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This article presents the results of research into the characteristics of cast steel alloyed with chromium and vanadium, subjected to heat treatment for increased strength parameters. In the first part, it discusses the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding technological developments in the field of cast-steel alloys and the influence of individual alloying additives on the microstructure and the properties of the steel alloy. Further sections present the results of microstructure observations performed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. This research focuses on the material in the state directly after casting and after heat treatment, which involved quenching and tempering at 200 °C. The microstructural analysis performed as part of this research has informed the discussion of the results obtained from tensile and impact strength tests. The article also includes the results of a fractography analysis performed as the final part of the tests and offers a general summary and conclusions.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Białobrzeska

1

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ORCID:

Wrocław University of Technology, Poland

Research of the New Laboratory Methodology for Measuring the Disintegration of Mixtures with Inorganic Binders Hardened by Dehydration

M. Bruna I. Vasková M. Medňanský P. Delimanová

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 80-87 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149254

Keywords Inorganic binder Alkali silicate Hot curing process Automotive industry

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Abstract

The paper deals with the possibilities of using alkali silicate based inorganic binders for automotive industry aluminium castings production. In recent years, inorganic binders are coming back to the foreground and their manufacturers are developing new processes, which are starting to progressively supersede organic binder systems. Paper describes known knowledge about classic alkali silicate binders with focus on hardening processes and on improving their technological properties. Trends from the area of development and the use new alkali silicate based inorganic binders are also shortly described. As part of the experimental work, specific methods of producing samples were developed, with the help of which properties such as disintegration were subsequently evaluated by measuring abrasion and residual strengths. Characteristics such as residual compressive strength or shear strength at different thermal loads were also evaluated. When comparing the laboratory results with the results of de-coring in real conditions, a high degree of correlation was achieved, which makes it possible to determine the optimal recipe/procedure for the production of geometrically complex cores.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Bruna

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

I. Vasková

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Medňanský

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

P. Delimanová

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technological Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
Institute Of Metallurgy, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia

Quality Control of Liquid Aluminium Alloy Using Thermal Imaging Camera

Ryszard Władysiak

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 135-140 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149261

Keywords thermal imaging camera Aluminium alloy Quality control

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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study on the use of infrared thermography to assess the quality of liquid metal, a basic semi-finished product used in foundry production. EN AC-46000 alloy with the designation AlSi9Cu3(Fe) was used for the study. The crystallization process of the alloy was investigated using the TDA method with a Crystaldigraph device and Optris PI thermal imaging camera. The research describes how to use a thermal imaging camera to assess the quality of aluminium alloys. These alloys, due to their propensity in the liquid state to oxidise and absorb hydrogen, a refining procedure in the melting process. The effects of alloy refining are evaluated during technological tests of hydrogen solubility, density and casting shrinkage. The results presented in this paper showed that there is a statistical correlation between the density of the metal and the temperature values from the thermogram of the sample, obtained during its solidification. The existing correlation makes it possible to develop a thermographic inspection algorithm that allows a fast and non-contact assessment of aluminium alloy quality.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Władysiak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Lodz University of Technology, Department of Materials Engineering and Production Systems, Łódź, Poland

Evaluation of Permeability Models for Foundry Molds and Cores in Sand Casting Processes

D. Sundaram T. Matsushita I. Belov A. Diószegi

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 94-106 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149256

Keywords Permeability Kozeny model Density Foundry cores Foundry mold X-ray microtomography Component casting Cast iron

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Abstract

Predicting the permeability of different regions of foundry cores and molds with complex geometries will help control the regional outgassing, enabling better defect prediction in castings. In this work, foundry cores prepared with different bulk properties were characterized using X-ray microtomography, and the obtained images were analyzed to study all relevant grain and pore parameters, including but not limited to the specific surface area, specific internal volume, and tortuosity. The obtained microstructural parameters were incorporated into prevalent models used to predict the fluid flow through porous media, and their accuracy is compared with respect to experimentally measured permeability. The original Kozeny model was identified as the most suitable model to predict the permeability of sand molds. Although the model predicts permeability well, the input parameters are laborious to measure. Hence, a methodology for replacing the pore diameter and tortuosity with simple process parameters is proposed. This modified version of the original Kozeny model helps predict permeability of foundry molds and cores at different regions resulting in better defect prediction and eventual scrap reduction.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Sundaram

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

T. Matsushita

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

I. Belov

1

A. Diószegi

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Sweden

Refinement of the Manufacturing Route and Evaluation of the Reinforcement Effect of MAX Phases in Al Alloy Matrix Composite Materials

