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Decarbonization of the energy sector in Greece – is Greek coal mining over?

Wiktor Hebda

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 49-66

Keywords Greece Greek energy sector decarbonization Greek coal renewable energy sources

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Abstract

The following paper presents the process of decarbonization of the energy sector in Greece and points out to different methods the Greek authorities are adopting in order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases generated by electricity production. Greece is a country which is modernizing its energy sector gradually, yet dynamically. One of the prime aims is to reduce the level of energy produced in coal-fired power plants by focusing on the renewable energy and the gas sector. In 2010 still more than half of the electrical energy was generated by lignite-fired power plants. Almost ten years later the ratio has dropped to only slightly more than 30%. A significant reduction in coal consumption was possible thanks to investments in renewable energy sources, especially in the wind and solar energy sectors. Both sectors have seen a large increase in production, making renewable energy sources already accounting for over 20% of Greek electricity production. Capital-intensive investments were also made in the country’s gas supply through the expansion of gas-fired power plants and gas transmission networks. As a result, natural gas remains the main source of energy for Greece next to coal. Unfortunately, a big challenge in terms of decarbonization is the need for increased imports of electricity from abroad, due to the insufficient capacity of the Greek energy sector. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to define a Greek model of decarbonization and to point out to its benefits and dangers. Greek strategy might serve as an example of how to successfully solve the energy issues in the countries with similar energy profile.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wiktor Hebda

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Faculty of International and Political Studies, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland

The modeling and forecasting of fuel and energy resources usage in the context of the energy independence of Ukraine

Uliana Andrusiv Halyna Zelinska Olga Galtsova Halyna Kupalova Nataliia Goncharenkо

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 29-48

Keywords energy independence Ukraine fuel and energy resources model approach forecasting

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Abstract

The article analyzes the structure of energy resources, as a result of which the reasons for their irrational use in the Ukrainian economy are revealed. It has been established that during 2014–2018 there was a decrease in demand for traditional types of fuel and energy resources (FER), except for coal. The components of the process of supply and consumption of fuel and energy resources have been formed and detailed, and an integrated approach to their rational use has been developed, which will reduce the loss of energy resources and increase their efficiency. The author’s approach is used in the form of visualized schemes for organizing the process of the rational use of energy resources, which will contribute to the implementation of an effective energy saving policy of the state, ensuring the competitive advantages of domestic enterprises, increasing their competitiveness, improving the economic and energy security of Ukraine. The expediency of constructing deterministic economic models for providing the Ukrainian economy according to different (adaptive and multiplicative) convolutions was substantiated and proved, on the basis of which a forecast and assessment of the energy independence of the Ukrainian economy until 2035, taking into account fuel and energy resources, was proposed. Based on the calculations, it was established that the state of energy independence of Ukraine is insufficient.

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Authors and Affiliations

Uliana Andrusiv

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Halyna Zelinska

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Olga Galtsova

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Halyna Kupalova

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Nataliia Goncharenkо

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Department of Economics Theory and Management, Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ukraine
Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ukraine
Classical Private University, Ukraine
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine

Composite energy intensity index estimation in Iran: an exploration of index decomposition analysis

Mahta Ghafarian Ghadim Ali Faridzad

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 5-28

Keywords composite energy intensity index energy to GDP ratio index index decomposition analysis logarithmic mean Divisia index physical activity data

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Abstract

The role of energy as a key factor in enhancing sustainable development, energy security, and economic competitiveness is a reason that has made energy efficiency trends tracking essential and is why policymakers and energy planners have focused on energy intensity and its following issues. Also, the inadequate operation of the traditional energy intensity index and the overestimation of its results turned this index into a weak one. Hence, it is necessary to employ a new index that can be decomposed and is capable of considering both monetary and physical activity indicators to offer a more accurate view of the energy intensity variation. This paper develops a Composite Energy Intensity Index by combining monetary and physical activity indicators by applying the multiplicative Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) in 2001–2011 to decompose the factors affecting energy intensity change and seeks to fill the gap between the EGR and CEI indices. The results of the survey demonstrate more economy-wide energy consumption reduction while using the composite energy intensity index as compared to the traditional energy intensity index; also, the results show the relatively important role of the overall structure effect. From Sectoral perspective results, both energy to GDP index (EGR) and composite energy intensity index (CEI) have shown passenger transport as the most energy-consuming sector. The passenger transport sector reveals an urgent need for implementing appropriate policies to reduce the high energy consumption of the sector.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mahta Ghafarian Ghadim

