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Abstract

The purpose of the article is a comparison between DC/DC topologies with a wide input voltage range. The research also explains how the implementation of GaN E‑HEMT transistors influences the overall efficiency of the converter. The article presents a process of selection of the most efficient topology for stabilization of the battery storage voltage (9 V – 36 V) at the level of 24 V, which enables the usage of ultracapacitor energy storage in a wide range of applications, e.g., in automated electric vehicles. In order to choose the most suitable topology, simulation and laboratory research were conducted. The two most promising topologies were selected for verification in the experimental model. Each of the converters was constructed in two versions: with Si and with GaN E-HEMT transistors. The paper presents experimental research results that consist of precise power loss measurements and thermal analysis. The performance with an increased switching frequency of converters was also examined.
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Bibliography

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[9] B. M. M. Mwinyiwiwa and J. Dunia, "Performance Comparison between ĆUK and SEPIC Converters for Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Incremental Conductance Technique in Solar Power Applications," World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Computer and Systems Engineering , vol. 7, no. 12. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1089293, 2013.
[10] Y. Attia and M. Youssef, "GaN on silicon E-HEMT and pure silicon MOSFET in high frequency switching of EV DC/DC converter: A comparative study in a nissan leaf," 2016 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC), pp. 1-6, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/INTLEC.2016.7749112
[11] S. K. Pullabhatla, P. B. Bobba, and S. Yadlapalli, "Comparison of GAN, SIC, SI Technology for High Frequency and High Efficiency Inverters," E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 184, p. 01012, 2020. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202018401012
[12] A. Deihimi and M. E. Mahmoodieh, "Analysis and control of battery‐integrated dc/dc converters for renewable energy applications" IET Power Electronics, vol. 10, no. 14, pp. 1819–1831, 2017. DOI: 10.1049/iet-pel.2016.0832
[13] R. Nowakowski and N. Tang, "Efficiency of synchronous versus nonsynchronous buck converters, " Texas Instruments, 2009. [14] Gan Systems, “GS61008T datasheet, ”, 2021 online: www.gansystems.com (2021).
[15] Infineon, “IPP030N10N5 datasheet”, Rev.2.3,2016-10-03, 2021. online: www.infineon.com.
[16] P. Grzejszczak , A. Czaplicki , M. Szymczak , R. Barlik „The impact of snubber circuits on switching energy losses in high frequency converters” Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 96, no. 06, pp 93-97, 2020, (in Polish). DOI: 10.15199/48.2020.06.17
[17] GN012 Application Guide Design with GaN Enhancement Mode HEMT, , 2021 online: www.gansystems.com (2021).
[18] M. Koszel and P. Grzejszczak, "Power loss estimating in GaN E-HEMT based synchronous buck-boost converter," 2020 Progress in Applied Electrical Engineering (PAEE), 2020, pp. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/PAEE50669.2020.9158576
[19] D. Craig, "Common misconceptions about the MOSFET body diode," GaN Systems, 23-Oct-2019. online: https://gansystems.com/newsroom/common-misconceptions-about-the-mosfet-body-diode/ (2021)
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Authors and Affiliations

Mikołaj Koszel
1
Piotr Grzejszczak
1
Bartosz Nowatkiewicz
2
Kornel Wolski
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Poland
  2. Wibar Technology Ltd., Poland
Keywords WSN routing security
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Abstract

With the continuous advances in mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs), the research community has responded to the challenges and constraints in the design of these networks by proposing efficient routing protocols that focus on particular performance metrics such as residual energy utilization, mobility, topology, scalability, localization, data collection routing, Quality of Service (QoS), etc. In addition, the introduction of mobility in WSN has brought new challenges for the routing, stability, security, and reliability of WSNs. Therefore, in this article, we present a comprehensive and meticulous investigation in the routing protocols and security challenges in the theory of MWSNs which was developed in recent years.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmed Al-Nasser
1
Reham Almesaeed
1
Hessa Al-Junaid
1

  1. University of Bahrain College of Information Technology, Bahrain
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Abstract