A. Dmitruk K. Naplocha A. Żak A. Strojny-Nędza

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 141-148 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149262

Keywords MAX phases Composite Squeeze casting SHS synthesis Pressure infiltration

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Abstract

Microwave Assisted Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (MASHS) was used to prepare open-porous MAX phase preforms in Ti-Al-C and Ti-Si-C systems, which were further used as reinforcements for Al-Si matrix composite materials. The pretreatment of substrates was investigated to obtain open-porous cellular structures. Squeeze casting infiltration was chosen to be implemented as a method of composites manufacturing. Process parameters were adjusted in order to avoid oxidation during infiltration and to ensure the proper filling. Obtained materials were reproducible, well saturated and dense, without significant residual porosity or undesired interactions between the constituents. Based on this and the previous work of the authors, the reinforcement effect was characterized and compared for both systems. For the Al-Si+Ti-Al-C composite, an approx. 4-fold increase in hardness and instrumental Young's modulus was observed in relation to the matrix material. Compared to the matrix, Al-Si+Ti-Si-C composite improved more than 5-fold in hardness and almost 6-fold in Young's modulus. Wear resistance (established for different loads: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 MPa) for Al-Si+Ti-Al-C was two times higher than for the sole matrix, while for Al-Si+Ti-Si-C the improvement was up to 32%. Both composite materials exhibited approximately two times lower thermal expansion coefficients than the matrix, resulting in enhanced dimensional stability.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Dmitruk

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

K. Naplocha

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

A. Żak

2

A. Strojny-Nędza

3

Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Lightweight Elements Engineering, Foundry and Automation, Poland
Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Materials, Poland
Łukasiewicz Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Poland

Effect of Curvature Shape of Transparent COVID-19 Protective Face Shields on the Speech Signal

Miloš Bjelic Miomir Mijic Tatjana Miljkovic Dragana Šumarac Pavlovic

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 27-35 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148772

Keywords acoustic effects COVID-19 curvature face shield pandemic protection speech

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Abstract

Recent papers and studies over the course of last three years have shown that COVID-19 has a negative impact on the speech communication quality between people. This paper presents an influence analysis of the curvature shape of protective transparent shields on the speech signal. Five shields made of the same material and dimensions but with different curvatures were analyzed, from a completely flat to a very curved shield which has the same shape of curvature at its top and bottom and covers the entire face. The influence of the shield is analyzed with two types of experiments – one using dummy head with integrated artificial voice device, and the other using real speakers (female and male actors). It has been shown that usage of protective shields results in a relative increase in the speech signal level, in the frequency range of around 1000 Hz, compared to the situation when protective shields are not used. The relative increase in speech signal levels for large-curvature shields can be up to 8 dB. The possible causes of this phenomenon have been analyzed and examined.

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Authors and Affiliations

Miloš Bjelic

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Miomir Mijic

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tatjana Miljkovic

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dragana Šumarac Pavlovic

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia

Auditory Spatial Illusion – A Psychoacoustic Study in Young Adults

Mehri Maleki Mohsen Ahadi Amirsalar Jafarpisheh Amin Asgharzadeh Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban Reyhane Toufan

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 19-26 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148765

Keywords auditory spatial illusions the Franssen effect interaural time difference binaural temporal resolution

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Abstract

The Franssen illusion, or Franssen effect (FE), is one of the auditory spatial illusions. Few studies have explored the FE, and the mechanisms underlying it remain unknown. The present study was conducted to clarify the FE occurrence with different tasks and presentation modes in young adults. It also sought to investigate possible neurophysiological similarities between interaural time difference (ITD) cue processing and FE perception. FE perception was evaluated using two different tasks and two presentation modes (i.e., insert phones and loudspeakers). Sound reflections (reverberation) were presented in the diffuse field (loudspeaker mode). ITD performance was investigated using different stimuli delivered via insert phones. No significant difference between the two FE perception tasks was found ( F _1,25 = 0.138, p = 0.713). However, the FE perception showed a significant difference between the two presentation modes (F _1,25 = 434.03, p < 0.001). Spearman’s correlation did not reveal a significant relationship between FE perception and ITD scores ( p > 0.05).
The current findings show the importance of reverberation in the FE occurrence. Also, the non-significant correlation between the results of the behavioral binaural temporal resolution test and FE perception in young people with normal temporal resolution may indicate that room reflections (reverberation) complicate the ability to process ITDs (rather than poor ITD processing for the “steady state” portion of signal).

