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Influence of kaolinite crystallinity and calcination conditions on the pozzolanic activity of metakaolin

Yuanyuan Liu Qian Huang Liang Zhao Shaomin Lei

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 39-56 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.136295

Keywords kaolin crystallinity calcination conditions pozzolanic activity

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Abstract

Two kaolin ores with the almost same fineness and purity of original kaolinite but possessing different kaolinite crystallinity (Hinckley Index) were selected to study the influence of crystallinity and calcination conditions on the pozzolanic activity of metakaolin after dehydroxylation. The different calcination conditions were conducted by altering the calcination temperature and holding time to obtain different metakaolin samples with different degrees of dehydroxylation. Then pozzolanic activities of metakaolin samples were tested by the modified Chapelle test, Frattini test and strength evaluations. Additionally, the apparent activation energies of two kaolin ores were calculated to study the thermal properties of kaolinite by isoconversional methods followed by iterative computations. The results showed that pozzolanic activities were dependent on the degree of dehydroxylation, except for the metakaolins calcined at 900℃ due to the fact that recrystallization and high pozzolanic activity was conducted by complete dehydroxylation (degree of dehydroxylation ≥ 90%). Moreover, the lower crystallinity of original kaolinite favored the removal of the structural hydroxyls, leading to a reduction of apparent activation energy and increase of pozzolanic activity, indicating that the higher calcination temperature or longer holding time was required during calcination to reach the same degree of dehydroxylation and finally highly ordered kaolinite converted into the less active metakaolinite, which was confirmed by the lower Ca(OH)2 consumption in the modified Chapelle test, higher [CaO] and [OH] in the Frattini test and weaker compressive strength.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yuanyuan Liu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Qian Huang

1

Liang Zhao

1

Shaomin Lei

2

Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Structure Full-Life-Cycle Health Detection and Disaster Prevention, China
Wuhan University of Technology, China

Managing a mining enterprise in rapidly changing conditions as exemplified by Polska Grupa Górnicza SA

Patrycja Bąk Tomasz Rogala

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 99-116 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.136296

Keywords mining company managing a mining enterprise Polska Grupa Górnicza SA

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Abstract

In Polish mining enterprises, mining exploitation processes are often carried out in much more difficult geological and mining conditions. At the same time, underground operation must be carried out in accordance with the legal requirements concerning work safety and public safety. In these circumstances, taking into account the fact that hard coal mining is by nature a less competitive industry, it should be stated that in Poland managing a mining enterprise is a real challenge. Additionally, in the situation of the functioning of mining enterprises in the conditions of the market economy and constant changes in the economic situation for coal, both on the domestic and foreign markets, the degree of management difficulties, including planning and decision making, is constantly increasing. This is a result of not only the specificity of mining production processes, but also the need to conduct effective economic activity in a constantly and dynamically changing environment. During the implementation of changes in a mining enterprise, the variety of conditions often increases difficulties in the change forecasting system and generates a high risk of implementing adaptive measures. The changes may have a different scope – from gradual, aimed at improving the activities carried out or slowly adapting to changes in the environment, through changes in implemented processes, to radical changes in functioning, often associated with organizational changes.This article aims to present the method of managing a mining enterprise, Poland Grupa Górnicza SA, established during the period of significant changes that took place at that time, both in the company itself and in the hard coal mining industry.

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Authors and Affiliations

Patrycja Bąk

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tomasz Rogala

2

AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Polska Grupa Górnicza SA, Katowice, Poland

Land management recommendations for protecting potential copper and silver mining areas in Lubuskie Province, western Poland

Krzysztof Zieliński Stanisław Speczik Tomasz Bieńko Alicja Pietrzela

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 81-98 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.136297

Keywords deep copper and silver deposits Fore-Sudetic Monocline protection of mineral resources potential Cu-Ag mining areas Lubuskie Province

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Abstract

The protection of copper and silver ore resources in the Polish Lubuskie Province requires certain steps to be taken, the suggestions for which are presented in this article. It addresses both known and newly discovered ore deposits, as well as prospective areas and places of ongoing exploration, which throughout the paper are collectively recognized as potential Cu-Ag mining areas. The example of Lubuskie Province was chosen as an exceptional region with multiple known areas of copper and silver ore potential, but no active mining operations until now. The study focuses on the nature and location of all potential mining areas in Lubuskie Province, and subsequently suggests the means of their protection which can be implemented today, as well as in the future. Such means should be introduced by way of new or amended legal regulations. Certain major changes to Polish law are necessary to provide sufficient protection of both currently known, as well as possible future deposits, against such use of land which would prevent the extraction of their resources. The study shows that the legal regulations effective in Poland today are insufficient or too vague, as they do not include any provisions concerning prospective resources, as well as areas of active mineral exploration, instead focusing solely on officially registered mineral deposits. Therefore, the proposals of new solutions providing better protection of all potential Cu-Ag mining areas are presented in this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Zieliński