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Ali Faridzad

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Department of Energy, Agriculture and Environmental Economics, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Iran

Slag waste of metallurgical production. Environmental and economic justification of their use in industry in Ukraine

Yuri Zakharovich Drachuk Elena Stalinskaya Elizaveta Snitko Evgeniya Zavgorodnyaya Monika Jaworska Larisa Savyuk Dmitry Cheylyakh

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 169-182

Keywords slag waste industries metallurgical production ecological expenditure

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Abstract

The relevance of the study is due to the need to identify the problems, features and consequences of strategic transformations in the metallurgical industry of Ukraine in the context of reviewing the circular process of organization of the economy, where the blast furnace, open-hearth and rolling production waste are of a high potential. The reuse of metallurgical waste has a number of economic advantages in terms of the chemical composition of the product life cycle. Blast furnace slag is suitable as a raw material in cement production and can be used as fillers in the construction of roads, hydraulic and environmental facilities, during reclamation works, etc. Agriculture actively uses slag as a fertilizer that contains potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, magnesium, boron – as an additive that reduces soil acidity. Currently, all slag can be processed into fertilizers or building materials. The economic effect of the use of slag in construction is accounted for in the relatively low cost of products, improvement of the quality and durability of the structures. The main positive consequences of smartization of the metallurgical industry are increase of its resource efficiency and environmental friendliness, negative – the low level of blast furnace slag use in various sectors of the economy compared to the experience of developed countries, an insufficiently developed legal framework. The mechanism of state management of the use of secondary raw materials, especially metallurgical origin, in conditions of shortage of energy resources and the intensive use of non-renewable natural resources remains an important scientific problem and requires further research.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yuri Zakharovich Drachuk

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Elena Stalinskaya

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Elizaveta Snitko

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Evgeniya Zavgorodnyaya

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Monika Jaworska

4 5

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Larisa Savyuk

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Dmitry Cheylyakh

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Institute of Economics Industry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Department of International Economic Relations, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
Department of Management, Lugansk National Taras Shevchenko University, Ukraine
Akademia Humanistyczno-Ekonomiczna w Łodzi
APEIRON Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego w Krakowie, Poland
Ivano-Frankivsk Legal Institute of Odessa National Law Academy, Ukraine
Institute of Industrial Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine

Economic and environmental assessment of the use of electric cars in Poland

Krystian Majchrzak Piotr Olczak Dominika Matuszewska Magdalena Wdowin

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 153-168

Keywords ecology transport electric vehicles electromobility NPV

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Abstract

Electromobility and electric cars are the words that began to gain significance in the social discourse in Poland especially intensively since 2017. Then, along with the announcement of the „Plan for the Development of the Electromobility Market in Poland”, government declarations appeared regarding one million electric cars that are to be used on Polish roads by 2025. It is already known today that such a result in Poland is impossible to achieve in the assumed time. According to the report of the Polish Alternative Fuels Association-PSPA (Polish EV Outlook 2020), in the event of introducing subsidies for the purchase of cars or subsidies, such as the possibility of 100% VAT deduction by buyers of such vehicles, the number of electric cars in Poland in 2025 could be over 280 thousand pcs. Without such government support, the Polish electric car park will be twice smaller. High prices of electric cars are one of the key barriers limiting Poles in making decisions related to the purchase of a vehicle. The aim of this article is to analyse the current state of the social environment in relation to the topic of ecological, electric cars. To what extent is it beneficial for the potential car owner to change from a traditional (petrol or diesel) car to an electric car due to purely financial benefits and other aspects? The article consists of an overview – presenting aspects related to the socio-economic benefits of buying an electric car. It also contains specific calculations regarding the profitability of using such a car in Polish conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krystian Majchrzak

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Piotr Olczak

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Dominika Matuszewska

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Magdalena Wdowin

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Foundation Instaway Institute, Warszawa, Poland
Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland

Temperature verification method of solar heat gains in installations with flat plate solar collectors – case study