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Authors and Affiliations

Mehri Maleki

1

Mohsen Ahadi

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Amirsalar Jafarpisheh

2

Amin Asgharzadeh

3

Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban

4

Reyhane Toufan

1

Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology School of Rehabilitation Sciences Iran University of Medical Sciences
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences Tehran, Iran
Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
Proteomics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran

The Influence of Violin Tailpiece Material on Acoustic Properties of a Violin

Adam Łapiński Ewa Skrodzka Andrzej Wicher

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 11-18 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148774

Keywords tailpiece violin acoustical properties exotic materials violin-making luthiery

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Abstract

The different mechanical properties of the materials from which the tailpieces are made have a noticeable effect on the acoustic performance of the violin. These elements are made today from ebony, rosewood, boxwood, aluminium, or plastic. The aim of this study was to check the exact impact of tailpieces made of different materials on the frequency response function (FRF) of a violin’s bridge and the timbre of the instrument’s sound. For this purpose, the bridge FRF measurement was carried out, and a psychoacoustic test was conducted. The material from which the tailpiece is made to the greatest extent affects the modal frequencies in the range 530–610 Hz (mode B1+), which mainly manifested itself in a change in the instrument’s timbre in terms of the brightness factor. The study showed that the lighter the tailpiece, the darker the sound of the violin. It was also revealed that the selection of accessories affects factors such as openness, thickness, and overall quality of the sound.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Łapiński

1

Ewa Skrodzka

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andrzej Wicher

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

The Ignacy Jan Paderewski Academy of Music in Poznan Poznan, Poland
Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics Adam Mickiewicz University

Enhancing Speech Recognition in Adverse Listening Environments: The Impact of Brief Musical Training on Older Adults

Akhila R. Nandakumar Haralakatta Shivananjappa Somashekara Vibha Kanagokar Arivudai Nambi Pitchaimuthu

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 3-9 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.146825

Keywords musical training carnatic music speech recognition in noise speech recognition in reverberation

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Abstract

The present research investigated the effects of short-term musical training on speech recognition in adverse listening conditions in older adults. A total of 30 Kannada-speaking participants with no history of gross otologic, neurologic, or cognitive problems were divided equally into experimental (M = 63 years) and control groups (M = 65 years). Baseline and follow-up assessments for speech in noise (SNR50) and reverberation was carried out for both groups. The participants in the experimental group were subjected to Carnatic classical music training, which lasted for seven days. The Bayesian likelihood estimates revealed no difference in SNR50 and speech recognition scores in reverberation between baseline and followed-up assessment for the control group. Whereas, in the experimental group, the SNR50 reduced, and speech recognition scores improved following musical training, suggesting the positive impact of music training. The improved performance on speech recognition suggests that short-term musical training using Carnatic music can be used as a potential tool to improve speech recognition abilities in adverse listening conditions in older adults.

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Authors and Affiliations

Akhila R. Nandakumar

1

Haralakatta Shivananjappa Somashekara

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Vibha Kanagokar

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Arivudai Nambi Pitchaimuthu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education

Field Experiment as a Tool to Verify The Effectiveness of Prototype Track Structure Components Aimed at Reducing Railway Noise Nuisance

Cezary Kraśkiewicz Grzegorz Klekot Piotr Książka Artur Zbiciak Przemysław Mossakowski Patrycja Chacińska Anna Al Sabouni-Zawadzka

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 61-71 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148770

Keywords vibroacoustic isolator ballasted track structure ballastless track structure noise reduction field test

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Abstract

The almost unlimited possibilities of modern computational tools create the temptation to study phenomena related to the operation of engineering objects exclusively using complex numerical simulations. However, the fascination with multi-parametric complex computational models, whose solutions are obtained using iterative techniques, may result in qualitative discrepancies between reality and virtual simulations. The need to verify on real objects the conclusions obtained from numerical calculations is therefore indisputable. The enormous cost and uniqueness of large-scale test stands significantly limit the possibility of conducting tests under real conditions. The solution may be an experiment focused on testing features relevant to the given task, while minimising the dimensions of the objects under consideration. Such conditions led to the concept of conducting a series of field experiments to verify the effectiveness of prototype track components, which were developed using numerical simulations to reduce the noise caused by passing trains. The main aim of this study is to examine the acoustic efficiency of prototype porous concrete sound absorbing panels, in relation to the ballasted and ballastless track structures. Presented results of the proposed unconventional experiments carried out on an improvised test stand using the recorded acoustic signals confirm the effectiveness of the developed vibroacoustic isolators.

