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Abstract

Multiple anthropogenic agents have turned Lake Maracaibo into a hypereutrophic environment. Heavy metals resulting from the steel and oil industry augment pollution in the lake. There is a lack of research on the ecotoxicological effect of heavy metals in protozoa. To evaluate the ecotoxicological effect of Cr3+, Cr6+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ on free-living ciliated protozoa and to identify suitable ciliated protozoa candidates for bioindicators of water quality; we estimated the lethal concentration for 50% of the protozoa population (LC50) in samples from two stations (S1: narrow of Maracaibo and S2: South of the lake) using ecotoxicological tests in the Sedgewick–Rafter chamber and Probit analysis. The general toxicity patterns obtained for S1 protozoa (Euplotes sp. and Oxytricha sp.) were Cr3+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Cr6+ > Ni2+; and those corresponding to S2 (Coleps sp. and Chilodonella sp.) were Cr6+ > Cr3+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Ni2+. We found statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the LC50 of protozoa exposed to Cr3+, Cr6+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ when comparing the two sampling stations. The differences observed in toxicity patterns are probably the result of various kinds of protozoa adaptation, possibly induced by various sources, levels and incidents of exposure to heavy metals contamination of the protozoa studied and to the physicochemical conditions prevailing in the two selected stations. The levels of tolerance observed in the present study, allow us to infer that S2 ciliates are the most susceptible to the contaminants studied and can be used as possible microbiological indicators that provide early warning in studies of contamination by heavy metals in Lake Maracaibo.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fernando Luis Castro Echavez
1
Julio César Marín Leal
2

  1. University of La Guajira, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, PICHIHÜEL Research group, km 5 vía a Maicao, 440002, Riohacha, Colombia
  2. University of Zulia, Faculty of Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (DISA), Maracaibo, Venezuela
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Abstract

Municipal solid waste collection points (MSWCPs) are places where residents of municipalities can leave their waste free of charge. MSWCPs should operate in every municipality in Poland. The Geographic Information System (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used in conjunction as tools to determine potential locations of MSWCPs. Due to possible social conflicts related to the location of MSWCPs, three variants of buffer zones for a residential area were adopted. As a result of the spatial analysis carried out using the GIS software, 247 potential locations were identified in variant no. 1 (which accounted for 7.1% of commune area), 167 for variant no. 2 (6.3% of commune area), and 88 for variant no. 3 (3.8% of commune area). The most favourable locations for MSWCPs were determined using the AHP method with additional criteria for which weights were calculated as follows: the area of a designated plot (0.045), actual designation of a plot in the local spatial development plan (0.397), distance from the centre of the village (0.096) and the commune (0.231), and population density of a village (0.231). The highest weights (over 50%) in the AHP analysis were obtained for 12 locations in variant no. 3, two of which had an area over 3 ha. The adopted methodology enabled to identify quasi-optimal solutions for MSWCP locations in the analysed rural commune. This research has the potential to influence future waste management policies by assisting stakeholders in the MSWCP location.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Malinowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sylwia Guzdek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Petryk
3
ORCID: ORCID
Klaudia Tomaszek
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Agriculture in Cracow, Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization, ul. Balicka 116b, 30-149 Kraków, Poland
  2. Cracow University of Economics, Department of Microeconomics, Kraków, Poland
  3. Cracow University of Economics, Department of Spatial Management, Kraków, Poland
  4. University of Agriculture in Cracow, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the impact of energy-efficient development on promoting the national green brand. The primary purpose of the research is to provide an overview of the scientific background devoted to the relationship between the energy efficiency policy and the country’s green brand to identify the potential research gaps and highlight the prospects for particular research directions. The systematization of scientific publications presented in the Scopus database showed a rapid tendency for publication activity on the investigated theme from 2000 to 2020. However, there has remained a deficiency in investigating the role of energy efficiency policy in formulating the country’s green brand. Therefore, it is appropriate to screen out the relevant publications to detect the future research directions in boosting energy efficiency for strengthening Ukraine’s green brand. To obtain the objectives of this study, the paper is presented in the following logical sequence: determining the keywords to find the relevant publications; searching the publications; conducting the evaluation analysis by specific metrics; applying the bibliometric analysis for the investigation of keywords and their co-occurrence. The co-occurrence analysis was performed using the VOSviewer software tools. The study sample consists of 3090 publications indexed in the Scopus database. The study involved documents published from 2000 to 2020. The research identified the most productive authors, prestigious scientific journals, and the most contributing countries and institutions. The publications were clustered into five thematic groups, which indicate the main research directions. The authors specified the prosperous lines for future research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yana Us
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetyana Pimonenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksii Lyulyov
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Marketing, Sumy State University, Ukraine
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Abstract