In this article, we propose a new stopping criterion for turbo codes. This criterion is based on the behaviour of the probabilistic values alpha 'α' calculated in the forward recursion during turbo decoding. We called this criterion Sum-α. The simulation results show that the Bit Error Rates BER are very close to those of the Cross-Entropy CE criterion with the same average number of iterations.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Aissa Ouardi
1

  1. Laboratory Technology of Communication, Department of Electronics, University of Saida Dr. Moulay Tahar, Saida, Algeria
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Abstract

The high-speed of train (HST) in combination with the high carrier frequency of HST systems leads to the severe inter carrier interference (ICI) in the HST orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (HST-OFDM) systems. To avoid the complexity in OFDM receiver design for ICI eliminations, the OFDM system parameters such as symbol duration, signal bandwidth, and the number of subcarriers should be chosen appropriately. This paper aims to propose a process of HSTOFDM system performance investigation to determine these parameters in order to enhance spectral efficiency and meet a given quality-of-service (QoS) level. The signal-to-interferenceplus- noise ratio (SINR) has been used as a figure of merit to analyze the system performance instead of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as most of recent research studies. Firstly, using the nonstationary geometry-based stochastic HST channel model, the SINR of each subcarrier has been derived for different speeds of the train, signal bandwidths, and number of subcarriers. Consequently, the system capacity has been formulated as the sum of all the single channel capacity from each sub-carrier. The constraints on designing HST-OFDM system parameters have been thoughtfully analyzed using the obtained expressions of SINR and capacity. Finally, by analyzing the numerical results, the system parameters can be found for the design of HSTOFDM systems under different speeds of train. The proposed process can be used to provide hints to predict performance of HST communication systems before doing further high cost implementations as hardware designs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Do Viet Ha
1
Trinh Thi Huong
1
Nguyen Thanh Hai
1

  1. Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Transport and Communications (UTC), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract

In this paper, an asynchronous demodulation method for a four-single sideband (SSB) signal arranged on the frequency axis is developed to support burst mode transmission in a mobile radio path and to achieve greater data throughputs. When a reduced pilot carrier is placed at the center of the 4-SSB signal, it is guarded by lower and upper sidebands, that is, this scheme is classified into a tone-in-band (TIB) system. Digital signal processing (DSP) processors are useful for implementing a Hilbert transform. However, we have for a long time neglected introducing it into the demodulation process of SSB signals.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kazuhiro Daikoku
1

  1. Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract

The recent decades have seen the growth in the fields of wireless communication technologies, which has made it possible to produce components with a rational cost of a few cubic millimeters of volume, called sensors. The collaboration of many of these wireless sensors with a basic base station gives birth to a network of wireless sensors. The latter faces numerous problems related to application requirements and the inadequate abilities of sensor nodes, particularly in terms of energy. In order to integrate the different models describing the characteristics of the nodes of a WSN, this paper presents the topological organization strategies to structure its communication. For large networks, partitioning into sub-networks (clusters) is a technique used to reduce consumption, improve network stability and facilitate scalability.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sarang Dagajirao Patil
1
Pravin Sahebrao Patil
2

  1. NES Gangamai College of Engineering, Nagaon, Dhule, Maharashta, India
  2. Dept. of E&C Engineering SSVPSBSD College of Engineering Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract

In this article, we look at the subjectless sentences with a copula, non‑verbal part of the predicate and a dative constituent. We call them ‘dative‑predicative structures’ (DPS). They express a state or attitude towards a certain situation from the dative referent’s perspective. The main goal is to determine the role of the dative in the semantic and pragmatic features of the construction. There are four types of lexemes used in the predicative position in DPS. They are related to the three types of situations that are expressed: direct involvement, indirect involvement and external observation. The comparison of the DPS with the corresponding constructions without a dative argument (predicative structures – PS) shows that the dative introduces a subjective tone which softens the claim. This is especially evident in the third type of meaning, where judgement and assessment is expressed. In that respect Macedonian shows similar tendencies as Serbian and Slovenian: DPS is expanding more for expressing assessment of the situation, and less for characterizing the current situation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Liljana Mitkovska
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje
  2. Silesian University, Katowice
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Abstract