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Authors and Affiliations

Cezary Kraśkiewicz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Grzegorz Klekot

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Piotr Książka

3

Artur Zbiciak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Przemysław Mossakowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Patrycja Chacińska

3

Anna Al Sabouni-Zawadzka

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology
Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology
National Research Institute, Department of Environmental Acoustics, Institute of Environmental Protection Warsaw, Poland

Short Utterance Speaker Recognition Based on Speech High Frequency Information Compensation and Dynamic Feature Enhancement Methods

Yunfei Zi Shengwu Xiong

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 37-48 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148768

Keywords Bark-scaled Gauss linear filter filter bank superposition multi-dimensional central difference speaker recognition

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Abstract

This work aims to further compensate for the weaknesses of feature sparsity and insufficient discriminative acoustic features in existing short-duration speaker recognition. To address this issue, we propose the Bark-scaled Gauss and the linear filter bank superposition cepstral coefficients (BGLCC), and the multidimensional central difference (MDCD) acoustic feature extracted method. The Bark-scaled Gauss filter bank focuses on low-frequency information, while linear filtering is uniformly distributed, therefore, the filter superposition can obtain more discriminative and richer acoustic features of short-duration audio signals. In addition, the multi-dimensional central difference method captures better dynamics features of speakers for improving the performance of short utterance speaker verification. Extensive experiments are conducted on short-duration text-independent speaker verification datasets generated from the VoxCeleb, SITW, and NIST SRE corpora, respectively, which contain speech samples of diverse lengths, and different scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing acoustic feature extraction approach by at least 10% in the test set. The ablation experiments further illustrate that our proposed approaches can achieve substantial improvement over prior methods.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yunfei Zi

1

Shengwu Xiong

1

School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan, China

Normal Mode Solutions of Target Strengths of Solid-filled Spherical Shells and Discussion of Influence Parameters

Bing Jia Jun Fan Gui-Juan Li Bin Wang Yun-Fei Chen

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 83-93 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.146811

Keywords solid-filled spherical shell room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber target strength enhancement

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Abstract

The normal mode solution for the form function and target strength (TS) of a solid-filled spherical shell is derived. The calculation results of the spherical shell’s acoustic TS are in good agreement with the results of the finite element method (FEM). Based on these normal mode solutions, the influences of parameters such as the material, radius, and thickness of the inner and outer shells on the TS of a solid-filled spherical shell are analyzed. An underwater spherical shell scatterer is designed, which uses room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber as a solid filling material and does not contain a suspension structure inside. The scatterer has a good TS enhancement effect.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bing Jia

1 2

Jun Fan

1

Gui-Juan Li

2

Bin Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yun-Fei Chen

2

Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Science and Technology on Underwater Test and Control Laboratory Dalian, Liaoning, China

Study on Mechanism and Suppression Method of Flow-Induced Noise in High-Speed Gear Pump

Peng Zhan Yan Qiang Zhiyuan Jiang Runxue Yang Liejiang Wie

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 49-60 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.146824

Keywords external gear pumps flow-induced noise the oil replenishment groove flow pulsation rate

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Abstract

The flow-induced noise mechanism of a 5000 rpm high-speed gear pump is explored. On the basis of the CFD technology and the Lighthill acoustic analogy theory, a numerical model of the flow-induced noise of a high-speed gear pump is constructed, and the effect of oil suction pressure (0.1–0.2 MPa) on the internal flow field and flow-induced noise characteristics of the high-speed gear pump is investigated. To evaluate the accuracy of the numerical simulation, a noise testing platform for high-speed gear pumps was developed. Adding an oil replenishment groove to the high-speed gear pump suppresses its flow-induced noise. The results indicate that the discrete noise at the fundamental frequency and its harmonic frequency is the primary component of the flow-induced noise of the pump and that the oil-trapped area is the principal source of vibration. The overall sound pressure level of flow-induced noise in the inlet and outlet areas decreases with distance from the oil-trapped area, and the sound pressure level in the outlet area is greater than that in the inlet area. The oil replenishment groove may considerably minimize cavitation noise, enhance the oil absorption capacity, and reduce the outer field’s overall sound pressure level by 4–5 dB.

