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Specific emitter identification based on one-dimensional complex-valued residual networks with an attention mechanism

Lingzhi Qu Junan Yang Keju Huang Hui Liu
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e138814 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138814
Keywords complex-valued residual network specific emitter identification fingerprint characteristic attention mechanism one-dimensional convolution
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Abstract

Specific emitter identification (SEI) can distinguish single-radio transmitters using the subtle features of the received waveform. Therefore, it is used extensively in both military and civilian fields. However, the traditional identification method requires extensive prior knowledge and is time-consuming. Furthermore, it imposes various effects associated with identifying the communication radiation source signal in complex environments. To solve the problem of the weak robustness of the hand-crafted feature method, many scholars at home and abroad have used deep learning for image identification in the field of radiation source identification. However, the classification method based on a real-numbered neural network cannot extract In-phase/Quadrature (I/Q)-related information from electromagnetic signals. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a new SEI framework for deep learning structures. In the proposed framework, a complex-valued residual network structure is first used to mine the relevant information between the in-phase and orthogonal components of the radio frequency baseband signal. Then, a one-dimensional convolution layer is used to a) directly extract the features of a specific one-dimensional time-domain signal sequence, b) use the attention mechanism unit to identify the extracted features, and c) weight them according to their importance. Experiments show that the proposed framework having complex-valued residual networks with attention mechanism has the advantages of high accuracy and superior performance in identifying communication radiation source signals.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lingzhi Qu
1
Junan Yang
1
Keju Huang
1
Hui Liu
1
  1. College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230037, People’s Republic of China

Multi-model hybrid ensemble weighted adaptive approach with decision level fusion for personalized affect recognition based on visual cues

Nagesh Jadhav Rekha Sugandhi
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 6 | e138819 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138819
Keywords deep learning convolution neural network emotion recognition transfer learning late fusion
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Abstract

In the domain of affective computing different emotional expressions play an important role. To convey the emotional state of human emotions, facial expressions or visual cues are used as an important and primary cue. The facial expressions convey humans affective state more convincingly than any other cues. With the advancement in the deep learning techniques, the convolutional neural network (CNN) can be used to automatically extract the features from the visual cues; however variable sized and biased datasets are a vital challenge to be dealt with as far as implementation of deep models is concerned. Also, the dataset used for training the model plays a significant role in the retrieved results. In this paper, we have proposed a multi-model hybrid ensemble weighted adaptive approach with decision level fusion for personalized affect recognition based on the visual cues. We have used a CNN and pre-trained ResNet-50 model for the transfer learning. VGGFace model’s weights are used to initialize weights of ResNet50 for fine-tuning the model. The proposed system shows significant improvement in test accuracy in affective state recognition compared to the singleton CNN model developed from scratch or transfer learned model. The proposed methodology is validated on The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) dataset with 77.85% accuracy. The obtained results are promising compared to the existing state of the art methods.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nagesh Jadhav
1
Rekha Sugandhi
1
  1. MIT ADT University, Pune, Maharashtra, 412201, India

Visual methods of processing survey data in social disciplines based on fuzzy logic

Grzegorz Śmigielski Aleksandra Mreła Oleksandr Sokolov Mykoła Nedashkovskyy
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e138812 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138812
Keywords information system quality of education fuzzy relations optimistic fuzzy aggregation norm
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Abstract

All universities are responsible for assessing the quality of education. One of the required factors is the results of the students’ research. The procedure involves, most often, the preparation of the questionnaire by the staff, which is voluntarily answered by students; then, the university staff uses the statistical methods to analyze data and prepare reports. The proposed EQE method by the application of the fuzzy relations and the optimistic fuzzy aggregation norm may show a closer connection between the students’ answers and the achieved results. Moreover, the objects obtained by the application of the EQE method can be visualized by using the t-SNE technique, cosine between vectors and distances of points in five-dimensional space.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Śmigielski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Mreła
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr Sokolov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mykoła Nedashkovskyy
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Institute of Informatics, ul. Kopernika 1, 85-074 Bydgoszcz, Poland
  2. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland

Impact of gear rim narrowing angle on the temperature and sound pressure of Beveloid gear pair made of polymeric materials

Piotr Strojny
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e138818 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138818
Keywords helical transmissions operation polymeric materials sound pressure the operating temperature of a Beveloid gear pair
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Abstract

The paper contains a description of the geometry of Beveloid gears. It describes the distribution of forces in a Beveloid gear with a straight tooth line and a helical tooth line. The paper presents research on the experimentally determined parameters of transmission operation, including the sound pressure level and the amount of heat emitted during operation. The design and construction of the test stand were presented. The research methodology was described. Operational tests are carried out on household appliances with Beveloid gears: Grinder and Jam mixer. Thanks to an appropriately selected narrowing angle, estimated values of service life extension of the above-mentioned transmissions are given.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Strojny
1
  1. The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

Topology algorithm built as an automaton with flexible rules

Katarzyna Tajs-Zielińska Bogdan Bochenek
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e138813 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138813
Keywords topology optimization cellular automaton flexible update rules
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Abstract

Developing novel methods, approaches and computational techniques is essential for solving efficiently more and more demanding up-to-date engineering problems. Designing durable, light and eco-friendly structures starts at the conceptual stage, where new efficient design and optimization tools need to be implemented. Nowadays, apart from the traditional gradient-based methods applied to optimal structural and material design, innovative techniques based on versatile heuristic concepts, like for example Cellular Automata, are implemented. Cellular Automata are built to represent mechanical systems where the special local update rules are implemented to mimic the performance of complex systems. This paper presents a novel concept of flexible Cellular Automata rules and their implementation into topology optimization process. Despite a few decades of development, topology optimization still remains one of the most important research fields within the area of structural and material design. One can notice novel ideas and formulations as well as new fields of their implementation. What stimulates that progress is that the researcher community continuously works on innovative and efficient topology optimization methods and algorithms. The proposed algorithm combined with an efficient analysis system ANSYS offers a fast convergence of the topology generation process and allows obtaining well-defined final topologies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Tajs-Zielińska
1
Bogdan Bochenek
1
  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Kraków, Poland

3D scan contour de-featuring for improved measurement accuracy – a case study for a small turbine guide vane component

Marcin Jamontt Paweł Pyrzanowski
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e138815 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138815
Keywords 3d scan flatness turbine guide vane small surfaces point clouds contour recognition contour de-featuring
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Abstract

3D scanning measurements are gaining popularity every year. Quick inspections on already captured point clouds are easy to prepare with the use of modern software and machine learning. To achieve repeatability and accuracy, some surface and measurement issues should be considered and resolved before the inspection. Large numbers of manufacturing scans are not intended for manual correction. This article is a case study of a small surface inspection of a turbine guide vane based on 3D scans. Small surface errors cannot be neglected as their incorrect inspection can result in serious faults in the final product. Contour recognition and deletion seem to be a rational method for making a scan inspection with the same level of accuracy as we have now for CMM machines. The main reason why a scan inspection can be difficult is that the CAD source model can be slightly different from the inspected part. Not all details are always included, and small chamfers and blends can be added during the production process, based on manufacturing standards and best practices. This problem does not occur during a CMM (coordinate measuring machine) inspection, but it may occur in a general 3D scanning inspection.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Jamontt
1
Paweł Pyrzanowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. General Electric Company, al Krakowska 110-114, 02-265 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Nowowiejska 24, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland

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