The newest book of the renowned Polish linguist Leszek Bednarczuk summarizes his ideas in the field of comparative, areal and typological linguistics and brings some of his original ways out.
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Bibliography

Bednarczuk L., 2020, Sporne problemy językoznawstwa porównawczego, Kraków: Lexis.
Boček V., 2010, Studie k nejstarším romanismům ve slovanských jazycích, Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny. – (Studia etymologica Brunensia ; 9).
Boček V., 2012, On the Relationship between Gemination and Palatalization in Early Romance Loanwords in Common Slavic, “Journal of Slavic Linguistics”, vol. 20/2, pp. 151–170.
Boček V., 2014. Praslovanština a jazykový kontakt, Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny. – (Studia etymologica Brunensia ; 17).
Boček V., 2019, Common Slavic in the light of language contact and areal linguistics: Issues of methodology and the history of research, [In:] Slavic on the Language Map of Europe. Historical and Areal‑Typological Dimensions, eds. A. Danylenko, N. Motoki, Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 63–86.
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Authors and Affiliations

Václav Blažek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Masaryk University, Brno
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Abstract

The research aimed to make an inventory of the vascular flora of 11 parks and gardens of the Pomeranian Cistercian Trail, with particular emphasis on taxa attached to old deciduous forests. A total of 62 species were registered, recognised as indicators of old deciduous forests in Poland. The presence of species of this group was confirmed in all of the analysed objects, but their number varied from 7 to 50. The group of ancient woodland species includes forest species for which the light indicator values are lower than or equal to 4 (plants of shadowy places, with a relative light intensity). The group of indicator species also includes forest geophytes and forest myrmecochores, autochores and barochores, as well as woodland species that can tolerate stress, under the classification of ecological strategy types S, S/CSR, S/SC and S/SR.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Sobisz
1
Marcin Kubus
2
Ewa Szmyt
3
Krzysztof Strzalkowski
3

  1. Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University, Arciszewski Str., 22A, 76-200 Słupsk
  2. Laboratory of Dendrology and Landscaping of Green Areas, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieża PawłaVI 3 Str., 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
  3. Scientific Circle of Botanists, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University, Arciszewski Str., 22A,76-200 Słupsk, Poland
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Abstract

In spite of modern trends in the development of the eastern Polesye flora, the relict have been preserved in the aquatic ecotopes of Europe, including eastern Polesye. The paper highlights the peculiarities of the distribution in the region of three aquatic Tertiary relics preserved by the Bern Convention. According to the results of a field research, the degree of a modern rarity of the aquatic relict species in eastern Polesye was established, in particular, a very rare species ( Aldrovanda vesiculosa), a moderately rare species ( Trapa natans) and a relatively rare species ( Salvinia natans). The current distribution of these relict species in the region has been positively affected by the increase in the values of maximum temperatures and isotherms of the summer months. A negative impact is made by the abrupt changes in the hydrological regime and the growth of anthropogenic eutrophication of reservoirs. Aldrovanda vesiculosa eliminates with minor changes in living conditions; Salvinia natans is the most tolerant to anthropogenic factors, but shows annual fluctuations in numbers; Trapa natans is stable distributed and has a tendency to expanding of its populations. The relics are the dominants of the Salvinio–Spirodeletum (polyrrhizae), Lemno–Utricularietum vulgaris, Spirodelo– Aldrovandetum vesiculosae, Trapetum natantis and Trapо–Nymphoidetum (peltatae) communities.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oleksandr Lukash
1
Iryna Miroshnyk
1
Svitlana Strilets
1
Oleksandr Rak
2
Olena Sazonova
1

  1. T.H. Shevchenko National University “Chernihiv Colehium”, 53, Hetman Polubotko Str., Chernihiv, 14013, Ukraine
  2. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; 1, Timiriazievska Str., 1, Kyiv, 01014, Ukraine
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Abstract

