Despite many technological possibilities, proper sanitation of sludge creates problems to their natural use. Thus, new solutions are still being looked for. Liming is one of the methods for sludge sanitation, however, rather expensive one. Seeking the substitute of high calcium content and non-toxic for environment has led to investigations on the application of mineral wastes - ashes from semi-dry sulfur removal from flue gases in the "Opole" power plant for sludge sanitation purposes. Ash was mixed with sludge in various proportions. After 3 days, the microbiological exams of the mixtures were carried out. The investigation data proved the performed sanitation effective and confirmed microbiological usability of the sludge for a natural use. The total contents of heavy metals and their distribution between particular fractions were determined in the sludge mixtures with mineral waste and in reference samples (i.e. sludge and mineral waste). No significant changes of metals proportion bound with biogenie fractions (fractions I- II) after addition of the mineral wastes to sludge were observed. Cadmium, zinc and partially chrome are bound with the iron and manganese oxides fraction (fraction III) which is sensitive to the redox potential changes. No significant change of contents was observed with the increase in a contribution of sludge or mineral waste. In all samples of the organic fraction (fraction IV) chrome and copper are bound in the highest amounts, and in the residue fraction (fraction V) cadmium, nickel and lead are bound, mainly. The investigation has showed that addition of optional proportions of sludge and mineral wastes mixtures into soil did not result in increase in heavy metals hazard. The investigation of the metals speciation in sludge and their mixtures with the mineral wastes showed similar metals distribution in individual fractions. The most hazardous elements for soil, water and plants such as lead, chrome, nickel, cadmium and zinc are bound in slightly soluble fractions and thus are hardly available to the ecosystem.

In the presented work the limnological characteristics of the Reservoir Nakło-Chechło elaborated on the basis of investigations carried out in 1996 has been shown. The results of investigations on thermal and oxygenic conditions existing in the Reservoir and the change dynamics of selected physico-chemical indicators of water quality in the Reservoir Nakło-Chechło are described. The paper describes aspecific example of acidotrophy of the Nakło-Chechło Reservoir as a result of anthropopressure. The results of chemical analysis of water in the Nakło-Chechło Reservoir and evaluation of the dynamic changes of various indicators with the atmospheric precipitation quantity on the basin superficies have shown that the Reservoir is under strong hydrological and chemical influence of the precipitation, which generally is acidic and has a very low total hardness. The exceptional vulnerability for acidification due to deficiency in water buffering capacity was, however, the decisive factor. The discharged weak buffering capacity of the Reservoir water facilitates the influence of direct precipitation and through superficial run off. The results of chemical analysis show high state of water quality in the Reservoir Nakło-Chechło as regards amount of indicators which describe water mineralization degree.

Clay was admixtured with 1, 2, 3 and 10% of waste sludge precipitated from lead electroplating fluoroborate electrolyte. The sludge contained, besides 60.7% of lead, 3.7% of fluorine. Small standardized ceramic bricks were burnt at 980°C and then tested for physical and mechanical features (contraction, water soaking, freeze resistance, compressive strength) and for leaching with water saturated with carbon dioxide. The tests showed that 1% of added sludge did not change properties of ceramic bricks and leaching of lead and fluorine is not hazardous, while the larger admixtures result in spoiling of quality features. On burning fluorine is emitted to exhaust gases.

W publikacji tej opisano właściwości fizykochemiczne szlamów arsenowych pozostałych po flotacji rud arsenowych i porastające je rośliny. Miejscem badań jest Złoty Stok - kolebka światowej metalurgii arsenu (1709-1961). Stwierdzono, że w warstwie ryzosfery (O- 25 cm) jest bardzo mało N, Na, Fe i próchnicy, mało P, średnia zawartość Ca i K oraz bardzo dużo Mg. Ich odczyn jest zasadowy. Analiza roślinności wykazała, że przez ok. 40 lat na szlamach pojawiło się 67 gatunków roślin naczyniowych. Są to wyłącznie apofity, wśród których dominują hemikryptofity, rośliny światłolubne i neutralne w stosunku do kontynentalizmu klimatu oraz mezofity i higrofity, mezo- i eutrofy oraz acidofilne do bazyfilnych. Gatunkiem dominującym jest Calamagrostis epigejos (L.), rzadziej występuje Carlina vulgaris L., Centaurea phrygia L., C. scabiosa L., Daucus carota L. i Festuca rubra L.