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Stanisław Speczik

2 1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tomasz Bieńko

2 1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Alicja Pietrzela

2 1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Miedzi Copper Corporation, Warszawa, Poland
University of Warsaw

Achieving United Nations sustainable development goals by the mining sector – a Polish example

Katarzyna Pactwa

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 57-80 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.136289

Keywords sustainable development sustainable mining non-financial reporting mining industry Poland

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Abstract

The article attempts to define issues related to sustainable development (SD) in the context of the mining industry. The purpose of this publication is to analyze the implementation of sustainable development goals by mining companies in Poland, including Lubelski Węgiel Bogdanka SA, KGHM Polska Miedź SA and the Górażdże HeidelbergCement Group. The work is based on a review of previous research, formulating the activities of the mining industry in accordance with each of the seventeen goals presented in the Agenda 2030. Non-financial reports were used to analyze the scope of implementation of SD goals in Poland, an expert assessment was used, which allowed the strengths and weaknesses of the industry in this particular area of interest to be formulated. A change in awareness towards SD in environmental, social and economic domains has undeniably taken place. Reports published by the companies inform about activities consistent with the particular SD objectives. The scope of their implementation varies across the analyzed entities. Increasing the exposure of the discussed topic improves the image of companies, but also allows to notice their efforts whilst indicating real actions that are deemed as good practices. Mining entrepreneurs struggle with limitations and difficulties in implementing changes. The main challenge is the environmental aspect. Undoubtedly, the means of persuasion (also in this regard) are legal regulations that require finalization, especially when it comes to the mining industry and the state’s raw materials policy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Pactwa

1

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ORCID:

Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland

Mineral waste in light of the provisions of the Act on waste, the Act on extractive waste, and the Geological and mining

Ryszard Uberman

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 117-140 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.136291

Keywords mineral resources mineral raw materials mineral waste waste from extractive industry terminology and classifications legal regulations mining and processing of raw materials

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Abstract

A systematic increase in the demand for mineral raw materials combined with the difficulty of obtaining them from primary sources, made it necessary to use secondary ones including mineral waste. The effectiveness of the management of mineral waste stored in landfills and from current production depends on many factors. The most important ones include the legal regulations of this activity and the technical and organizational determinants of deposit exploitation, processing, and refining of minerals.
The paper analyzes the current waste (including mining waste) management regulations. The technological discrepancies in these regulations, as well as missing or inaccurate classifications, were demonstrated. The interchangeable use of notions: mining/mine and extractive/extraction is a primary source of problems. It also has to be noted that accompanying and joint minerals are not defined in appropriate legislation. Attention was also paid to the omission of important issues in these regulations, e.g. product structure, construction of anthropogenic deposits, etc. It was emphasized and demonstrated with examples that the comprehensive and rational exploitation of mineral deposits, combined with processing and refining of mineral raw materials is an effective way of using mineral waste. The obtained results allowed for formulating proposals regarding legal provisions regulating waste management and the recommendation of technical and organizational solutions for the activities of mining, processing, and refining of mineral raw materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Uberman

1

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ORCID:

Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

The new mineral exploration strategies of selected major mineral-rich countries

Yu Yun

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 5-20 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.136292

Keywords mineral resource strategy visions aims measures

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Abstract

This paper first describes basic information on 13 mineral resource strategy reports issued by the world’s major mineral resource exploration countries and regions, including Australia, Canada, Europe, the U.S., Russia, and India. Through these strategic reports, we identified the problems facing current mineral exploration and development, such as mining issues, increased on land access and permitting, disincentives to obtain precompetitive geoscience information, and the urgent need to improve exploration technology to adapt to new demands. Then, by studying the visions and aims of the new mineral resource strategies, this paper found that the strategic goals have something in common: to display a new image of mining development. The new image of mining development is an image of advanced mining through green development, ecological protection, technology intensity, sustainability, and social acceptance, consolidating the primary position and foundational role of mineral resources and mining development in economic and social development. The new image creates a favorable development environment for the rational use and adequate protection of mineral resources. After that, a summary of the measures taken to achieve these objectives, which include strengthening domestic mineral exploration, increasing coordination between mineral exploration and ecological environmental protection, strengthening the life cycle management of the industrial chain, playing a significant role in scientific and technological innovation, and paying close attention to significant shifts in the focus on critical minerals, is provided.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yu Yun

1

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ORCID:

China Geological Survey Development and Research Center, China

Combined modelling for iron ore demand forecasting with intelligent optimization algorithms

Min Ren Jianyong Dai Wancheng Zhu Feng Dai

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 21-38 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.136293

Keywords iron ore demand combined model intelligent optimization algorithm forecasting accuracy

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Abstract

The stable supply of iron ore resources is not only related to energy security, but also to a country’s sustainable development. The accurate forecast of iron ore demand is of great significance to the industrialization development of a country and even the world. Researchers have not yet reached a consensus about the methods of forecasting iron ore demand. Combining different algorithms and making full use of the advantages of each algorithm is an effective way to develop a prediction model with high accuracy, reliability and generalization performance. The traditional statistical and econometric techniques of the Holt–Winters (HW) non-seasonal exponential smoothing model and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model can capture linear processes in data time series. The machine learning methods of support vector machine (SVM) and extreme learning machine (ELM) have the ability to obtain nonlinear features from data of iron ore demand. The advantages of the HW, ARIMA, SVM, and ELM methods are combined in various degrees by intelligent optimization algorithms, including the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. Then the combined forecast models are constructed. The contrastive results clearly show that how a high forecasting accuracy and an excellent robustness could be achieved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm combined model, it is more suitable for predicting data pertaining to the iron ore demand.