Piotr Olczak

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 115-132

Keywords measurement solar energy solar heat sources energy efficiency measures thermal solar collector

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Abstract

Solar collectors are used increasingly in single-family housing. Their popularity depends on many factors, including the price-to-productivity ratio, which in turn results from the development of solar collector technology as well as entire systems. This development consists of many aspects, including those related to the modernization of control systems and measuring of solar collector systems. Currently used systems offer, among others, the ability to determine the approximate solar heat gains using the sensors necessary for normal control of the sensor system. The paper analyzes, on the example of one facility, how such installations work in Polish conditions. An installation consisting of 3 solar collectors has been selected for analysis, supporting the preparation of hot utility water for a single-family residential building. The detailed analysis concerned days with high heat gains compared to the average heat demand for hot water preparation in the building. The temperature verification method (TVM) of the calculated solar heat gains by the solar system controller has been proposed. Then, differences in measurements according to two methods (controller and TVM) have been presented at various characteristic moments of the installation’s operation (start- -up, stop) and during continuous operation. It has been shown that during the day gains measured by the controller can be 15% lower than gains measured by the TVM method. The check has been carried out at a daily sunlight value higher than 4.8 kWh/m2 measured on a horizontal plane. The ratio of heat energy supplied to the domestic hot water storage tank to the measured insolation has been 34%. The sum of annual solar heat gains measured by the controller and TVM differed by 5.2%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Olczak

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Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

Improving state support schemes for the sustainable development of renewable energy in Ukraine

Olha Prokopenko Anna Chechel Iryna Sotnyk Vitaliy Omelyanenko Tetiana Kurbatova Tetiana Nych

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 85-100

Keywords energy energy balance indicators renewable energy state support sustainable development Sustainable Development Goals

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Abstract

The world prefers to increase energy efficiency and use energy from renewable and alternative sources. Ukraine has chosen the same path. To form recommendations for improving state support schemes for the sustainable development of renewable energy, the authors conducted a thorough analysis of the state of renewable energy in Ukraine and its legislative support. The advantage of the study is the visual presentation of data. Thus, the authors presented and analyzed which energy sources Ukraine uses for its own needs, the essence of the Ukrainian energy balance and its state in 2019. The authors found that the development of renewable energy is one of the “Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine”, which are based on the world. The authors noted the objectives and indicators of the goal, assessed the value of the indicators and found that, even though the goal is one of the most important goals because it is in third place in the number of amendments to existing regulations, there is a lag in plans and more lag on some additional tasks. The authors systematized the legal basis for the functioning of renewable energy and revealed this process’ subject-object relations. The analysis showed that the improvement of state support schemes for the sustainable development of renewable energy should be based on European norms and standards but consider national specifics. The authors proposed and described the principles of improving state support for the sustainable development of renewable energy, which should be based on ensuring the balance of interests of the three main stakeholders of the renewable energy market: the state, energy consumers and investors.

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Authors and Affiliations

Olha Prokopenko

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Anna Chechel

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Iryna Sotnyk

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Vitaliy Omelyanenko

4 3

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Tetiana Kurbatova

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Tetiana Nych

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International Humanitarian University, Odessa, Ukraine
Donetsk State University of Management, Mariupol, Ukraine
Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
Institute of Industrial Economics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

Australia’s green energy development strategy

Elnur Mekhdiev Igbal Guliev Kristina Benashvili

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 67-84

Keywords Australia energy green energy transformation coal analysis strategy

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Abstract

Today green energy agenda is in the lead position in the media space and scientific community. The countries have put forward ambitious strategies for green energy development: cut CO2 emissions, introduce new financial instruments. Australia is no exception. The country is trying to start a massive green energy transformation, but its effect on the economy of Australia is dubious, especially taking the losses of profit from coal exports into account. The article aims at answering the main question: is massive green transformation necessary for Australia and the ones, which follow it, namely, how can green energy transformation be conducted in the country, what sources of renewable energy are preferable in the country and how does the green energy transition influence the Australian economy? The key findings include: the proof of the non-necessity of massive green energy transformation in Australia, the proof that solar and wind power are the most effective renewable energy resources in the country and the proof that Australia should slow down the green energy transformation if it wants to preserve its economic prosperity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elnur Mekhdiev

