high- and medium-capacity combined heat and power (CHP) plants, as well as small-capacity power plants and CHP plants (dispersed sources). The unit costs of electricity generation discounted for 2021 were calculated for the analyzed technologies, taking the costs of CO2 emission allowances into account. These costs include: capital costs, fuel costs, maintenance costs, operation costs and environmental costs (CO2 emission allowances). This proceeds to a proposal of a program of the sustainable development of generation sources in NEPS, which includes the desired capacity structure of power plants and CHP plants, and the optimal structure of electricity production in 2030 and 2040. The results of calculations and analyses are presented in tables and figure.
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Bibliography

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Directive 2012/27. Directive 2012/27/UE of the European Parliament and Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency. Official Journal of the European Union, 2012, L315/1 – L315/56.
KPEiK 2019. National Energy and Climate Plan 2021–2030 (Krajowy plan na rzecz energii i klimatu na lata 2021–2030). Ministerstwo Aktywów Państwowych, 2019 (in Polish).
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PSE 2020. Development Plan of Present and Future Electricity Satisfaction Demand Coverage in 2021–2035 (Plan rozwoju w zakresie zaspokojenia obecnego i przyszłego zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną na lata 2021–2030). Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne SA. [Online] https://www.pse.pl/ documents/20182/21595261/Dokument_glowny_PRSP_2021-2030_20200528.pdf [Accessed: 2021-08-10] (in Polish).
PEP2040 2021. Energy Policy of Poland until 2040 (Polityka energetyczna Polski do 2040 roku). MP 2021, poz. 128 (in Polish). Statistics 2019. Statistics of Polish Heat Industry 2018 (Statystyka Ciepłownictwa Polskiego 2018). Warszawa: Agencja Rynku Energii SA (in Polish).
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URE 2020. Information about Investment Plans in New Generation Capacity in 2020–2034 (Informacja na temat planów inwestycyjnych w nowe moce wytwórcze w latach 2020–2034). Urząd Regulacji Energetyki. [Online] https://www.ure.gov.pl>download>Raport-Plany inwestycyjne w nowe moce wytwórcze latach 2020-2034 [Accessed: 2021-08-10] (in Polish).
Zaporowski, B. 2016. Sustainable development of the electricity generation sources (Zrównoważony rozwój źródeł energii elektrycznej). Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal 19(3), pp. 35–48 (in Polish).
Zaporowski, B. 2019. Energy and economic effectiveness of prospective generation technologies for Polish electric power industry (Efektywność energetyczna i ekonomiczna perspektywicznych dla polskiej elektroenergetyki technologii wytwórczych). Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej 63, część 2, pp. 87–90 (in Polish).
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Authors and Affiliations

Bolesław Zaporowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Electric Power Engineering of Poznań University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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Abstract

Is climate neutrality an attainable goal for Poland? What does the term mean, and what challenges does it pose to human civilization? These and other questions are addressed by Prof. Bolesław Zaporowski of the Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Poznań University of Technology.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bolesław Zaporowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Poznan, Poalnd

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