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Number of results: 22
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Abstract

The article presents the investigations of fluidized combustion of oily wastes derived from cold rollingmill process on a zeolite bed. Oily wastes generated in the rolling-mill process arc one of the most hazardous residues from metallurgical works because the toxic additives content. The experiments were carried out using a small laboratory combustor with full measurement equipment. The measurement apparatus associated with the combustion chamber made it possible to measure the basic parameters of the process including the composition of exhaust gasses. It has been shown that the combustion of oily wastes from cold rolling-mill process can be conducted efficiently and friendly for the environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sławomir Leszczyński
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Abstract

TCE artificially contaminated soil was cleaned under anaerobic, reductive conditions. A laboratory scale treatability studies were carried out to determine optimal physico-chcmical and microbiological parameters for biorcmcdiation process. Upon treatability studies results a sewage sludge mixture was chosen as a microorganism's source. The chlorinated solvents contaminated soil bioreactor (CSCS bioreactor) was designed and built. It consists of a 6 m3 reactor vessel, a gas recirculation system, a leachate recirculation system and a data acquisition system. The bioreactor vessel was designed as a continuous gas flow packed bed reactor. During 210 days 4 Mg of soil containing approximately 350 mg TCE/kg of soil has been completely remediated under anaerobic conditions. The obtained results indicate that the stepwise dechlorination of TCE to ETH occurs in the bioreactor. Increasing amounts of chloride in the leachate were correlated with dechlorination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Worsztynowicz
Dorota Rzychoń
Tomasz Siobowicz
Sebastian lwaszenko
Grażyna Płaza
Krzysztof Ulfig
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Abstract

During the process of ,,enhanced coagulation" except for colloids and suspensions removal, the removal of associated organic compounds including DPD (Disinfection By-Products) precursors is crucial. It is often necessary to decrease color and turbidity of treated water to values which arc significantly lower than accepted for drinking water. On the basis of presented results of the research it was found out that under strict technological conditions coagulation of low mineralization waters ensures effective treatment, including significant THMs precursors removal, even when water is of low temperature. However, it is necessary to apply two different methods of coagulation (volumetric coagulation and direct filtration) dependently of water temperature with the usage of the same equipment (a flocculation chamber, a vertical sedimentation tank and a pressure rapid filter) including the same point of a coagulant dosing. During the periods of ,,high temperature" the treatment should be based on volumetric coagulation and during the periods of ,,low temperature" of water direct filtration should be applied.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Gumińska
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Abstract

550 individual odour intensity (S) assessments of 62 samples of air polluted with 2-propanol were collected (concentration c = 46-2 1000 mg/m3). The data were used to establish odour detection threshold of 2-propanol by extrapolation to S = 0 in the coordinate system of S-log c. The obtained values were compared with triangular tests results and data published in the literature. A reason for apparent positive deviations from Weber-Fechner law within a range of low odour intensities was indicated,
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Kośmider
Beata Krajewska
Monika Sosialuk
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Abstract