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Igbal Guliev

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Kristina Benashvili

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Center for Analysis, Risk Management and Internal Control in Digital Space, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Russia
International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy, MGIMO University, Russia

The socio-economic and environmental importance of developing biofuels: the Ukrainian case on the international arena

Natalia Pryshliak Dina Tokarchuk Hanna Shevchuk

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 133-152

Keywords energy efficiency ecology biofuels rural development social effect

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Abstract

The beginning of the XXI century was marked by a transitional period in the formation of the world energy system. The issue of energy saving is characterized by significant diversity and is a necessary strategic direction for the efficient use of production capacity with optimal energy costs. Intensive economic development and the use of non-renewable natural resources are currently of concern due to the danger of disturbing the ecological balance in the environment due to the burning of huge amounts of fossil fuels and emissions of various harmful substances. Biofuel production is becoming an alternative to traditional energy and can be a guarantee of solving problems of energy efficient and environmentally friendly development of rural areas. This work is a continuation of research work on the efficiency of biofuels production from energy crops and waste. The aim of the research is to assess the importance of biofuels production from the energy, economic and social aspects for sustainable development of rural areas of the world and Ukraine in particular. The conducted SWOT-analysis made it possible to determine the strategic directions of world biofuels production development. The results showed that biofuels production has a significant potential to decarbonize the economy, reduce reliance on crude oil, improve the environment by reducing emissions, create new “green” jobs in rural areas. The combination of social, economic and energy benefits will have a synergistic effect.

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Authors and Affiliations

Natalia Pryshliak

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Dina Tokarchuk

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Hanna Shevchuk

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Management and Law, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Ukraine

Sufficient conditions for uniform global asymptotic stabilization of affine discrete-time systems with periodic coefficients

Adam Czornik Evgenii Makarov Michał Niezabitowski Svetlana Popova Vasilii Zaitsev

Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 81-98 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.136881

Keywords discrete-time systems periodic systems affine systems uniform global asymptotic stabilization state feedback

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Abstract

Affine discrete-time control periodic systems are considered. The problem of global asymptotic stabilization of the zero equilibrium of the closed-loop system by state feedback is studied. It is assumed that the free dynamic system has the Lyapunov stable zero equilibrium. The method for constructing a damping control is extended from time-invariant systems to time varying periodic affine discrete-time systems. By using this approach, sufficient conditions for uniform global asymptotic stabilization for those systems are obtained. Examples of using the obtained results are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Czornik

1

Evgenii Makarov

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Michał Niezabitowski

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Svetlana Popova

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Vasilii Zaitsev

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Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Institute of Mathematics, National Academy of Sciencesof Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science,Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Udmurt State University, 426034 Izhevsk, Russia

A new multistable double-scroll 4-D hyperchaotic system with no equilibrium point, its bifurcation analysis, synchronization and circuit design

Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan Shaobo He Aceng Sambas

Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 99-128 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.136882

Keywords hyperchaos hyperchaotic systems hidden attractors multistability sliding mode control circuit design

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Abstract

In this work, we have developed a new 4-D dynamical system with hyperchaos and hidden attractor. First, by introducing a feedback input control into the 3-D Ma chaos system (2004), we obtain a new 4-D hyperchaos system with no equilibrium point. Thus, we derive a new hyperchaos system with hidden attractor. We carry out an extensive bifurcation analysis of the newhyperchaos model with respect to the three parameters.We also carry out probability density distribution analysis of the new hyperchaotic system. Interestingly, the new nonlinear hyperchaos system exhibits multistability with coexisting attractors.Next,we discuss global hyperchaos selfsynchronization for the newhyperchaos system via Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC). As an engineering application, we realize the new 4-D hyperchaos system with an electronic circuit via MultiSim. The outputs of the MultiSim hyperchaos circuit show good match with the numerical MATLAB plots of the hyperchaos model. We also analyze the power spectral density (PSD) of the hyperchaos of the state variables using MultiSim.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan

1

Shaobo He

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Aceng Sambas

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School of Electrical and Computing, Vel Tech University, 400 Feet Outer Ring Road, Avadi, Chennai-600092, Tamil Nadu, India
School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya, Tasikmalaya 46196, West Java, Indonesia