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Authors and Affiliations

Peng Zhan

1

Yan Qiang

1

Zhiyuan Jiang

1

Runxue Yang

1

Liejiang Wie

1

Energy and Power Engineering College, Lanzhou University of Technology Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P.R. China

Impact of the Passage of Time on the Correct Identification of the Speaker Using the Auditory Method

Stefan Brachmański Bartosz Hus Piotr Staroniewicz

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 141-147 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.146823

Keywords speaker recognition crime acoustics aural identification

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Abstract

Courts in Poland, as well as in most countries in the world, allow for the identification of a person on the basis of his/her voice using the so-called voice presentation method, i.e., the auditory method. This method is used in situations where there is no sound recording and the perpetrator of the criminal act was masked and the victim heard only his or her voice. However, psychologists, forensic acousticians, as well as researchers in the field of auditory perception and forensic science more broadly describe many cases in which such testimony resulted in misjudgement. This paper presents the results of an experiment designed to investigate, in a Polish language setting, the extent to which the passage of time impairs the correct identification of a person. The study showed that 31 days after the speaker’s voice was first heard, the correct identification for a female voice was 30% and for a male voice 40%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stefan Brachmański

1

e-mail:

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Bartosz Hus

1

Piotr Staroniewicz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Department of Acoustics, Multimedia and Signal Processing Wrocław University of Science and Technology

Performance of the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communication System with Differential Detection in Strong Multipath Propagation Conditions

Jan H. Schmidt Iwona Kochańska Aleksander M. Schmidt

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 129-140 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148771

Keywords direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS m-sequences Kasami codes shallow-water channel multipath propagation underwater acoustic communications UAC

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Abstract

The underwater acoustic communication (UAC) operating in very shallow-water should ensure reliable transmission in conditions of strong multipath propagation, significantly disturbing the received signal. One of the techniques to achieve this goal is the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technique, which consists in binary phase shift keying (BPSK) according to a pseudo-random spreading sequence.
This paper describes the DSSS data transmission tests in the simulation and experimental environment, using different types of pseudo-noise sequences: m-sequences and Kasami codes of the order 6 and 8. The transmitted signals are of different bandwidth and the detection at the receiver side was performed using two detection methods: non-differential and differential.
The performed experiments allowed to draw important conclusions for the designing of a physical layer of the shallow-water UAC system. Both, m-sequences and Kasami codes allow to achieve a similar bit error rate, which at best was less than 10 ⁻³. At the same time, the 6th order sequences are not long enough to achieve an acceptable BER under strong multipath conditions. In the case of transmission of wideband signals the differential detection algorithm allows to achieve a significantly better BER (less than 10 ⁻²) than nondifferential one (BER not less than 10 ⁻¹). In the case of narrowband signals the simulation tests have shown that the non-differential algorithm gives a better BER, but experimental tests under conditions of strong multipath propagation did not confirm it. The differential algorithm allowed to achieve a BER less than 10 ⁻² in experimental tests, while the second algorithm allowed to obtain, at best, a BER less than 10 ⁻¹. In addition, two indicators have been proposed for a rough assessment which of the detection algorithms under current propagation conditions in the channel will allow to obtain a better BER.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan H. Schmidt

1

Iwona Kochańska

1

Aleksander M. Schmidt

1

Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Department of Signals and Systems Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk, Poland

The Influential Factors and Prediction of Kuroshio Extension Front on Acoustic Propagation-Tracked

Weishuai Xu Lei Zhang Hua Wang

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 95-106 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148767

Keywords Kuroshio Extension front acoustic propagation convergence zone prediction

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Abstract

The Kuroshio Extension front (KEF) considerably influences the underwater acoustic environment; however, a knowledge gap persists regarding the acoustic predictions under the ocean front environment. This study utilized the high-resolution ocean reanalysis data (JCOPE2M, 1993–2022) to assess the impact of the KEF on the underwater acoustic environment. Oceanographic factors were extracted from the database using the Douglas-Peucker algorithm, and acoustic propagation characteristics were obtained using the Bellhop raytracing model. This study employed a backpropagation neural network to predict the acoustic propagation affected by the KEF. The depth of the acoustic channel axis and the vertical gradient of the transition layer of sound speed were identified as the fundamental factors influencing the first area of convergence, with correlations between the former and the distance of the first convergence zone ranging from 0.52 to 0.82, and that for the latter ranging from −0.42 to −0.7. The proposed method demonstrated efficacy in forecasting first convergence zone distances, predicting distances with less than 3 km error in >90% of cases and less than 1 km error in 68.61% of cases. Thus, this study provides a valuable predictive tool for studying underwater acoustic propagation in ocean front environments and informs further research.