This article is devoted to topical issues of gender equality in the energy sector. It is a retrospective analysis of the problem of gender equality over the past 50 years in various countries and sectors of the economy. The situation with the improvement of the gender balance in general is changing, but unevenly, which increases the relevance of attention to the gender factor in policy development, particularly in the energy sector. It has been established that in the energy sector, there remain so-called “glass walls” and “glass ceilings” for the development of women’s professional careers, which leads to horizontal and vertical segregation. The main barriers to gender balance in the energy sector are highlighted. The institutional conditions for ensuring gender equality in the energy sector have allowed for a more comprehensive view of the problem of gender occupational segregation. A number of institutional problems of gender equality in the energy sector are highlighted and characterized. These include: inconsistency of formal norms of gender equality and existing economic practices; lack of gender mainstreaming in energy policy making due to insufficient attention to social relations; the creation of additional tensions in industrial relations to ensure gender equality; unemployment of able-bodied women due to segregation in the labor market in the energy sector., Using a number of practical proposals for ensuring gender equality at the industrial and company levels, the authors propose a conceptual model of institutional support for gender equality in the energy sector. The implementation of these proposals would help eliminate gender imbalances in the energy sector and promote the development of energy companies on a sustainable basis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Olena Shatilova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana Sobolieva
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr Vostryakov
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Management, SHEE “Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman”, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstract

In this article, in accordance with the results of calculations, the authors argue that at the end of 2019, the main problems of the vast majority of regions of Ukraine are low environmental and energy efficiency and insufficient environmental protection measures. The cluster analysis allowed us to identify common territorial groups in terms of their conditions of existence and to develop practical recommendations for priority measures of state management. The quality of clustering was checked using the silhouette measure indicator, which was used to justify the optimal number of regions, which proved to be five. Cluster І includes the Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia regions. The gradual replacement of heavy industry with high-tech activities is inevitable. Cluster ІІІ includes the Volyn, Ternopil, Kherson, Khmelnytsky, Zhytomyr and Rivne regions. It is necessary to further develop the economy of the regions in compliance with environmental standards while taking into account the recommendations of the first cluster. Cluster IV consists of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. It is impossible to fully restore the economy of the eastern regions and its infrastructure in these conditions. Therefore, the task of public administration today is to ensure social standards of living and support the least protected segments of the population. Cluster V was built on the basis of Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions. The priority of state regulation should be the development of small and medium enterprises. Cluster II includes all other areas. Their economic growth must be transformed not only into the social sphere but also into technological re-equipment. The change of commodity orientation and the departure from raw material production in favor of technological is a necessary condition for maintaining the competitiveness of the economy in today’s globalization. Increasing the cost of environmental measures should be a priority.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nadiia Shmygol
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Galtsova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Kostiantyn Shaposhnykov
3
ORCID: ORCID
Saule Bazarbayeva
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. «Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic» National University, Ukraine
  2. Classic Private University, Ukraine
  3. State Scientific Institution “Institute for Modernization of the Content of Education” of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Ukraine
  4. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

The evolution of the economy and the formation of Industry 4.0 lead to an increase in the importance of intangible assets and the digitization of all processes at energy enterprises. This involves the use of technologies such as the Internet of Things, Big Data, predictive analytics, cloud computing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics, 3D printing, augmented reality etc. Of particular interest is the use of artificial intelligence in the energy sector, which opens up such prospects as increased safety in energy generation, increased energy efficiency, and balanced energy-generation processes. The peculiarity of this particular instrument of Industry 4.0 is that it combines the processes of digitalization and intellectualization in the enterprise and forms a new part of the intellectual capital of the enterprise. The implementation of artificial intelligence in the activities of energy companies requires consideration of the features and stages of implementation. For this purpose, a conceptual model of artificial intelligence implementation at energy enterprises has been formed, which contains: the formation of the implementation strategy; the design process; operation and assessment of artificial intelligence. The introduction of artificial intelligence is a large-scale and rather costly project; therefore, it is of interest to assess the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence in the activities of energy companies. Efficiency measurement is proposed in the following areas: assessment of economic, scientific and technical, social, marketing, resource, financial, environmental, regional, ethical and cultural effects as well as assessment of the types of risks associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hanna Doroshuk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Menegement, Odessa Polytechnic State University, Ukraine
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Abstract