The Lepschy stability test and its application to fractional-order systems

Daniele Casagrande Wiesław Krajewski Umberto Viaro

Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 145-163 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.136884

Keywords fractional-order systems D-stability recursive algorithms complex polynomials root locus symmetries control-theory didactics

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Abstract

It is shown how a stability test, alternative to the classical Routh test, can profitably be applied to check the presence of polynomial roots inside half-planes or even sectors of the complex plane. This result is obtained by exploiting the peculiar symmetries of the root locus in which the basic recursion of the test can be embedded. As is expected, the suggested approach proves useful for testing the stability of fractional-order systems. A pair of examples show how the method operates. It is believed that the suggested geometric approach can also be of some didactic value in introducing basic control-system tools to engineering students.

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Authors and Affiliations

Daniele Casagrande

1

Wiesław Krajewski

2

Umberto Viaro

1

Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Newelska 6, 01–447 Warsaw, Poland

Approximate controllability of second order infinite dimensional systems

Jerzy Klamka Asatur Zh. Khurshudyan

Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 165-184 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.136885

Keywords infinite dimensional systems approximate controllability Green’s function approach flexible Kirchhoff–Love plate

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Abstract

In the paper approximate controllability of second order infinite dimensional system with damping is considered. Applying linear operators in Hilbert spaces general mathematical model of second order dynamical systems with damping is presented. Next, using functional analysis methods and concepts, specially spectral methods and theory of unbounded linear operators, necessary and sufficient conditions for approximate controllability are formulated and proved. General result may be used in approximate controllability verification of second order dynamical system using known conditions for approximate controllability of first order system. As illustrative example using Green function approach approximate controllability of distributed dynamical system is also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Klamka

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Asatur Zh. Khurshudyan

2

Department of Measurements and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Institute of Mechanics, NAS of Armenia

The use of synthesis methods in position optimisation and selection of tuned mass damper (TMD) parameters for systems with many degrees of freedom

Andrzej Dymarek Tomasz Dzitkowski

Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 185-211 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.136886

Keywords structural control system vibration simple fractions synthesis rational functions dynamic characteristics

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Abstract

The paper formulates and formalises a method for selecting parameters of the tuned mass damper (TMD) for primary systems with many degrees of freedom. The method presented uses the properties of positive rational functions, in particular their decomposition, into simple fractions and continued fractions, which is used in the mixed method of synthesis of vibrating mechanical systems. In order to formulate a method of tuning a TMD, the paper discusses the basic properties of positive rational functions. The main assumptions of the mixed synthesis method is presented, based on which the general method of determining TMD parameters in the case of systems with many degrees of freedom was formulated. It has been shown that a tuned mass damper suppresses the desired resonance zone regardless of where the excitation force is applied. The advantages of the formulated method include the fact of reducing several forms of the object’s free vibration by attaching an additional system with the number of degrees of freedom corresponding to the number of resonant frequencies reduced. In addition, the tuned mass damper determined in the case of excitation force applied at a single point can be attached to any element of the inertial primary system without affecting the reduction conditions in this way. It results directly from the methodology formalised in the paper. As part of the paper, numerical calculations were performed regarding the tuning of the TMD to the first form of free vibration of a system with 3 degrees of freedom. The parameters determined were subjected to analysis and verification of the correctness of the calculations carried out. For the considered case of a system with 3 degrees of freedom together with a TMD, time responses of displacement, from each floor, were generated to excitation induced by a harmonic force equal to the first form of vibration of the basic system. In addition, in the case of the parameters obtained, the response of the inertial element system to which the TMD was attached to random white noise excitation was determined.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Dymarek

1

Tomasz Dzitkowski

1

Departament of Engineering Processes Automation and Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy prioritized aggregation operators based on Archimedean t-conorm and t-norm and their applications to multi-criteria decision making

Arun Sarkar Animesh Biswas

Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 213-247 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.136887

Keywords multi-criteria decision-making interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy elements Archimedean t-conorm and t-norm prioritized weighted averaging operator prioritized weighted geometric operator