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Authors and Affiliations

Min Ren

1

Jianyong Dai

2

Wancheng Zhu

3

Feng Dai

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
University of South China, Hengyang, China
Northeastern University, Shenyang

The impact of corporate social responsibility on social acceptance as a determinant of the sustainable mineral extraction – Polish case study

Zuzanna Łacny Anna Ostręga

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 161-178 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.136294

Keywords corporate social responsibility social acceptance social license to operate mineral extraction

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Abstract

Corporate social responsibility policy is widely used by mining companies as a tool for reliable operation. However, the application of CSR activities does not ensure gaining social acceptance, which is crucial for undisrupted minerals extraction and project development. In this article, the authors review tools used by mining companies to implement and measure corporate social responsibility and examines the level of social acceptance for mining operations by conducting a survey among 78 members of the local community in Legnica–Głogów Copper Basin. The research is based on: 1. Existing methods of measuring Social License to Operate; 2. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method – proposed by the authors to verify its usefulness for defining factors that have an impact on the social acceptance for mining. The study, based on the case of one of the leading world’s copper producers, shows that despite the large financial outlays allocated to the development of the local community, mining companies struggle with achieving a full social license to operate. The hierarchization of factors influencing the perception of mining activity can help companies prioritize areas that require a deeper dialogue with the local community. The success of future extractive projects depends on proper recognition of local community attitudes towards mining. The findings show that the successful implementation of the CSR strategy should be preceded by a broad analysis of social conditions to meet the expectations of stakeholders.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zuzanna Łacny

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anna Ostręga

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland

Use of underground space for the storage of selected gases (CH4, H2, and CO2) – possible conflicts of interest

Radosław Tarkowski Barbara Uliasz-Misiak

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2021 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 141-160 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2021.136290

Keywords underground gas storage methane hydrogen carbon dioxide conflict of interest

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Abstract

The rational management of underground space, especially when used for various purposes, requires a comprehensive approach to the subject. The possibility of using the same geological structures (aquifers, hydrocarbon reservoirs, and salt caverns) for the storage of CH4, H2 and CO2 may result in conflicts of interest, especially in Poland. These conflicts are related to the use of the rock mass, spatial planning, nature protection, and social acceptance.
The experience in the field of natural gas storage can be transferred to other gases. The geological and reservoir conditions are crucial when selecting geological structures for gas storage, as storage safety and the absence of undesirable geochemical and microbiological interactions with reservoir fluids and the rock matrix are essential. Economic aspects, which are associated with the storage efficiency, should also be taken into account.
The lack of regulations setting priorities of rock mass development may result in the use of the same geological structures for the storage of various gases. The introduction of appropriate provisions to the legal regulations concerning spatial development will facilitate the process of granting licenses for underground gas storage. The provisions on area based nature protection should take other methods of developing the rock mass than the exploitation of deposits into account. Failure to do so may hinder the establishment of underground storage facilities in protected areas. Knowledge of the technology and ensuring the safety of underground gas storage should translate into growing social acceptance for CO2 and H2storage.

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Authors and Affiliations

Radosław Tarkowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Barbara Uliasz-Misiak

2

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Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Kraków, Poland

Isolation and identification of zinc ions and heparin binding proteins in yellow fraction of the red deer Cervus Elaphus L. semen

A. Orzołek K. Dyrda K. Rafalska P. Wysocki W. Kordan W. Giżejewski

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 69-78 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136794

Keywords red deer yellow fraction ZnBPs HBPs proteomics

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Abstract

During the rutting season, stag semen is accompanied by a sticky, dense secretion called yellow fraction (YF). There is little information about the role, biology, physiology, and most importantly, the composition of this fluid. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify zinc ions (ZnBPs) and heparin binding proteins (HBPs) from YF of the red deer ( Cervus elaphus L.). Using liquid chromatography, the presence of 6 fractions of ZnBPs (71, 65, 55, 16, 14 and 12 kDa) and 22 fractions of HBPs (163, 140, 96, 78, 71, 65, 55, 49, 33, 31, 26, 25, 24, 22, 18, 16, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9 and 8 kDa) in YF proteome was demonstrated. By means of two-dimensional electrophoreses and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry some of them were then identified. Amongst ZnBPs the following were identified: glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase, inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase-like, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 2, WD repeat-containing protein 38 isoform X4. Amongst the HBPs metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 (TIMP2), seminal plasma glycoprotein PSP-I and adseverin (scinderin) were identified. Identifying all ZnBPs and HBPs present in YF may broaden up-to-date knowledge concerning the biology, physiology and preservation of red deer semen.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Orzołek