This study presents the results of investigations, carried out on the Czamiawka River from December 2003 to June 2004. The results indicate the changes of physicochemical parameters of water quality. High concentration of ammonium nitrogen, COD and orthophosphates are probably caused by discharge of municipal waste-water. A drop of ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen concentration along the river course is probably caused by inflow of water without these components. High salinity and very high concentration of suspended solids below the "Makoszowy" coal-mine is caused by discharge of coalmine water and carbon dust from coal washer. All of the discussed parameters of water quality (except for pH-index and nitrate nitrogen) are beyond official classification. In comparison to previous analyses a slight improvement of water quality can be observed, especially in the top length. In the estuary water quality deteriorates. Although the Czarniawka River is small, it is one of the most important Kłodnica River contamination sources. Improvement of the existing situation will be possible only if firm waste-water management action will be taken, especially in the "Makoszowy" coal-mine area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Witold Nocoń
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Kostecki
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The research was carried out on a small (52.8 ha) and shallow (4 m) Lake Track in Olsztyn, exposed to a considerably intense anthropogenic pressure. In the middle 1800s this reservoir was dried out and most of the contiguous land was designated for agricultural purposes. The lake was restored in the mid 1900s. At present, the drainage basin of Lake Track is 216 ha. Urban land comprises the largest portion of this area, i.e. 49.3%, barren land 41.4% and forests 6. I%. The lake receives storm waters but for years it had also received sanitary sewage. The results of this research allowed classifying the lake as nutrient-rich, with fairly advanced eutrophication processes. The waters were characteristic of very high nutrients content, up to 0.75 mg P/dm3 and 3.87 mg N/dm3. The high fertility of Lake Track was additionally confirmed by high BOD, values, i.e. up to 9.5 mg 0/dm3, high chlorophyll content, usually from 30 to 40 mg/m3 but reaching 123 mg/m3, and low water transparency, oscillating between 0.6 and 0.9 m. The reason for the lake's high trophic level was no doubt the excessive loading from the drainage basin. The actual nutrient runoff from the drainage basin to the lake exceeded the critical loads, as defined by Vollenweider. Low quality of the lake's waters and the parallel high external loading indicate that preventive measures should be taken, aimed at reducing the external loading.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Grochowska
Helena Gawrońska
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Abstract

The nature and concentration of aerosol particles affect the classroom indoor air quality and have a significant impact on children's and youth's health. The results of investigation of trace elements concentrations, grain size and mineral distribution of aerosol particles and precipitation inside one of the classrooms in Lublin University of Technology have been presented. They were compared with the results of investigation of outdoor aerosols and precipitation. A significant difference between the indoor and outdoor particulate matter was shown. The indoor aerosols contained more Ca and K, while Fe and Pb predominated in outdoor aerosols. The attempt to identify sources of pollution in the classroom indoor air was undertaken on the basis of these results. It was emphasized that quantitative data from studies of aerosol particles in classrooms could play an important role in determination of students' exposure to specific contaminants connected with inhaled aerosols. Utility of such investigations for activities which eliminate sources of hazardous aerosols in schools was also pointed out.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bernard Połednik
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Abstract

In this work the effectiveness of the biotransformation of phosphogypsum in the cultures of sulphatereducing bacteria (SRB) was studied. SRB were isolated from soil contaminated with automobile fuel. The microorganisms were grown by two methods: the enrichment of the cultures and microcosms in: Postgate, minimal medium (with phenol, acetate or lactate) and Emerson medium. All media contained phosphogypsum as electron acceptors. The isolated microorganisms were passage in medium containing different carbon compounds: ethanol, lactate, phenol, acetate casein or lactose to test the effectiveness of biotransformation of phosphogypsum depending on the source of carbon used. In cultures in Postgate medium with lactate or casein there were found the maximal H2S concentration (654 and 540 mg HS-/dm3) and maximal decrease of phosphogypsum 84% and 64%, respectively. The isolated microorganisms utilised alcohol, sugar, protein and phenol.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Wolicka
Włodzimierz Kowalski
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Abstract

Anaerobic digested sludge supernatant is rich in phosphates and ammonia nitrogen. Phosphates can be almost completely removed in the process of struvite precipitation. Simultaneously, if only magnesium is supplied, usually only a minor part of ammonia equivalent to phosphates will be removed. Increase in pH to about 8.5 or above leads to the presence of free ammonia which affects the struvite crystals form. The possibility of additional ammonia removal with an external or internal source of phosphates was also accounted for. The final product (precipitate) could be considered as a "biofertilizer" or "biosoil" in connection to the technology applied.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Suschka
Sebastian Popławski
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Abstract