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Abstract

Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique and approach have been a trending topic in decision making and systems engineering to choosing the probable optimal options. The primary purpose of this article is to develop prioritized operators to multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) based on Archimedean t-conorm and t-norms (At-CN&t-Ns) under interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy (IVDHF) environment. A new score function is defined for finding the rank of alternatives in MCDM problems with IVDHF information based on priority levels of criteria imposed by the decision maker. This paper introduces two aggregation operators: At-CN&t-N-based IVDHF prioritized weighted averaging (AIVDHFPWA), and weighted geometric (AIVDHFPWG) aggregation operators. Some of their desirable properties are also investigated in details. A methodology for prioritization-based MCDM is derived under IVDHF information. An illustrative example concerning MCDM problem about a Chinese university for appointing outstanding oversea teachers to strengthen academic education is considered. The method is also applicable for solving other real-life MCDM problems having IVDHF information.

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Authors and Affiliations

Arun Sarkar

1

Animesh Biswas

2

Department of Mathematics, Heramba Chandra College, Kolkata – 700029, India
Department of Mathematics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani – 741235, India

Novel solutions on model-based and model-free robotic-assisted ankle rehabilitation

Juan Carlos Arceo Jorge Álvarez Carlos Armenta Jimmy Lauber Sylvain Cremoux Emilie Simoneau-Buessinger Miguel Bernal

Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 5-27 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.136878

Keywords active disturbance rejection computed torque control differential algebraic equations parallel rehabilitation robot real-time implementation system identification

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Abstract

In this report, ankle rehabilitation routines currently approved by physicians are implemented via novel control algorithms on a recently appeared robotic device known as the motoBOTTE. The physician specifications for gait cycles are translated into robotic trajectories whose tracking is performed twofold depending on the availability of a model: (1) if obtained via the Euler-Lagrange approach along with identification of unknown plant parameters, a new computed-torque control law is proposed; it takes into account the parallel-robot characteristics; (2) if not available, a variation of the active disturbance rejection control technique whose parameters need to be tuned, is employed. A detailed discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of the model-based and model-free results, from the continuous-time simulation to the discrete-time implementation, is included.

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Authors and Affiliations

Juan Carlos Arceo

1

Jorge Álvarez

2

Carlos Armenta

1

Jimmy Lauber

1

Sylvain Cremoux

3

Emilie Simoneau-Buessinger

1

Miguel Bernal

2

Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, LAMIH UMR CNRS 8201, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
Sonora Institute of Technology, 5 de Febrero 818 Sur, Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico
Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, CNRS UMR 5549, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31052, France

Indirect torque observer-based sensor-less efficient control of bearingless switched reluctance motor using global sliding mode and square currents control method

Pulivarthi Nageswara Rao Ramesh Devarapalli Fausto Pedro García Márquez G.V. Nagesh Kumar Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo

Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 53-80 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.136880

Keywords bearingless global sliding mode efficient: maintenance, safety, torque ripple

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Abstract

The Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor (BSRM) is a new technology motor, which overcomes the problems of maintenances required associated with mechanical contacts and lubrication of rotor shaft effectively. In addition, it also improves the output power developed and rated speed. Hence, the BSRM can achieve high output power and super high speed with less size and cost. It has a considerable ripple in the net-torque due to its critical non-linearity and the salient pole structures of both stator and rotor poles. The resultant torque ripple, especially in these motors, causes the more vibrations and acoustic noises will affects the levitated rotor safety also. Practically at high-speed operations, the accurate measurement of the rotor position is complicated for conventional mechanical sensors. A new square currents control with global sliding mode control based sensorless torque observer is proposed to minimize the torque ripple and achieve a smooth, robust operation without using any mechanical sensors. The proposed controller is designed based on the error between the reference and measured torque values. The sliding mode torque observer measures the torque from the actual phase voltages, currents, and look-up tables. The simulation model has been modelled to validate the proposed methodology. From the simulation outputs, it is clear that the reduction of torque ripple by the proposed method shows improved than the conventional sliding mode controller. The overall system is more robust to the external disturbances, and it also gets efficient torque profile.