Odcieki wysypiskowe są to wody deszczowe migrujące przez złoże wysypiska, wymywające z niego rozpuszczalne frakcje organiczne i mineralne zawarte w składowanych odpadach.Trzyletnie badania odcieków pochodzących ze składowisk odpadów komunalnych w Siemianowicach Śląskich i Dąbrowie Górniczej wykazały, że ChZT odcieków na ogół waha się między wartościami 1000 i 2000 mg/dm3, a w nielicznych okresach w roku przekracza te wartości, osiągając stężenia nawet powyżej 14 000 mg ChZT/dm3• W przypadku gdy stężenie ChZT odcieków jest niskie i nie przekracza 2000 mg//dm3, mamy do czynienia ze związkami trudno rozkładalnymi biologicznie. Odmienną sytuację obserwowano, gdy ChZT odcieków znacznie przekraczało typowe niskie wartości. Napowietrzanie odcieków z osadem czynnym powodowało szybki rozkład związków organicznych i spadek ChZT. Już po 5 godzinach napowietrzania uzyskano 75% obniżenie stężenia ChZT.

From March to October 1998 carried out hydrochemical and hydrobiological researches on retentional water reservoir Przeczyce on the Czarna Przemsza river were. Surface area of this reservoir is 570 ha. Maximal depth is 10 m, total volume 20 mln m3• In results self-purification processes water in the ecosystem is in I and II quality class. In the saprobity clasassification it is in betamezosaprobic class. Low number of macrobenthos organisms is the result of the Czarna Przemsza river pollution. In the I Part of this paper results of hydrochemical investigation was given.

In the period from March to October 1998 hydrochemical researches on a dam-reservoir Przeczyce were carried out. This resevoir is an effect of the partition of Czarna Przemsza valley, by ground barrier. Surface area of the reservoir is 570 ha, and its total cubic content is 20.75 mln m3 of water. Researches proved that in effect of systematic conveyance of pollutans by the Czarna Przemsza River, water quality in the reservoir is in eutrophy state. Raised concentration of orto-phosphates in output originating from washing out of drainage basin soils (the Schindler coefficient is 64), and from domestic sewage causes, notwithstanding relatively low concentration of nitrates, a threat for the reservoir. Disadvantageous nitrogen-phosphorus proportion, which amounts 56 od a tributary stream, 20 in the reservoir, and 14 in a autflow, is conducive to eutrophication of the reservoir. This proportion indicates that in Przeczyce dam-reservoir phosphorus is the agent limiting use of nitrogen in the process of primary production. Balance of nitrogen and phosphorus, and especially that a load of phosphates leaded to the reservoir counterbalances itself with a load of water diversion. This evidences the loss of the reservoir ability to lay surplus nutrients, especially phosphorus, in bottom sediments, and consequentlyattests to the near moment of starting the process of anrichment from the inside of ecosystem. In the next, last part of this paper, results hydrobiologically (macrobentos) investigations will describe.

The results of statistic estimation of measurements done within surface waters monitoring programme were described. The biogens concentrations (the years 1994-1998) and the oxygen indicators (the years 1992-1996) in the measurement point on Odra river in Krajnik Dolny constituted the date base. The time changeability of these indicators was well described by Jog-normal and gamma distributions was shown. The normalised distributions were also given.The autocorrelation and the periodicity were examined. It was stated that the considered time sequences were characterised by the strong autocorrelation and the periodicity. Using the ARIMA process the modelling of measurement series was realised. After the selection of models, the programming of examined indicators changes was accomplished. It was shown that using ARIMA models valuable results can be obtained.