The article aims to explore the determinants of the process of attracting financial resources for implementing renewable (alternative) energy development projects in Ukraine. The authors review and systematize the sources of funding and innovative financial instruments available for developing renewable energy sources (RES) in developing countries. Based on this, a pool of financial resources/RES development tools available for investment in Ukraine has been formed. It is proposed to build a model of the optimal structure of sources of financing renewable energy development projects. The research is founded on the forecasted schedule for increasing the share of RES in the national energy balance of Ukraine up until 2035. The limitations are connected with the lack of factual data on sources/instruments of funding in the field of RES. The model enables the prediction of the amount of funds that need to be allocated to finance renewable energy development projects, while optimizing the structure of their potential funding. The originality/value of the article lies firstly in the innovative application of the optimization model for forecasting the aggregate structure of funding sources in the energy sector; secondly, in the possibility of testing the model in practice and monitoring RES development projects in the territorial communities of the Carpathian region of Ukraine on the basis of the project-educational center for the development of innovations and investments in the region; thirdly, the proposed model can be used in the activities of state authorities and institutions of Ukraine for forming the policy of supporting alternative energy development projects.
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Authors and Affiliations

Svitlana O. Kropelnytska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana V. Mayorova
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Finance ; Project and Educational Centre „Agents of Changes” PNU, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
  2. Department of Corporate Finance and Controlling, Vadym Hetman Kyiv National Economic University, Ukraine
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Abstract

This article is devoted to the worldwide development of renewable energy in connection to the development of the socio-economic system and employment transformations. It is emphasized that the use of renewable energy sources is growing extremely fast globally, and it is generating positive socio-economic effects such as creating jobs worldwide. It is noted that in contrast to the situation in the field of traditional energy, the number of vacancies in the field of renewable energy continues to grow; photovoltaic, bioenergy, hydropower and wind forms of renewable energy are powerful employers in the world economy. It is noted that the increase in the number of people employed in the field of renewable energy is a consequence of the decentralized nature of the sector, as a result of which, renewable energy technologies produce more vacancies per unit of investment compared to traditional electricity generation technologies. It has been emphasized that the further development of renewable energy depends on the volume of investment in the creation of production facilities, which contributes to the further creation of jobs. Furthermore, it has been determined that the problem of renewable energy staffing is also extremely relevant for Ukraine. It is noted that the current system of training for this energy sector does not meet the long-term requirements; the increase of energy efficiency and the development of renewable energy transform the qualification requirements for employees, which requires the transformation of approaches to the training and development of employees.
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Authors and Affiliations

Svitlana Kalinina
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Lyndiuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vasyl Savchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Valeriya Podunay
1
ORCID: ORCID
Svitlana Lanska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eduard Savchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Theoretical and Applied Economics Department, Ukrainian State Employment Service Training Institute, Ukraine
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Abstract

The importance of increasing the level of renewable energy sources is connected with the fact that its share in the total volume of energy consumption is still insufficient. This is why this article focuses on the development of the motivation system aimed at the more active transition to renewable sources consumption in the balanced combination alongside the traditional sources. The research question is whether digital public goods (DPG) may be a mean to support “Affordable and Clean Energy’’ use. The theoretical approach to our research problem is stakeholder’s theory, while the concept applied to the motivation mechanism implementation is the United Nations Organization’s concept of sustainable development goals (SDG). The research design is as follows: study of the actual data of energy structure of the world economy; identification of the current instruments of renewable energy distribution; analysis of the DPG as a perspective form of the sustainable energy behavior introduced [AO1] in the digitalized environment; definition of the energy industry stakeholders; development of the architecture of energy consumption by DPG application to reach SDG “Affordable and Clean Energy”. The main findings of the study are that DPG has been found to be a relevant means for the motivation and support of sustainable energy behavior through the architecture of energy consumption, based on research and development, customer relationship management, corporate social responsibility – sustainable development, technical implementation, and the diversity of traditional and alternative sources of energy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iryna Nyenno
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vyacheslav Truba
2
ORCID: ORCID
Iryna Lomachynska
3
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Mazur
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Management and Innovations, Odessa I.I Mechnikov National University, Ukraine
  2. Civil and Law Disciplines, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine
  3. Economics and Entrepreneurship, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine
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Abstract