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Authors and Affiliations

Weishuai Xu

1

Lei Zhang

2

Hua Wang

2

No. 5 Student Team, Dalian Naval Academy Dalian, Liaoning, China
Department of Military Oceanography and Hydrography and Cartography Dalian Naval Academy Dalian, Liaoning, China

Low-Frequency Sound Absorption Potential of Subwavelength Absorbers Based on Coupled Micro-Slit Panels

Yujie Qian Zhengyuan Gao Jie Zhang

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 121-128 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148766

Keywords coupled MSP (CMSP) cavity-depth optimal scheme (COS) panel thickness optimal scheme (TOS) low frequency absorption performance

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Abstract

Due to space limitations during installation, reducing low-frequency noise has always been a challenging area. Sub-wavelength structures are typically favored in such scenarios for noise reduction. This paper explores the potential of micro-slit panels (MSP) for low-frequency sound absorption. To further optimize the panel thickness, coupled MSPs (CMSP) with a distance between two MSPs of less than 1 mm are proposed. Firstly, the low-frequency absorption performances of a single MSP based on two optimized schemes – the cavity-depth optimal scheme (COS) and the panel thickness optimal scheme (TOS) – are examined and compared with those of existing ultrathin metamaterials. The results demonstrate that MSP has significant potential for low frequency sound absorption, and COS allows for a smaller overall structural thickness but a larger panel thickness than TOS. Secondly, to reduce the panel thickness, the CMSP is developed and the theoretical model of its acoustic impedance is established and validated by experiments. Then, based on the theoretical model, the low-frequency absorption potential of CMSP is optimized using COS. The results show that both the overall thickness and the panel thickness of the CMSP absorber are reduced while maintaining better performance. Furthermore, the proposed absorber achieves a subwavelength scale since its total thickness can be as small as 0.138λ.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yujie Qian

1

Zhengyuan Gao

1

Jie Zhang

1

College of Information Science and Engineering, Hohai University Changzhou, China

DOA Estimation of Ultrasonic Signal by Indirect Phase Shift Determination

Bogdan Kreczmer

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 1 | 107-120 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148773

Keywords direction of arrival signal phase sonar ultrasonic range finder

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Abstract

The paper presents the concept of the method of determining the direction of ultrasonic signal arrival, i.e., the azimuth and elevation angles. This method is an extension of the previous approach which was proposed to determine only the azimuth angle. The approach is based on the indirect phase determination. This makes it possible to tolerate spacing of receivers greater than half the wavelength of the received signal. At the same time, it provides increased measurement accuracy and reduced hardware requirements. To check the robustness of the method, simulations were carried out for the geometric arrangement of the receivers of the sonar module, for which the method was then implemented. This sonar module was used in the conducted experiments. The results of these simulations and experiments are included in the paper and discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bogdan Kreczmer

1

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ORCID:

Department of Cybernetics and Robotics, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wrocław, Poland

The Effect of Carbide Concentration at Grain Boundaries on Thermal Stresses in Castings for Heat Treatment Furnace Tooling

A. Bajwoluk P. Gutowski

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 149-157 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149263

Keywords Cast grates thermal stresses Heat treatment equipment Thermal shock

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Abstract

Austenitic Fe-Ni-Cr alloys are commonly used for the production of castings intended for high-temperature applications. One area where Fe-Ni-Cr castings are widely used is the equipment for heat treatment furnaces. Despite the good heat resistance properties of the materials used for the castings, they tend to develop cracks and deformations over time due to cyclic temperature changes experienced under high temperature operating conditions. In the case of carburizing furnace equipment, thermal stresses induced by the temperature gradient in each operating cycle on rapidly cooled elements have a significant influence on the progressive fatigue changes. In the carburized subsurface zone, also the different thermal expansion of the matrix and non-metallic precipitates plays a significant role in stress distribution. This article presents the results of analyses of thermal stresses in the surface and subsurface layer of carburized alloy during cooling, taking into account the simultaneous effect of both mentioned stress sources. The basis for the stress analyzes were the temperature distribution in the cross-section of the cooled element as a function cooling time, determined numerically using FEM. These distributions were taken as the thermal load of the element. The study presents the results of analyses on the influence of carbide concentration increase on stress distribution changes caused by the temperature gradient. The simultaneous consideration of both thermal stress sources, i.e. temperature gradient and different thermal expansions of phases, allowed for obtaining qualitatively closer results than analyzing the stress sources independently

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Bajwoluk

1

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P. Gutowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mechanical Engineering Faculty, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Al. Piastów 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland

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