Studies were carried out in the summer seasons of l 995-1999 (from June to September) on the quantitative and qualitative composition of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria (including Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.), and potentially pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus sp. in the water of 8 bathing sites of the Lake Wigry. Aeromonas hydrophila occurred in the all samples of studied water and was the most numerous in water sampled from sites of increased trophic levels. Irrespective of the site and time of sampling Pseudomonas aeruginosa was rarely isolated. In the total of 160 samples of water analysed Salmonella sp.. Escherichia coli and Staphyloccocus aureus were determined in 32 (22.6%), 68 (42.4%) and 90 (55%) samples, respectively. Pathogenic bacteria of the genus Salmonella sp. and potentially pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila identified in the analysed offshore waters (also when Escherichia coli were absent) suggest that the use of the Lake Wigry waters for swimming, falling into account faecal bacterial counts, may not be sufficient to fully reflect safety conditions for bathers. The results of the research suggest that the evaluation of the Lake Wigry surface waters for recreational use should include the frequency of the occurrence of Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These three species, which arc not directly linked to faecal contamination, can cause various diseases of the skin, nasal and oral cavities, eyes, internal car and other problems in people swimming in contaminated water.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Korzeniewska
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a sanitary and bacteriological study of Lake Hańcza and its influents and an outflow. The study was conducted from April to October in the years 1998-2000, at 9 sites situated on the lake (pelagic zone, near-shore waters, ecotonal zone), 4 sites situated on the influents (the Czarna Hańcza and Stara Hańcza Rivers, the Spod Przełomki stream and the stream flowing from Lake Boczniel) and one situated on the Czarna Hańcza River, which flows out of Lake Hańcza. Total Viable Count at 20°C (TYC 20°C) and Total Viable Count at 37°C (TYC 37°C) were used as indicators of pollution, while Total Coli (TC), Faecal (therrnotolerant) Coli (FC) and Faecal Streptococcus - Enterococcus (FS) - as indicators of the sanitary state. The indicator bacteria number in the waters of Lake Hańcza and in the outflowing waters were usually typical of clean surface waters (purity class I). The bacteria number in the water inflowing to Lake Hańcza was much higher than that measured in the water of the lake and was usually similar to the values typical of slightly polluted (purity class II) and heavily polluted waters (purity class III). Throughout the study period, higher indicator bacteria numbers were measured in summer months; in other periods a higher number was found only sporadically. Its increase in subsequent years of study in the water at the established sites may be an indication of the increasing effect of allochtonie factors on the waters of Lake Hańcza.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Gotkowska-Plachta
Ewa Korzeniewska
Stanisław Niewolak
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Abstract

This article describes monitoring results of raw wastewater from one Polish municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The residues of 30 pharmaceutics belonging to particular drugs classes such as contrast media. antibiotics, lipids regulators, antiphologisties, psychiatric and anticpilcptic agents, drug's metabolites and 2 musk compounds have been investigated. The investigation showed occurrence of 20 out of 32 selected compounds above their limit of detection. Iopromide, a compound belonging to contrast media, was noticed at the highest concentration. The concentration of this compound in WWTP-influent was equaled to 27.0 μg/dm3• Other drugs, such as, like iopamidol, iomeprol, diatrizoat, iohexol, sulfomethoxazole, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, ibuprofen-OH, naproxen, diclofenac, bczafibrate, ketoprofen, and musk compound - galaxolide were detected at maximum concentration between I .O μg/dm3 (bezafibratc) and 13.0 μg/dm3 (iomcprol). The acidic compounds such as gemfibrozil and indomethacin were determined above their limit of detection, with concentration up to 0.22 μg/dm3 and 0.42 ug/dm', respectively. Based on the literature data, the above-mentioned drugs arc not completely removed from sewage during treatment processes and with effluent from WWTP they are introduced to receiving waters. Due to their chemical properties, residues of pharmaceutics may persist in the environment and the present knowledge about their ccotoxicological effects is insufficient.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Felis
Korneliusz Miksch
Joanna Surmacz-Górska
Thomas Ternes
Keywords HTAC gas combustion
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Abstract