The introduction of energy conservation and resource conservation measures has a positive impact on the environment and is one of the components of sustainable development at the macro level. In turn, at the micro level, such measures lead to a systematic decrease in the production costs of companies and thereby expand their economic and financial security. This article is devoted to the development of methodological tools for modeling the environmental and economic effect of added value created in the energy service market. For this, the peculiarities and components of the energy service contract have been identified. It has been established that one of the indicators of the conclusion of such a contract is the indicator of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of measures in the structure of the added value of an energy service company. An analysis of existing models of added value created in the energy service market is carried out. A model of economic value added is taken as the basis for modeling the ecological and economic effect of added value created in the energy service market. The rationale is that such value-added is a modification of the economic profit indicator, which measures the financial result of a company, considering not only accounting costs but also the opportunity costs of invested capital for energy efficiency and environmental measures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oleksandr Dluhopolskyi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vasyl Brych
2
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Borysiak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mykhailo Fedirko
2
ORCID: ORCID
Nataliya Dziubanovska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Nataliya Halysh
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. West Ukrainian National University, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine
  2. West Ukrainian National University, Ukraine
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Abstract

In the contemporary world, natural gas is one of the focuses of hybrid wars and is used as a tool of international economic and political pressure to gain appropriate benefits. The long-term pressure of Russia on Ukraine using a combination of military, political, economic, information and energy tools is one of the most striking cases of applying natural gas as a weapon in a hybrid war. Exploring the case of Ukraine, the authors confirmed the hypothesis about the change in the impact of the prices of natural gas on the performance of its industrial consumers during a hybrid war. The study covered three industrial sectors that are major consumers of natural gas – the metallurgy, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The data of nine key companies of these industries for the period 2006–2019 were analyzed; this period was divided into two parts – before the hybrid war (2006–2013) and during it (2014–2019). The authors identified the heterogeneity of the influence of natural gas prices on the performance of different industrial enterprises. However, since the onset of the hybrid war, all of them have shown a reducing correlation of natural gas prices with all the analyzed performance indicators – operating profitability, material-output ratio, and labor productivity. The study managed to build reliable regression models that allow defining the prices of natural gas for the chemical industry and metallurgy, above which these industries in Ukraine become unprofitable. The defined critical levels have a practical implication since they can be tools for regulating natural gas prices for various industrial sectors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anatoliy G. Goncharuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Valeria Liashenko-Shcherbakova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Natalia Chaika
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Management, International Humanitarian University, Ukraine
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Abstract

This article is aimed at the scientific and methodological substantiation of conceptual provisions for the transformation of the national energy system of Ukraine through the formation of eco- -energy clusters. The article analyses international reports on the development of green energy in different countries. An analysis of the dynamics of energy consumption in Ukraine on the basis of renewable sources for 2007–2019 is performed. An algorithm for making a management decision on the transition to renewable energy sources is proposed. In order to transform the national energy system, a conceptual approach to the formation of an eco-energy cluster as an element of innovation infrastructure based on smart specialization is substantiated. It is proven that this structure should be in the form of the partnership of energy companies, business structures, research institutions, higher education institutions, institutions of logistics, energy and innovation infrastructure, and government agencies. This, in turn, will provide a synergistic effect (economic, environmental, social) by improving a number of existing legislations on alternative energy sources, which would increase the economic efficiency of their production, such as: the development of investment projects to attract additional investments in this industry; state guarantees to producers of “clean” energy for its purchase at fixed tariffs; ensuring the level of energy security of Ukraine through the modernization of the network of existing power plants to increase the level of their reliability and uninterrupted operation; the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of traditional fuels.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nataliia Trushkina
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alireza Pahlevanzade
2
ORCID: ORCID
Alborz Pahlevanzade
3
ORCID: ORCID
Yevgen Maslennikov
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Regulatory Policy and Entrepreneurship Development, Institute of Industrial Economics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Ukraine
  2. Vice-Rector for International Relations, International Humanitarian University, Ukraine
  3. Department of International Law and Comparative Law, International Humanitarian University, Ukraine
  4. Department of Management and Innovations, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine
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Abstract