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Authors and Affiliations

Pulivarthi Nageswara Rao

1

Ramesh Devarapalli

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Fausto Pedro García Márquez

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

G.V. Nagesh Kumar

4

Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo

5

Department of Electrical Electronics and Communication Engineering, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (Deemed to be University),Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
Department of Electrical Engineering, BITSindri, Dhanbad 828123, Jharkhand, India
Ingenium Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
Department of EEE, JNTU Anantapur, College of Engineering, Pulivendula-516390, Andhra Pradesh, India
University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

On controllability of fractional positive continuous-time linear systems with delay

Beata Sikora Nikola Matlok

Archives of Control Sciences | 2021 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 29-51 | DOI: 10.24425/acs.2021.136879

Keywords fractional systems positive systems the Caputo derivative controllability delay the Metzler matrix

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Abstract

In the paper positive fractional continuous-time linear systems are considered. Positive fractional systems without delays and positive fractional systems with a single delay in control are studied. New criteria for approximate and exact controllability of systems without delays as well as a relative controllability criterion of systems with delay are established and proved. Numerical examples are presented for different controllability criteria. A practical application is proposed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Sikora

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Nikola Matlok

1

Department of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, Kaszubska 23, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Capacity remuneration mechanisms: classification and experiences

Aleksandra Komorowska

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 101-114

Keywords capacity remuneration mechanisms capacity market capacity auction strategic reserve reliability options

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Abstract

Capacity remuneration mechanisms have been imposed globally in order to ensure capacity adequacy and prevent a sharp increase in electricity prices in the long-term. The main causes of their introduction are to provide financial support for companies to generate electricity or reduce consumption in peak demand and ensure sufficient incentives for potential investors. The paper aims to review the capacity remuneration mechanisms introduced in various countries. The following mechanisms are discussed: capacity payment, strategic reserve, reliability options, capacity obligations, and capacity auctions. The paper indicates the main advantages of mechanisms and key challenges related to their introduction and operation as well. The paper contributes to the existing literature by extending and updating the knowledge on the capacity remuneration mechanisms in various energy markets. The results indicate that the most complex schemes are market mechanisms. Regardless of the nature of the traded good (call options, certificates, capacity obligation), the second market structure must be introduced and managed. Consequently, the obligations are imposed on (i) the regulatory body (regulator or transmission system operator), generation companies (or demand-side response), trading companies, and consumers. The other challenge of the implementation of various CRMs is related to the transparent treatment of all technologies. All CRMs should be technologically neutral, but ultimately, some units are more favorable due to their greater impact on the reliability of the power system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Komorowska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

Assessment of Occupational Risk in the Case of the Ultrasonic Noise Exposure

Dariusz Pleban Bożena Smagowska Jan Radosz

Archives of Acoustics | 2021 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 167-175 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2021.136570

Keywords occupational risk ultrasonic noise workplaces measurement assessment occupational safety airborne ultrasound

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Abstract

Increased efficiency of production and improved quality have contributed to the development of ultrasonic technological applications, in which low frequency ultrasounds are generated to operate, accelerate as well as to facilitate technological processes. Technological ultrasonic devices (i.e. sources of ultrasonic noise in the work environment, e.g. ultrasonic washers, ultrasonic welding machines) have relatively high power and their nominal frequencies are in the range from 18 kHz to 40 kHz. In Poland, ultrasonic noise (defined as noise containing high audible and low ultrasonic frequencies from 10 kHz to 40 kHz) is included in the list of factors harmful to health in the work environment and therefore the admissible values of ultrasonic noise in the workplaces are established. The admissible values of ultrasonic noise and the new ultrasonic noise measurement method make it possible to perform the assessment of occupational risk related to ultrasonic noise. According to this method, the scope of the measurements includes the determination of the equivalent sound pressure levels in the 1/3 octave bands with the centre frequencies from 10 kHz to 40 kHz. This paper presents the description of both, i.e. the method for ultrasonic noise measurements and the method of the assessment of occupational risk related to ultrasonic noise. The examples of the results of the assessment of occupational risk related to exposure to ultrasonic noise are also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Pleban

1

Bożena Smagowska

1

Jan Radosz

1

Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland

Structural Equation Model-Based Selection and Strength Co-Relation of Variables for Work Performance Efficiency Under Traffic Noise Exposure

Manoj Yadav Bhaven Tandel

Archives of Acoustics | 2021 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 155-166 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2021.136569

Keywords work efficiency traffic noise pollution exploratory factor analysis structural equation model AMOS software