Results of the analysis proved that the net primary productivity has a strong connection with the solar insolation. The length of daylight and the level of solar radiation are the driving forces behind changes in growth of primary products, as floral forms are among the first indicators of changes in ecosystems due to global warming. The group of climatic components that have a moderate connection with the bioproductivity of ecosystems of the Polissya are derivatives of bioclimatic indicators related to air temperature, including annual temperature, seasonality, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and the average temperature of the coldest quarter. Seasonality and the annual variation of temperature affect bioproductive processes inversely: the productivity decreases with the increased temperature range between the warmest and the coldest periods of the year and in the middle of quarters.
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Authors and Affiliations

Svitlana Kyriienko
1
Alina Mykolaivna Sliuta
1

  1. T.H. Shevchenko National University “Chernihiv Colehium” Hetman Polubotok Str. 53, 14013 Chernihiv, Ukraine

Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Perliński
Monika Niska
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Abstract

The soil microbiome is exposed to technogenic influence during the operation of metal structures. There are quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiota of the technogenic ecosystem. During the study of the technogenic soil ecosystem (ferrosphere), samples of which were taken in the field (Chernihiv, Ukraine: 51°29’58”N, 31°16’09”E), the presence of corrosively active microbial cenosis was established: sulfate-reducing, denitrifying, iron-reducing (using acetate as the only electron donor, and Fe (III) as the only electron acceptor) and ammonifying bacteria. The predominant representatives of corrosively active groups of bacteria were isolated. They were identified as Bacillus simplex, Streptomyces gardneri, Streptomyces canus (ammonifying bacteria), Fictibacillus sp. (ammonifying bacteria with iron-reducing ability), Anaerotignum (Clostridium) propionicum (organic acid-producing bacteria), Desulfovibrio oryzae (sulfate-reducing bacteria) based on some microbiological, physiological and biochemical, genetic features. Strains of heterotrophic and hemolitotrophic bacteria (individual representatives and their associations) isolated from the technogenic ecosystem can be used in both industrial and technological spheres. The interaction of isolated bacteria in the process of microbial induced corrosion is a prospect for further research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nataliia Tkachuk
1
Liubov Zelena
2

  1. Department of Biology, T.H. Shevchenko National University “Chernihiv Colehium”, Hetman Polubotok Str. 53, 14013, Chernihiv, Ukraine
  2. Department of Physiology of Industrial Microorganisms, Danylo Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Acad. Zabolotny Str. 154, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstract

The article summarises results of studies on litter concentrations on the Polish sea shore. Origin, mechanism of transport and source of litter are discussed. The main part of the data has been based on litter quality and quantity investigation in post-storm marine sediments. Data were collected in surface sediments since 2001 and in fossil washover fans dated 1988–2000 in different locations on the coast. Litter has been divided according to the material, use, size and origin. Analysis of litter quantity on beaches after storm surges showed an annual increase. The heavier surge, the more debris and mixed litter appear on the coast. A large increase in the amount of litter has been observed after the storm in 2009. The average amount of litter per 1 m2 has increased from 1.5 in 2001 to 17.5 in 2020. Among litter there is still a similar share of fishery and ship waste. The biggest growth was observed in waste of consumable origin. Plastic litter, including anthropogenic waste left on beaches, has increased to 80% in recent years. Most waste occurred on the coast adjacent to the Vistula River mouth.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Arkadiusz Łabuz
1

  1. Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza St. 16, PL-70383 Szczecin, Poland
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Abstract