1

K. Dyrda

1

K. Rafalska

1

P. Wysocki

1

W. Kordan

1

W. Giżejewski

2

Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland

Serum tT4, fT4 and TSH concentrations in German Shepherd dogs depending on age and type of work

I. Taszkun A. Milczak G. Kalisz P. Wilkołek J. Zwolska M. Szczepanik

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 63-68 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136793

Keywords canine hypothyroidism thyroid dog thyroxine concentration

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Abstract

Serum concentration of thyroid hormones in healthy dogs varies according to age, sex, breed or professional activity. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of both age and dogs’ work involvement on TSH and thyroid hormones values. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (tT4) and free thyroxine (fT4) were tested in the serum of 57 healthy, German Shepherd dogs. The dogs were divided into study groups according to age: dogs aged 3 to 6 years (A), dogs over the age of 6 years (B) and involvement: police-working dogs (C) and accompanying animals (D). Mean values of TSH, tT4 and fT4 ranged from 0.19 to 0.31 ng/ml, 15.58 to 17.25 nmol/L and 11.83 to 17.89 pmol/L, respectively. The highest values of TSH were in group B and the lowest were in group A, while there was an inverse dependence in case of fT4 concentration. The highest mean values of tT4 were in dogs in group C and the lowest in group B. There were statistically significant differences in TSH (p=0.007) and fT4 (p=0.003) concentrations between the age groups. The results indicate that a dog’s age is an important factor in the case of thyroid profile results interpretation.

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Authors and Affiliations

I. Taszkun

1

A. Milczak

2

G. Kalisz

3

P. Wilkołek

1

J. Zwolska

4

M. Szczepanik

1

Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głeboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland

The effects of lack of movement in sows during pregnancy period on cortisol, acute phase proteins and lymphocytes proliferation level in piglets in early postnatal period

M. Kulok K. Wojtas M. Ciorga Z. Pejsak R. Kołacz

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 85-92 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136796

Keywords lack of movement gestation crates sows stress piglets cortisol acute phaseprotein immunity

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Abstract

Prolonged exposure to stress may cause adverse effects on animal physiology. It is especially important during the gestation period as female physiology can affect the unborn offspring in the form of prenatal stress. Intensive pig farming industry developed gestation crates that enable to keep sows during gestation period in small stalls which do not allow animals to move freely for a maximum of 4 weeks after successful insemination (Council Directive 2008/120/EC). Although these crates have production advantages, many health and welfare issues have been raised recently. In this study we tested to what extent the lack of movement of sows kept in the gestation crates had an impact on some blood and saliva constituents of new-born piglets. In total, the samples were collected from 80 piglets when they were 3, 7 and 21 days of age and tested for cortisol levels in blood and saliva, acute phase proteins (amyloid A, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin) and lymphocytes proliferation index (in response to ConA, PHA and PWM). 40 piglets were from sows kept in free movement housing (FM group) from day 1 to day 100 of pregnancy and forty piglets were from sows in the movement restriction group (MR), in which the sows were kept in crates just allowing them to stand up and lie down from day 1 to day 100 of the pregnancy (research was conducted before the implementation Directive 2008/120/EC i.e. January 1,2013). The results of the study showed that the piglets delivered by sows kept under movement restriction conditions exhibited higher cortisol and acute phase protein levels as well as a lower lymphocytes proliferation index. This suggests that lack of movement in sows during the gestation period influences piglets’ physiology and indicates that the piglets are suffering from prenatal stress caused by insufficient housing conditions of their mothers potentially leading to poor health and welfare of their offspring.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Kulok

1

K. Wojtas

2

M. Ciorga

3

Z. Pejsak

4

R. Kołacz

3

Veterinary Clinic, Lisiny 33, 63-604 Baranów, Poland
Compassion in World Farming International, River Court, Mill Lane, Godalming, Surrey GU7 1EZ, United Kingdom
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Anti-babesial potential and chemical composition of essential oil from yarrow Achillea millefolium

L. Guz J. Wawrzykowski Ł. Adaszek

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 79-84 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136795

Keywords Achillea millefolium anitbabesial activity essential oil

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Abstract

Essential oils from plants used in traditional medicine are known as a rich source of chemically diverse compounds with specific biological activities. Achillea millefolium essential oil (AEO) was screened for in vitro activity against Babesia canis. The AEO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS revealed the presence of 47 compounds in the essential oil. Those present in the highest concentrations were chamazulene (34.45%), β-caryophyllene (8.93%), (E)-germacrene D (7.55%), patchoulene (7.27%), β-guaiene (4.62%), α-humulene (4.59%), santolina epoxide (4.41%), ethyl iso-allocholate (2.97%), aromadendrene (2.62%), and neoclovenoxid-alkohol (2.46%). AEO was found to be active in vitro against B. canis, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.06 mg/mL, as compared to imidocarb, with IC50 = 0.007 mg/mL. The study confirms that essential oil from A. millefolium has anti-babesial properties in vitro.