HTAC (High Temperature Air Combustion) technology is one of the most important achievements in combustion engineering of recent years. The main idea of the technology is to organize combustion in such a way that reaction takes place in almost whole volume of combustion chamber with very uniform gas and temperature field. It can be done by preheating air above the ignition temperature of fuel, separation of air and fuel nozzles and by high recirculation inside the combustion chamber. Uniform and moderated temperatures result in very low thermal NO emission, and on the other hand, long enough rcsiclcncc time in the chamber results in low CO and incomplete products emission. In this paper authors present simple mathematical model which allows for estimation of influence of air temperature and flue gas recirculation rate on final emission on NO and CO.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kamil Malczyk
Andrzej Szlęk
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Abstract

The research was conducted in a relatively small (26.8 ha) but quite deep (17.3 m) Lake Długie in Olsztyn, Poland. For over 20 years the lake was collecting sewage which eventually caused its complete degradation. In 1987-2000 the lake was restored using the artificial aeration method with destratification of water. The results showed that the artificial aeration effectively limited the internal loading. Application of this restoration method resulted in reduction of phosphorus compounds concentrations in the analyzed water strata. The decrease of TP in bottom sediments (to the level of 3-4 mg P g·' DW) was probably associated with the fact that a new layer of sediments was created, reflecting a change in the aquatic conditions caused by the restoration. The investigations conducted in the reference years showed that the changes were not permanent. A high concentration of phosphorus compounds in bottom sediments, low sorptivc capacity and a tendency to oxygen deficiency, indicate that further possibility to decrease the amount of phosphorus compounds in the lake by this restoration method is limited.
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Authors and Affiliations

Renata Brzozowska
Helena Gawrońska
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Abstract

The development of economic and efficient processes for the removal of toxic metals from water bodies has become a priority task for environmentalists. Biosorption processes are tangible alternatives to traditional methodologies, particularly if low metal concentration, large volume and cost are considered. The present communication reports the unexploited sorption properties of the Saraca indica leaf powder (SILP) for the removal of Cd(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous media. Sorption studies using standard practices were carried out in batch experiments as a function of biomass dosage, metal concentration, contact time, particle size and pH. Sorption studies result into the standardization of optimum conditions for the removal of Cd(II) - 92.60% and Ni(II) - 46.20% as follows: biomass dosage (4.0 g), metal concentration (Cd(II) 10 μg/cm3, Ni(ll) 10 μg/cm3) and volume of the test solution (200 cm') at pH 6.5 for Cd(II) and Ni(II). The present study explores for the first time, the efficacy of Saraca indica leaf powder as a novel and environment friendly possibility to remediate heavy metal contaminated water in a cost efficient manner.
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Authors and Affiliations

M.M. Srivastava
Aditya Chauhan
Pushpa Kumari
Parul Sharma
Shalini Srivastava
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Abstract

The processes occurring at the marine water - atmosphere boundary layer and involving selected important components of our environment arc discussed. Special attention is focused on the specific role of the marine water surface microlayer in transfer of those components, properties of aerosols, fundamental question of CO2 absorption/desorption balance and environmental conditions enabling re-emission of mercury from marine water into the atmosphere. Simple laboratory experiments on CO2 absorption from atmosphere and desorption of CO2 from marine water arc shown as an initial point for any wider discussion on the global carbon budget. The emission of mercury to the atmosphere is considered to be promoted by the solar radiation. Under strong solar radiation the ability of organic matter to reduce these ions is enhanced thus making the emission more effective. The phenomenon observed seems to be confirmed by the analysis of the data for months of low and high radiation intensity. A sign i fi cant role of atmospheric iron in cutophication of southern Baltic is emphasized. Concentration of this clement in dry and wet deposition is, however, too low to prevent limitation of phytoplankton growth in marine water.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lucyna Falkowska
Anita Lewandowska
Jozef Magoński

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