There are international organizations for preparation variety of standards. In ISO organization TC 211 group elaborates standards for geographic information system creation. Its works are observed by national working groups interested in those topics. European normalization committee CENffC 287 worked about it too. Basing on international standards Polish Standard Committee (PKN) has undertaken works on applicable schemes to standardize notion scheme for data of geographic. In this paper critical opinion of geometric description of geographic data in space scheme spread by PKN on chosen elements of data modelling is presented. It is illustrated by chosen examples of data modeling.

In the paper, there is discussed and presented maritime navigation as an operational process, as a field of study and as a branch of applied science. There is shown the content of these forms, parts of navigation as well as relations among them.

A relatively high accuracy and reliability of the Differential GPS system makes the receivers of its signal a very good sensor of a ship position and velocity. Among the input from the gyrocompass, a complete, self-contained and portable ship manoeuvring trial system is obtained. However, the ship instant velocity vector is not measured directly but estimated through the application of the Kalman filter (one of its functions). In case of the ship manoeuvring, this leads to a systematic deviation of such the estimate as compared to the real motion. The magnitude of this bias is being thoroughly investigated for different ship manoeuvres. It appears essential in ship manoeuvring mathematical model identification and/or validation based on full-scale trials.

This paper proposes a solution to the problem of colour map designing on CRT monitors. Colour progression scales and ranges of constant depth colours are computed using the basic cell of colour processing which is a combination of the new colour appearance model CIECAM02 and the colorimetric model of monitor (Berns' GOG). This paper also presents practical side of designing colour progression scales balanced to constant depth colours, defining parameter of vivid level of projecting scales and showing CIECAM02 model calculation formulas in reverse mode.

The paper discusses Gauss-Kruger projection as a projection consisting of spheroidal and spherical parts. For the spheroidal part distribution of projection deformations has been determined and besides, its impact on the metric structure of the initial Gauss-Kruger projection, as an entirety, has been estimated

The paper presents a method of statistical analysis of multidimensional data by means of the PCA transformation (Principal Components Analysis), carried out by means of a neuron network. The PCA transformation, connected with the Karhunen-Loeve transformation is used for processing signals treated as stochastic processes. The method discussed in the paper, enables the reduction of input data on the basis of specified independent principal components with respect to their significance,

The paper presents an attempt at building an optimum rnathematical model making it possible to prognose the values of missing geodetic surveys of a non-stationary dislocations process within the area of underground exploitation influence. It has been shown thai the analysed process can be assigned 10 the group of stochastic processes. A model (IO) has been determined as the formal definition of the discussed problem, whereas two algorithmic procedures appear to be the real solution. Utility aspect of the paper comprises the modelling of the formation process of actual dislocations. Estimated values of one-stage prognosis are shown in table I and in Fig. 4. Model quality indicator - error distribution - appears to be the confirmation that a quantitative description is adequate to the survey results. It has been shown from the point of view of descriptive statistics, using correlation coefficient, that the results of the dislocations survey of the field points - significantly distant included - are highly correlated.

Mathematical torrnulacs for rigorous adjustment of surveying modular networks are presented in the paper. The method is based on the idea of multigroup transformation. The solution leads to general problem of non-I i near adjusting of conditional equations with unknowns by the least square method. Il is a modification or the classical way of approximate adjustment of the modular networks.