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Guz

1

J. Wawrzykowski

2

Ł. Adaszek

3

Department of Fish Diseases and Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Department of Animal Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland

Effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid on peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytotoxicity towards tumor cells in canines

T. Oyamada S. Okano

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 35-41 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136790

Keywords antitumor effect canines cytotoxicity NKG2D receptor peripheral blood mononuclear cell suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid

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Abstract

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) that suppresses the growth of tumor cells in humans and canines. SAHA reportedly enhances the antitumor activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). However, it is unclear whether a similar effect is exerted in canines. The present study focused on the effect of SAHA on the cytotoxicity of IL-2 activated PBMC in three tumor cell lines (CTAC, CIPm, and MCM-N1). The mRNA expression of a ligand for the NKG2D receptor was upregulated in SAHA-treated cell lines. Moreover, the SAHA-treated cell lines, except MCM-N1 demonstrated a significantly higher PBMC cytotoxicity compared to the untreated cell lines. Therefore, the NKG2DL upregulation likely enhanced the interaction of NKG2D-NKG2DL, leading to enhanced cytotoxicity of PBMC. It was also revealed that activated PBMC treated with SAHA significantly attenuated their cytotoxicity toward all the cell lines. Although the NKG2D, NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30 receptors, involved in PBMC cytotoxicity, were presumed to be downregulated, there was no significant reduction in the mRNA expression of these receptors. This study revealed that SAHA not only sensitizes the canine tumor cells to cytotoxicity due to PBMC activation, but also suppresses the cytotoxicity of PBMC themselves. Therefore, our results highlight the necessity of avoiding this inhibitory action to enhance the antitumor effect of SAHA in canines.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Oyamada

1 2

S. Okano

2

Animal Medical Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
Department of Small Animal Surgery 2, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23-35-1, Towada, Aomori, 034-8628, Japan

Maturation of bovine oocytes under low culture temperature decreased glutathione peroxidase activity of both oocytes and blastocysts

U. Şen

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 93-99 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136797

Keywords bovine temperature antioxidant activity oxidative stress oocytes blastocysts

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Abstract

It is known that the basic variable in the cellular environment is temperature and low temperature decreases cellular metabolism rate. Also, low cellular metabolic activity reduces oxidative stress, resulting in low ROS production. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of 36.5°C (low) and 38.5°C (conventional) incubation temperatures during IVM on glutathione peroxidase activity of oocytes and blastocysts following fertilization. Bovine oocytes were matured in medium-199 for 22 hours at either 36.5°C or 38.5°C and they were subjected to in vitro fertilization (IVF). Putative zygotes were then transferred randomly into SOFaa embryo culture media with or without antioxidant (a mixture of GSH and SOD) until development to the blastocyst stage. Glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GSH-Px) activity was lower (p<0.05) in oocytes matured at low temperature than those of conventional temperature. Similarly, GSH-Px activity was lower (p<0.05) in blastocysts, which were obtained from oocytes matured at low temperature and cultured in antioxidants-supplemented embryo media. The GSH-Px activity of blastocysts, obtained from oocytes matured in low temperature, cultured in antioxidants-free embryo media was similar to blastocysts obtained from oocytes matured in conventional temperature, cultured in antioxidants-supplemented embryo media. The results of the present study show that decreasing the in vitro maturation temperature decreases antioxidant enzyme activity in both oocyte and blastocyst. Additionally, maturation of bovine oocytes at 36.5°C incubation temperature may provide an optimal thermal condition for the enzymatic antioxidant system of both oocytes and blastocyst.

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Authors and Affiliations

U. Şen

1

Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, 55139, Samsun, Turkey

Biological variations of hematologic and biochemical parameters in cows during early lactation

V. Kovačević M.R. Cincović B. Belić R. Đoković I. Lakić M. Radinović A. Potkonjak

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 119-125 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136800

Keywords cow biological variability biochemistry hematology individuality index

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine biologic variations of the main parameters in cows in early lactation and to compare intra-individual variations of parameters in cows and other species. 50 cows were included in the experiment. Blood samples were taken at the moment of calving, then on 1st, 7th, 14th and 28th day after calving. CVi had the following values: 1.9-5% for MCV, MCH, MCHC, GLU, TProt, ALB, UREA, Ca, P and Mg; 5.1-10% for RBC, Hgb, Hct, WBC, NEU, LYM, BHB, ALT, CHOL, TGC and >10% for PLT, NEFA, TBil, AST and GGT. For RBC, Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH subject-based reference values or the reference change value should be used. For all other parameters except AST, population-based reference intervals should be used with caution. For LYM, NEU, PLT, GLU, TProt, ALB, CHOL and TGC index of individuality was close to 0.6 which means that subject-based reference values can be much more adequate to use then population-based reference intervals. For AST population-based intervals should be used. There is little effect of parity (increase CVi with parity) and no effect of milk production. CVi values obtained in cows in early lactation are specific because they deviate from the CVi values of other animal species and human. Calculated RCVs varied from 5.5% for MCHC to 41% for AST. High individuality index for many metabolic parameters opens possibility for development of model for longitudinal monitoring of metabolic status of individual animals during lactation. That requires further research.