In Chernihiv Polesie Solidago canadensis most often grows in ruderal communities of the Berteroëtum incanae association. Characteristic plant species of the Artemisietea vulgaris class have been found in many phytocenoses with Solidago canadensis. A typical ruderal community dominated by S. canadensis was found, in which characteristic species of the xero-mesophytic ruderal vegetation of the Onopordion acanthii are well represented. Initial communities with the S. canadensis coverage of 25 to 60% in combination with the species of this order and the characteristic species of other high syntaxa were found. Most of them are the transformed meadow phytocenoses of the river floodplains and less often – the psammophytic phytocenoses of pine terraces. The process of ruderalization of meadow ecosystems as a result of the invasion of S. canadensis in Chernihiv Polesie was revealed. This process is especially pronounced on the loess islands, where meadows change into semiruderal grasslands and herblands of the Convolvulo arvensis– Agropyrion repentis alliance. S. canadensis invasion leads to xerophytization and unification of the floodplains meadow phytocenoses grassland. The course of these processes is accelerated by anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems and has irreversible consequences. S. canadensis rarely occurs in the Koelerio–Corynephoretea canescentis class psammophytic communities
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Authors and Affiliations

Hanna Danko
1
Oleksandr Lukash
1
Iryna Morozova
1
Volodymyr Boiko
1
Oleksandr Yakovenko
1

  1. T.H. Shevchenko National University “Chernihiv Colehium” Hetman Polubotok Str. 53, 14013 Chernihiv, Ukraine
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Abstract

Species and generic composition of nematode communities from the epiphytic mosses in the Left-bank Polesie were studied. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann’s method. A total of 47 species was found and they belonged to 34 genera, 21 families and 8 orders. The average number of nematodes was 4077 per 100 g of the moss. Rhabditida, Tylenchida, Plectida and Dorylaimida composed had more species richness (12, 10, 8 and 7 species, respectively). Species of these four orders comprised 78.7%. Representatives of three order Plectida, Dorylaimida and Monhysterida were the most numerous within the considered communities (proportion in the communities were 40.75, 21.30 and 18.65%, respectively). The majority of the identified species were subrecedent (31 or 65.95% of species composition) and accidental species (37 or 78.72%). Three species: Plectus parietinus Bastian, 1865, Mesodorylaimus bastiani Bütschli, 1873 and Geomonhystera villosa Bütschli, 1873 composed the core of nematode communities from epiphytic mosses in the Left-bank Polesie. They were found in 70.21, 57.45 and 53.19% of the samples, proportion in the community of 15.21, 10.03 and 17.96%, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Valentyna Shevchenko
1
Tetiana Zhylina
1

  1. T.H. Shevchenko National University “Chernihiv Colehium”, 53, Hetman Polubotko Str., Chernihiv, 14013, Ukraine
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Abstract

The article presents results of the faunistic analysis of the Leb 1 sediment core collected from the marginal zone of the Lake Łebsko. The 5 m long core contained 10,603 specimens of freshwater and brackish-marine fauna, represented by 13 taxa of molluscs, 3 species of ostracods, 2 taxa of foraminifers and a species of the order Coleoptera, and genera Balanus and Gammarus. Lithology of the sediments and species composition of the fauna permitted distinguishing 3 development phases of the Lake Łebsko: brackish-marine phase (500–400 cm), limnic phase with varied salinity (400–100 cm) and swamp phase (100–0 cm), indicating progressive overgrowing of the marginal zone of the lake since the 13th century.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Wojciechowska
1
Adam Wojciechowski
1

  1. Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, ul. Partyzantów 27, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
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Abstract

Plastics are materials with many properties that make them extremely popular in everyday life and various industries. Studies show that plastic debris is global pollution and widespread in virtually all ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the coastal sediments of Ełckie Lake in terms of the presence of microplastics. Samples of sediments (n = 37) from the coastal zone of Ełckie Lake were drawn from different areas, including urban, rural, and tourist locations, and beaches. After the coastal sediment samples taking, they were subjected to density separation, filtration, and visual evaluation using the Olympus BX63 fluorescent microscope. Particles were classified according to the category of visible characteristics of microplastics including size, shape and colour. The results of the study showed the presence of microplastics in 84% of the examined coastal sediment samples of Ełckie Lake. Fibres, flakes, granules, and foils (films) had found in 58%, 45%, 32%, and 13% of the samples that contained microplastic, respectively. The majority of the detected microplastic was 0.5–1 mm in size and black was the dominant colour. Spatial variability was perceived in microplastic concentrations, giving premises to the assumption of dependence between local human activity and the content of particles.
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Authors and Affiliations