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Abstract

In this work, we integrated exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess the work performance efficiency under the traffic noise environment for open shutter shopkeepers in the Indian urban context. 706 valid questionnaire responses by personal interviews in local language were collected from open shutter shopkeepers exposed to noise level (Leq) of 77 dBA for 12 to 14 hours daily. The questionnaire was prepared based on demographics, environmental conditions, and primary effects of noise pollution. Among which four common latent factors which summaries 17 questionnaire response items were obtained by exploratory factor analysis, which are “Impacts of noise” (IM), “Environmental conditions” (EC), “Personal characteristics” (PC) and “Work efficiency” (WE). The associations between the individual latent factors were studied by the structural equation model method in AMOS software. Validation of the constructed model was carried out by testing the proposed hypothesis as well as goodness-of-fit indices like Absolute fit, Incremental fit, and Parsimonious fit indices. The effect of specific latent factors derived on the work efficiency of shopkeepers in the noisy area was characterized by the path coefficients estimated in the SEM model. It was found that work performance efficiency (WE) was greatly influenced by the primary impacts of noise pollution like annoyance, stress, interference in spoken communication, which was associated with the latent factor “Impacts of noise” (IM) with a path coefficient of 0.931. The second latent factor “Environmental conditions” (EC), which was associated with parameters like ambient temperature and humidity, showed less path coefficient of 0.153. And lastly, a latent factor called “Personal characteristics” (PC) associated with age, experience, education, showed the least path coefficient of 0.05. The work efficiency of open shutter shopkeepers working in a highly noisy commercial area is profoundly affected by the prominent effects of noise pollution and least affected by ambient environmental conditions as well as their personal characteristics. The developed model clarified some casual relationships among complex systems in the study of noise exposure on individuals n tier 2 cities in the Indian context and may help other researchers to study of tier I and tier III cities.

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Authors and Affiliations

Manoj Yadav

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bhaven Tandel

1

Civil Engineering Department S.V. National Institute of Technology Surat, India

Study on Sound Transmission across a Floating Floor in a Residential Building by Using SEA

Xianfeng Huang Yimin Lu Chen Qu Chenhui Zhu

Archives of Acoustics | 2021 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 183-194 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2021.136572

Keywords sound transmission floating floor impact noise sound insulation

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Abstract

For the purpose of reducing the impact noise transmission across floating floors in residential buildings, two main sound transmission paths in the floating floor structure are considered: the stud path and the cavity path. The sound transmission of each path is analysed separately: the sound transmission through the cavity and the stud are predicted by statistical energy analysis (SEA). Then, the sound insulation prediction model of the floating floor is established. There is reasonable agreement between the theoretical prediction and measurement, and the results show that a resilient layer with low stiffness can attenuate the sound bridge effect, resulting in higher impact noise insulation. Then, the influences of the floor covering, the resilient layer and the floor plate on the impact sound insulation are investigated to achieve the optimised structure of the floating floor based on the sound insulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Xianfeng Huang

1 2

Yimin Lu

3

Chen Qu

1

Chenhui Zhu

1

College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China

Influence of Overpressure Breathing on Vowel Formant Frequencies

Milan Vojnović Miomir Mijić Dragana Šumarac Pavlović Nebojša Vojnović

Archives of Acoustics | 2021 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 177-181 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2021.136571

Keywords mask overpressure transfer characteristic vocal tract

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Abstract

Voice controlled management systems are based on speech recognition techniques. The use of such systems in combat aircraft is complex due to a number of critical factors which affect the accuracy of speech recognition, such as high level of ambient noise and vibration, use of oxygen masks, serious psycho-physical stress of speakers, etc. One of the specificity of the oxygen mask application is overpressure breathing. The results of the simulations presented in this paper show that the presence of overpressure on the order of 1000 Pa in the vocal tract has a significant influence on the first two formant frequencies. The formants discrimination field is significantly reduced when oxygen mask is used, influencing both perceptive and automatic discrimination of spoken vowels.

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Authors and Affiliations

Milan Vojnović

1

Miomir Mijić

2

Dragana Šumarac Pavlović

2

Nebojša Vojnović

2

Life Activities Advancement Center, Belgrade, Serbia
University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia

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