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Authors and Affiliations

V. Kovačević

1

M.R. Cincović

1

B. Belić

1

R. Đoković

2

I. Lakić

1

M. Radinović

1

A. Potkonjak

1

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg D.Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Ul. Cara Dušana 34, 32000 Čačak, Serbia

Multiple retrospective analysis of survival and evaluation of cardiac death predictors in a population of dogs affected by degenerative mitral valve disease in ACVIM class C treated with different therapeutic protocols

M. Bagardi C. Locatelli A. Zanaboni A. Galizzi D. Malchiodi P.G. Brambilla

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 109-118 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136799

Keywords degenerative mitral valve disease dog median survival time therapeutic protocols prognosis

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Abstract

Clinical records of dogs with spontaneous degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) with clinical signs related to congestive heart failure (CHF) recruited during routine clinical practice between 2001 and 2018 at the Cardiology Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (University of Milan) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Baseline echocardiographic data were evaluated. Median survival time (MST) was calculated. Data on therapeutic treatment, ISACHC (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council) or ACVIM (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine) classes were reviewed based on the inclusion period and type of endpoint (i.e. cardiac death or death for other causes). A univocal classification was needed, and the patients classified in ISACHC classes II, IIIa and IIIb, visited before 2009, were reallocated to ACVIM class C. The main goal of this data review was to retrospectively evaluate 259 clinical records of subjects belonging to ACVIM C class examined between 2001 to 2018 and 202 dogs examined between 2010 to 2018. In this way, in the second group, the bias of the reclassification was avoided. The MST (median survival time) of these subjects was 531 d (2001-2018) and 335.5 d (2010-2018), respectively. Univariate survival regression analysis for subjects included from 2010 to 2018 showed as significantly related to cardiac death (CD): left atrium to aorta ratio (LA/Ao) (HR 2.754, p=0.000), E wave (HR 2.961, p=0.000), E/A ratio (HR 1.372, p=0.000), end-diastolic (HR 1.007, p=0.000) (EDVI) and end-systolic (HR 1.012, p=0.026) (ESVI) volume indexes, allometric diastolic (HR 4.018, p=0.000) (LVIDdN) and systolic (HR 2.674, p=0.049) (LVIDsN) left ventricular internal diameters, age (HR 1.006, p=0.009) and pulmonary hypertension severity (HR=1.309, p=0.012) (PH). Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, showed that the only variable that determined a statistically significant difference in MST was PH severity (HR 1.334, p=0.033). The type of therapeutic treatment within this class was not significant for the MST of the subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Bagardi

1

C. Locatelli

1

A. Zanaboni

2

A. Galizzi

1

D. Malchiodi

2

P.G. Brambilla

1

University of Milan, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Via dell’Università n. 6, 26900 Lodi (LO), Italy
University of Milan, Informatic Department, Via Giovanni Celoria n. 18, 20133 Milan (MI), Italy

The effect of dietary supplementation of sage plant extract and Enterocin M on the mucus in the the small intestine and caecum in rabbits

R. Szabóová A. Lauková R. Herich L. Tarabová Ľ. Chrastinová Z. Faixová Z. Maková E. Piešová

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 23-28 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.135815

Keywords rabbit enterocin sage mucus production intestine

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the beneficial effect of natural substances – enterocin M (Ent M; the proteinaceous substance produced by Enterococcus faecium CCM8558) and sage plant ( Salvia officinalis L.) extract on the production of mucus in the rabbits small intestine and caecum. Sixty four post-weaned rabbits (meat line M91) were divided into three experimental groups (EG – Ent M; SG – sage extract; ESG – combination Ent M with sage extract) and control group (CG). The experiment lasted for 35 days, the natural substances were administered during the first 21 days, Ent M in EG/ESG, sage extract in SG/ESG. The beneficial effect on mucus production quantity occured in the duodenum (p<0.001) and jejunum (p<0.01) in ESG compared to that found in CG on day 21, the prolonged effect in EG in the duodenum (p<0.001) compared to that observed in CG at the end of the experiment and to that in EG on day 21. The novelty of the study is in the application and monitoring the effect of non-rabbit-derived probiotic strain ( Enterococcus faecium CCM8558) bacteriocin – Enterocin M and sage plant extract on mucus quantity (expressed in gram) in different segments of the rabbit small intestine as well as the caecum. The results obtained indicate that supplementation of selected natural substances in the feed has the potent stimulatory effects on mucus production in the rabbit small intestine.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Szabóová

