This article aims to present the issues related to the legal framework for conducting economic activity in the form of marine aquaculture, consisting of farming marine organisms. The work analyses mainly selected the regulations of international law because it is these regulations that shape the rights and obligations of states, producers, farmers and society in the field of ocean farming, as well as in the context of marine resources, which are undoubtedly a common good for all mankind. The author also discusses the legal status of maritime areas in which aquaculture is cultivated.
The main reason behind the development of the International Safety Management Code was a series of tragic maritime accidents at the end of the twentieth century caused by human error. The ISM Code has introduced a brand new instrument, the safety management system (SMS), to the set of already existing legal devices, established to ensure safety during ship operation. Properly applied and implemented within the shipping company, SMS can be an advantage that will not only result in a measurable increase in the level of safety, but will also result in cost optimization and an increase in the company’s reputation. However, if an SMS is conceived without commitment and conviction on the part of the management, it will be only an empty and façade, bureaucratic procedure that will not only fail its purpose, but will also only be an additional burden for all staff. The following article will present the characteristics of SMS and its impact both on the broadly understood safety in the shipping company, and including vessels in its fleet, moreover the requirement of the efficiency of SMS procedures specified in shipboard manual for each vessel will be emphasized, which is the need to create a new safety culture.
The article presents the main elements of the European transport policy and the issues prevailing in the public debate in the last decade, i.e. 2010-2020. In particular, it analyses the challenges for European transport resulting from the need to combat climate change and to ensure a high level of environmental protection and safety, while taking into account the progressing technological revolution. The main assumptions of the European Green Deal, which aims to achieve climate neutrality by the European Union by 2050, are presented. The example of maritime transport serves to describe how various transport sectors are being brought into line with EU climate targets.
O Polskiej Stacji Polarnej Hornsund im. Stanisława Siedleckiego na Spitsbergenie mówi prof. dr hab. Piotr Głowacki z Zakładu Badań Polarnych i Morskich Instytutu Geofizyki PAN, którym kierował przez 15 lat.
Dlaczego badamy polarne regiony Ziemi? Odpowiedź jest taka sama jak na typowe pytanie, dlaczego alpinista chodzi w góry: „Bo one są!”. A na dodatek okolice biegunów są bardzo ważne dla całej planety. Także dla naszego kraju.
O psychologicznych konsekwencjach długotrwałego pobytu na stacji polarnej mówi dr Agnieszka Skorupa z Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
Dla wielu ludzi Arktyka to nie chwilowy przystanek, ale dom. Naukowcy muszą więc odpowiedzieć nie tylko na pytanie, co ona znaczy dla świata, lecz także jak świat może pomóc jej mieszkańcom.
O Polskiej Stacji Antarktycznej im. Henryka Arctowskiego na Wyspie Króla Jerzego mówi dr hab. Robert Bialik, kierownik Zakładu Biologii Antarktyki Instytutu Biochemii i Biofizyki PAN.
Integracja badań polarnych w Polsce w ramach Komitetu Badań Polarnych PAN, Polskiego Konsorcjum Polarnego i Centrum Studiów Polarnych KNOW to sukces krajowego środowiska polarnego. Dzięki niej możliwe było wypracowanie Strategii Polskich Badań Polarnych (SPBP).
Spitsbergen to nie tylko lodowce, lecz także mszarniki z bujną roślinnością tundrową przypominającą zielone dywany pokrywające wybrzeże i sąsiedztwo kolonii głośnych ptaków. Co łączy zielone górskie dywany, morze i ptaki?
Nie zawsze chcieliśmy zostać polarnikami. O tym, że staliśmy się pierwszym małżeństwem, które zimowało w obu polskich stacjach, zadecydował przypadek. I odrobina odwagi.
This article deals with the influence of the maritime pilot on safety of navigation. The role of the pilot is somewhat marginalized, although his activity is directly related to ensuring the safety of navigation in sea ports, protection of the marine environment and minimizing the risk of collision with ships and port infrastructure. Pilot services have been entrusted to private entrepreneurs who meet certain legal requirements and are subject to supervision by the maritime administration. The article contains a reference to the decisions of the Maritime Chamber in Gdańsk in a case, in which the maritime pilot contributed to an accident in the port of Gdańsk and the analysis of these decisions in the context of the role of the pilot in the safety of navigation in port.
Standard shipping documents such as bills of lading, charter parties, ship management contracts or cargo declarations are prepared to facilitate international maritime traffic. Their application improves the process of determining the content of various types of contracts, which is important in view of the increasing pace of economic turnover. The Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) plays a leading role in the development of such documents. The shipping documents it creates, as well as individual contractual clauses, are widely used in global shipping. BIMCO's activity, including its contribution to the creation of rules, general terms and standard contracts for international trade, is fundamental, and BIMCO itself can be considered the most important international maritime non-governmental organization in this respect.
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