Weronika Rogowska
1
Elżbieta Skorbiłowicz
1
Mirosław Skorbiłowicz
1
Łukasz Trybułowski
1

  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Department of Technology in Environmental Engineering, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
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Abstract

“FREEDOM” is 4th volume collection in the five‑volume series The Axiological Lexicon of Slavs and their neighbors (LASiS) created within the method-ological framework of the Lublin school of cognitive ethnolinguistics (Jerzy Bartmiński). Volume collection on freedom includes two introductory texts and 14 texts – on freedom in the most ancient Indian / Sanskrit text, in ancient Greek, in eight Slavic languages (Poland, Czech, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian) and work on freedom in the Lithuanian, German, English and French languages. Volume on freedom offers a huge amount of linguistic material arranged in accordance with the demanding framework of a project EUROJOS.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dejan Ajdačić
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Gdański, Gdańsk
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Abstract

The author states that the language functions in the service to the thought; it organizes the course of our thought and enables transfer of information. To attain this purpose, it has two mechanisms at its disposal: 1. lexicalisation, which enables us to give form to the results of our conceptualisation of the world, and 2. grammaticalization, which ensures that the information most important to the successful course of the linguistic communication gets regular transparent surface categorial markers (= markers of the so‑called grammatical categories). She discusses parallels and differences in the functioning of these two mechanisms in Polish and in Macedonian.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zuzanna Topolińska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Macedońska Akademia Nauk i Sztuk, Centrum Badawcze Lingwistyki Arealnej im. Božidara Vidoeskiego, Skopje
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Abstract

The subject of this review is the monograph of Professor Stefan Warchoł on the (pre)history of the Indo‑European peoples in the light of Slavic archaic vocabulary: appellativa and zoonymy (mainly names of cows), which occurs on the whole Slavic territory.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Bednarczuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny, Kraków
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Abstract

This volume, a collection of articles by Svetlana Tolstaya, is representative of the Moscow ethnolinguistic school, whose main goal (as was the intention of its founder, Nikita I. Tolstoy) is to reconstruct the spiritual ancestry of Slavs from both historical data and contemporary dialectological and ethnographic records. The rich and varied achievements of the Moscow ethnolinguistic school and specifically Svetlana Tolstaya are reviewed here, along with her contribution to building Polish‑Russian scholarly cooperation. The examples of mir, sud'ba, *svojь are used to illustrate the advantages of the analytical method employed by the author, i.e. semantic reconstruction within semantic microfields.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Bartmiński
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Filologii Polskiej UMCS, Lublin
  2. Instytut Slawistyki PAN, Warszawa
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Abstract

The article is a successive part of the considerations on language contacts in relation to lexis. Analysed are words characteristic of the Polish‑Eastern Slavic borderland, where it is difficult to unequivocally decide whether they are borrowings, references, or examples of the shared Slavic heritage. The following names were interpreted in this respect: binduga ‘a place by the river where wood is deposited for floating, rafts are made and launched’, chaszcze ‘thicket, bushes, scrub’, chudoba ‘livestock’, chusta ‘a sheet of linen or other clothing fabric’, chusty ‘linen (to be washed)’; chołosznie ‘trousers’, kołosza, chołosza ‘trouser leg’, łukno and ustaw ‘vessels for honey storage’ and at the same time ‘units of measurement of honey’, miękiny ‘chaff’, miękuszka ‘bread pupl’; nawleczka, nawłoka, nawłoczka ‘pillowcase, duvet cover’, ‘furniture cover’; niewiasta, niewiastka ‘daughter‑in‑law’, żmykać ‘hand‑wash’. A detailed tracing of the geography, development of individual forms, directions of the inflow of words discussed in the text shows the multiplicity of ways in which individual lexical items penetrate borderland dialect systems. The most interesting examples are those in which the same development outcome is triggered by completely different phonetic processes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Siatkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa
  2. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa

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