1

A. Lauková

2

R. Herich

1

L. Tarabová

1

Ľ. Chrastinová

3

Z. Faixová

1

Z. Maková

1

E. Piešová

1

University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 040 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute for Animal Production, Nitra – Lužianky, Slovak Republic

Protective role of silibinin over nickel sulfate-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats

F. Temamogullari A. Atessahin C. Cebi Sen N. Yumusak M.S. Dogru

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 29-34 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.135817

Keywords nickel silibinin male rats reproductive toxicity

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Abstract

Nickel damages the male reproductive system. We investigated the beneficial effects of silibinin which has metal-chelating and antioxidant properties over nickel toxicity. Both antioxidative effects in testes and overall effects related to sperm motility, membrane and acrosome integrity of orally administered Silibinin were evaluated against the harmful effects of 30 day of intraperitoneal nickel sulfate (5 mg/kg/day) administration in rats. Male rats were randomized into control (Group1; n=6) and three experimental groups (n=6, each): Group2 Nickel sulfate (5 mg/kg/day), Group3 Silibinin (150 mg/kg/day), and Group 4 Nickel sulfate (5 mg/kg/day) + Silibinin (150 mg/kg/day). We found higher sperm motility, viable sperm and total sperm count in Groups 3 and 4 than the Group 2 treatment groups and the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was similar in both groups (Groups 2 and 4). Increased apoptosis, activation of caspase3, 8, 9 and TUNEL were detected in Group 2. However, activation of caspase3, 8, 9 and TUNEL was reduced in Group 4. The protective effects of silibinin were demonstrated on histopathologic findings and some sperm parameters (sperm motility percentage, viable spermatozoa, sperm count, and abnormal spermatozoa percentage) in rats exposed to nickel.

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Authors and Affiliations

F. Temamogullari

1

A. Atessahin

2

C. Cebi Sen

3

N. Yumusak

4

M.S. Dogru

5

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Harran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 63200 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Fırat, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 23119 Elazığ, Turkey
Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, University of Harran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 63200 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
Department of Pathology, University of Harran, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 63200 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Aksaray, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 6800 Aksaray, Turkey

Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates from sheep and goat cheeses in eastern Slovakia

J. Výrostková I. Regecová E. Dudriková J. Maľová F. Zigo M. Kováčová J. Illek

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 13-22 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.135814

Keywords antimicrobial resistance sheep cheese goat cheese Staphylococcacae Enterobacteriacae

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of undesirable bacteria and their antimicrobial profile in samples obtained from a productive farm situated in border region Slanské vrchy (Slovakia), involved in keeping sheep and goats for the purpose of processing raw milk to special products (cheeses). Genus and species identification was carried out by PCR method and MALDI –TOF MS. Isolates thus identified were detected for antimicrobial resistance using the Agar Dilution Method.
Bacteria of Staphylococcus spp. exhibited the highest resistance to penicillin (98% isolates). Isolates from the family Enterobacteriacae showed the highest resistance to azithromycin (90%). At the same time, in isolates of Enterococcus spp. we detected high resistance to linezolid (100%). Our investigation showed that all tested strains were resistant to more than one antibiotic used in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Výrostková

1

I. Regecová

1

E. Dudriková

1

J. Maľová

1

F. Zigo

M. Kováčová

J. Illek

Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic

The effect of DDE and dieldrin and their parental substances (DDT and aldrin) on PGE2 and PGF2α release from bovine endometrial explants collected during 120 to 180 days of the gestational period

J. Mlynarczuk M.H. Wrobel K. Dobrzyn

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 5-12 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.135813

Keywords pesticides pregnancy endometrium prostaglandin secretion cattle

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Abstract

Dieldrin and DDE are environmental metabolites of the organochlorine pesticides aldrin and DDT, respectively. During pregnancy, these chemicals can quickly infiltrate through the placental barrier, accumulate in amniotic fluid and fetus, and act as endocrine disruptors (EDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DDE and dieldrin and their parental substances at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/ml on secretion of PGE2 and PGF2α from bovine endometrial explants (120-150 and 151-180 days of pregnancy) after 24 hr of incubation with EDs. The mRNA expression of COX2, PGES and PGFS and the concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2α were measured. EDs did not affect (p>0.05) COX2 gene expression, but DDT and DDE decreased (p<0.05) PGES expression and PGE2 secretion in the explants from 120-150 days of pregnancy. Depending on the dose, DDT and DDE increased (p<0.05) PGFS expression and PGF2α secretion from the explants from 120-150 days and decreased PGF2α secretion (p<0.05) from the explants from 151-180 days of pregnancy. Aldrin and dieldrin decreased (p<0.05) PGFS expression and PGF2α secretion from all explants. In summary, EDs disrupt the secretion of PGE2 and PGF2α by influencing the gene expression of PGES and PGFS.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Mlynarczuk