The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in water has a significant influence on water treatment processes. Water industries around the world consider coagulation/flocculation to be one of the main water treatment methods. The chief objective of conventional coagulation-based processes is to reduce the turbidity of the water and to remove natural organic matter (NOM) present in solutions. The aim of this paper is to present some developments in terms of improved coagulation for the drinking water of Sidi Yacoub treatment plant located in the Northwest of Algeria.
The experiments involved studying the effects of the application of two coagulants (ferric chloride and aluminium sulphate) on the removal of turbidity and natural organic matter from water by measuring the chemical oxygen demand ( COD) and the UV absorbance at 254 nm. The results showed that the rate of turbidity removal increased from 81.3% to 88% when ferric chloride was applied and from 89.91% to 94% when aluminium sulphate was applied. For NOM removal, the maximum removal rates of COD and UV254 were 48% and 52%, respectively, in the case of ferric chloride. These rates increased to 59% and 65% after optimised coagulation. When aluminium sulphate was used, the rate of removal in water increased from 43% to 55% for COD and from 47% to 59% for UV254 after optimised coagulation. The combination of the two coagulants at equal dosage shows a slight improvement in the values obtained after optimisation, both in terms of turbidity and the NOM.
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Authors and Affiliations

Taieb Hadbi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Saaed Hamoudi Abdelamir
2

  1. University of Science and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf of Oran, Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, El Mnaouar, BP 1505, Bir El Djir 31000, Oran, Algeria
  2. Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chlef, Algeria
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Abstract

The paper concerns the transformation of water resources induced by the construction and functioning of the Brest Fortress defence structure and presents the current water resources resulting from these changes. The study was conducted by analysing historical materials: maps, plans and written documents. Hydrographic changes were analysed for five study periods covering almost 200 years, from 1823, presenting the hydrographic network before the construction of fortifications, up to 2018, when most of these structures ceased or were repurposed. Hydrographic changes were analysed in detail for the area of the Terespol Fortification. The analysis revealed that almost 80% of the wetland area had disappeared after intensive drainage works, and several dozen originally small and isolated areas had been incorporated into a vast drainage network. One of the consequences of these activities was the creation of significantly transformed artificial catchments within the study area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Mięsiak-Wójcik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Kraśnicka Av. 2D, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

Warna and Pengilon Lakes are very close to each other and connected with the sill, a famous tourist destination in the Dieng Plateau Java. Land-use changes are the main problem that affected the lakes. The conversion of forest into an agricultural area had induced erosion and increased the volume of nutrients discharged to the lake due to high use of fertilisers in potatoes farms. In the dry seasons, water from those lakes was pumped to irrigate agricultural land. This study aimed to determine the water quality of Warna and Pengilon Lakes based on physical, chemical parameters, and phytoplankton communities. Water samples were collected from 4 sites at each lake to analyse biological oxygen demand ( BOD), chemical oxygen demand ( COD), ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrogen ( TN). Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen ( DO), turbidity, and conductivity ( EC) were measured in-situ. During this research, turbidity and BOD in Warna and Pengilon Lakes exceeded the Indonesian water quality standard. Based on the STORET method, the water quality of Lake Warna was assessed as highly polluted for all classes. However, based on the pollution index (PI), Lake Warna was slightly to moderately polluted, as well as the saprobic index was in the β-mesosaprobic phase. Based on the species diversity index of phytoplankton, both Warna and Pengilon Lakes were moderately polluted. The long-term monitoring studies are necessary as an early warning sign of water quality degradation. Therefore, they provide insight into the overall ecological condition of the lake and can be used as a basis for developing suitable lake management.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Nurul Layalil Addadiyah
1
Riche Hariyati
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jumari Jumari
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Diponegoro University, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH. Street, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
  2. Universitas Diponegoro, School of Postgraduate Studies, Imam Bardjo Street Number 3-5, Semarang, 50241, Indonesia
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Abstract

In 1970–2010, during the period of spring circulation and summer stagnation, hydrochemical studies were conducted in Lake Ińsko (Western Pomeranian Lake Region, Poland) with determination of the lake susceptibility to degradation and trophic changes. Also, the effect of the catchment area on the water quality in this waterbody was assessed. The waters of the study lake were characterised by low static index, which is an additional indicator of low dynamics of water masses, and low susceptibility to degradation. In spite of this, significant changes in the lake quality and trophy were observed. The hydrochemical parameters defining water quality of the study lake continued to improve. In the 70’s, the water quality was at the border of class II and III, while in 2006 and 2010 it reached the level characteristic for class I waters. Moreover, in the 70’s and 80’s of the previous century, Lake Ińsko Duże was a mesotrophic lake. Then, an increase in the lake trophy was observed, resulting in signs of eutrophy. At the end of the 90’s and in the first decade of the 21st century, the study lake returned to the state of mesotrophy. No restoration works were undertaken in Lake Ińsko in the study period. The improvement in water quality, called oligotrophication, resulted most probably from the lake reaction to changes in the soil use in the catchment area, since fewer phosphorus and nitrogen compounds flow into the lake, and also from the regulation of the wastewater management in the town of Ińsko.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Kubiak
1
Sylwia Machula
1
ORCID: ORCID
Przemysław Czerniejewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Brysiewicz
2
ORCID: ORCID
Wawrzyniec Wawrzyniak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, Kazimierza Królewicza street 4, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland
  2. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
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Abstract

Energy dissipator functions to dissipate the river-flow energy to avoid longitudinal damage to the downstream river morphology. An optimal energy dissipator planning is essential to fulfilling safe specifications regarding flow behavior. This study aims to determine the variation of energy dissipators and evaluate its effect on the hydraulic jump and energy dissipation. For this purpose, a physical model was carried out on the existing weir condition (two steps). It was also carried out on four stepped-weir variations, i.e., three-step, three-step with additional baffle blocks at the end sills, four-step, and six-step. Dimensional analysis was employed to correlate the different parameters that affect the studied phenomenon. The study shows a three-step jump shows a significantly higher Lj/y1 ratio, which is an advantage to hydraulic jumps’ compaction. The comparison of energy dissipation in all weir variations shows that the three-stepped weir has wasted more energy than other types. The energy dissipation increase of the three-step type is 20.41% higher than the existing type’s energy dissipation and much higher than other types. The dimensions of the energy dissipation basin are the ratio of the width and height of the stairs (l/h) of the three-step type (2.50). Therefore, this type is more optimal to reduce the cavitation risk, which damages the river structure and downstream area.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Azmeri Azmeri
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hairul Basri
2
ORCID: ORCID
Alfiansyah Yulianur
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ziana Ziana
1
ORCID: ORCID
Faris Zahran Jemi
3
ORCID: ORCID
Ridha Aulia Rahmah
1

  1. Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Jl. Tgk. Syeh Abdul Rauf No. 7, Darussalam – Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  2. Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  3. Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Abstract

Human activities have a complex and multidimensional impact on water quality. The concentration of inhabitants, production and services intensifies influence of urban agglomerations on water in rivers. Among many sources of surface water pollution, the most important are sewage discharges.
The aim of the research was to determine the effect of point discharge of treated industrial and municipal wastewater on the distribution of selected water chemical parameters in the Vistula River in Puławy. The studies were carried out in 2018–2019. Samplings were collected in five sampling points and tested in the hydrochemical laboratory. The obtained data were statistically analysed to investigate differences between the sampling points. The negative impact of wastewater discharge on the water quality in the Vistula was found. However, the pollution level decreased with the flow of the river. The parameters tested at measurement point located 1200 m below the discharge approached the values recorded above the sewage outfall. The presented observations of changes in the concentration of pollutants indicate the self-purification capacity of a river. However, for each watercourse flowing through urbanized areas, it is an individual feature. It depends on a number of factors and requires regular monitoring studies taking into account hydrochemical analysis of watercourses.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Jakubiak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Bojarski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Management and Protection, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, Poland
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Abstract