1

M.H. Wrobel

1

K. Dobrzyn

1

Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland

Feline ocular toxoplasmosis: seroprevalence, diagnosis and treatment outcome of 60 clinical cases

K.M. Ali A.M. Abu-Seida M. Abuowarda

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 51-61 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136792

Keywords cats chorioretinitis keratitis seroprevalence Toxoplasma gondii uveitis

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Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important protozoa zoonotic diseases worldwide. The present study describes the clinical, seroprevalence findings with ocular toxoplasmosis and the outcome of medicinal treatment of these cats. This study was carried out on 105 cats with various ocular signs, no historical evidence of ocular trauma or drug/vaccine exposure for at least 3 months prior to admission, and without clinical or laboratory evidence of other systemic diseases. Complete case history, physical and ophthalmic examinations were carried out. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was determined using the Toxoplasma Ab Rapid Test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Out of 105 examined cats with ocular lesions, 60 cats representing 57.14% were seropositive to T. gondii. Out of these 60 cats, 15 cats (25%) had bilateral ocular abnormalities, 25 cats (41.67%) had right-sided ocular disease, and 20 cats (33.33%) had left-sided ocular disease. There were 38 cats (63.33%) with anterior uveitis, 12 cats (20%) with posterior segment involvement, 5 cats (8.33%) with anterior uveitis and anterior chamber abnormalities, 3 cats (5%) with corneal abnormalities and 2 cats (3.34%) with anterior uveitis with concurrent corneal involvement. There was a significant difference in the index values of IgM and IgG between seropositive and seronegative cats with T. gondii antibodies (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the different ages, genders and breeds of cats with seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies as well as between the age and total number of cats with seropositive and seronegative T. gondii. Out of 60 treated cats, 28 cats (46.7%), 25 cats (41.7%) and 7 cats (11.6%) showed complete, partial and poor response to treatment, respectively. In conclusion, cats showing ocular signs without obvious etiology should be examined serologically for toxoplasmosis and the seropositive cats should be treated with both specific topical and systemic treatments.

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Authors and Affiliations

K.M. Ali

1

A.M. Abu-Seida

1

M. Abuowarda

2

Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO: 12211, Egypt

Development of a SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay for detection of novel porcine parvovirus 7

Y.D. Li Z.D. Yu C.X. Bai D. Zhang P. Sun M.L Peng H. Liu J. Wang Y. Wang

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 43-49 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136791

Keywords Capsid gene PPV7 SYBR Green I real-time PCR

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Abstract

In this study, we developed a SYBR Green I real-time PCR method for the rapid and sensitive detection of novel porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7). Specific primers were designed based on the highly conserved region within the Capsid gene of PPV7. The established method was 1,000 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR method and had a detection limit of 35.6 copies. This method was specific and had no cross-reactions with PCV2, PCV3, PRV, PEDV, PPV1, and PPV6. Experiments testing the intra and interassay precision demonstrated a high reproducibility. Testing the newly established method with 200 clinical samples revealed a detection rate up to 17.5% higher than that of the conventional PCR assay. The established method could provide technical support for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of PPV7.

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Authors and Affiliations

Y.D. Li

1

Z.D. Yu

2

C.X. Bai

2

D. Zhang

2

P. Sun

2

M.L Peng

2

H. Liu

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

J. Wang

4

Y. Wang

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, PR China
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
Anhui Animal Diseases Prevention and Control Center and Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Prevention and Control of Anhui Province, Hefei 230091, PR China
Animal Husbandry Base Teaching and Research Section, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Hebei 075000, PR China

Interferon-γ-mediated gene expression in porcine alveolar macrophage; An in vitro model

Q. Liu H.-Y. Wang

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 135-143 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136802

Keywords pig alveolar macrophage IFN-γ transcriptomic analysis

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Abstract

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are not only important immune cell of the host, but also important target cell of a variety of respiratory pathogens. They play an important role in defense against pathogen invasion and in maintaining tissue balance. Interferon (IFN)-γ is a well known multipotent cytokine that has antiviral and antibacterial immune activity and enhances antigen presentation. To better reveal the biological processes of porcine AMs activated by IFN-γ, transcriptomic analysis was performed using Illumina HiSeqTM technique. The results identified 2,248 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 753 were upregulated and 1,495 were downregulated, in porcine AMs 12 h after IFN-γ stimulation, compared with mock-treated porcine AMs. A gene ontology function enrichment analysis of these DEGs indicated that these genes were significantly enriched in functional clusters such as immune response, defense response, and intracellular signaling cascades. Analyzing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of the DEGs showed that these genes are mainly involved in cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, alpha linolenic acid metabolism, and the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. This study shows that a massive gene expression change occurred in porcine AMs following IFN-γ stimulation, which is critical for understanding the mechanisms of IFN-γ-mediated macrophage activation and immune regulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Q. Liu

1

H.-Y. Wang

1

Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control, and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131, China

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