Agricultural biogas plants are not only a place for processing waste resulting from animal husbandry, but also for generating electricity and heat as well as organic fertiliser. In a four-year experiment, pellets were used as organic fertiliser in the establishment of an experiment with fast-growing oxytrees. The study aimed to investigate the growth and stem thickness increment, overwintering in the first and subsequent years of cultivation under the conditions of north-eastern Poland.
The dried digestate and the pellets made from it were characterised by a high content of macroelements (N – 1,95%, P2O5 – 1,1%, K2O – 1,3%). The applied pellet from an agricultural biogas plant under oxytree seedlings due to its slow decomposition had a good effect on the growth of oxytrees in the second and third years. The average growth of oxytrees in the second year was 209.7 cm, and in the third year, 246.8 cm. The growth of oxytrees fertilised with pellets made from the digestate of an agricultural biogas plant was 13% higher than that of trees growing on the control strip.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Skibko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Waclaw Romaniuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Borusiewicz
3
ORCID: ORCID
Henryk Porwisiak
3
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Lisowski
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wiejska 45 D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
  2. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Insitute, Falenty, Poland
  3. The Higher School of Agribusiness in Lomza, Poland
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Abstract

In the discussion of water quality control, the first and most effective parameter that affects other variables and water quality parameters is the temperature situation and water temperature parameters that control many ecological and chemical processes in reservoirs. Additionally, one of the most important quality parameters studied in the quality of water resources of dams and reservoirs is the study of water quality in terms of salinity. The salinity of the reservoirs is primarily due to the rivers leading into them. The control of error in the reservoirs is always considered because the outlet water of the reservoirs, depending on the type of consumption, should always be standard in terms of salinity. Therefore, in this study, using the available statistics, the Ce-Qual-W2 two-dimensional model was used to simulate the heat and salinity layering of the Latyan Dam reservoir. The results showed that with warming and shifting from spring to late summer, the slope of temperature changes at depth increases and thermal layering intensifies, and a severe temperature difference occurs at depth. The results of sensitivity analysis also showed that by decreasing the wind shear coefficient (WSC), the reservoir water temperature increases, so that by increasing or decreasing the value of this coefficient by 0.4, the average water temperature by 0.56°C changes inversely, and the results also show that by increasing or decreasing the value of the shade coefficient by 0.85, the average water temperature changes by about 7.62°C, directly.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tzu-Chia Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shu-Yan Yu
1
Chang-Ming Wang
1
Sen Xie
1
Hanif Barazandeh
2

  1. International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, 3 Ram Inthra Rd, Khwaeng Anusawari, Khet Bang Khen, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon 10220, Thailand
  2. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract

The work focused on forecasting changes in lake water level. The study employed the Triple Diagram Method (TDM) using geostatistical tools. TDM estimates the value by information from an earlier two periods of observation, refers as lags. The best results were obtained for data with an average a 1-week lag. At the significance level of 1σ, a the forecast error of ±2 cm was obtained. Using separate data for warm and cold months did not improve the efficiency of TDM. At the same time, analysis of observations from warm and cold months explained trends visible in the distribution of year-round data. The methodology, built on case study and proposed evaluation criteria, may function as a universal solution. The proposed methodology can be used to effectively manage water-level fluctuations both in postglacial lakes and in any case of water-level fluctuation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Piasecki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech T. Witkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
  2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mine Surveying and Environmental Engineering, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

The Nile River is the main route for inland navigation in Egypt. The vessels navigating through inland waterways generate complex physical forces that need to be studied extensively. Quantifying the effects of vessels sailing along a waterway is a complex problem because the river flow is unsteady and the river bathymetry is irregular. This paper aims to investigate the hydrodynamic effects resulting from the movement of vessels such as return currents around the vessel, the draw down of the water surface, under keel clearance, and the shear stress induced by vessels operating in the Nile River. Modeling such effects has been performed by applied the two-dimensional ADH (adaptive hydraulics) model to a river reach for different navigation channel operation scenarios. The obtained results show that the draw down heights, the water fluctuation, and the shear stress magnitude are larger when the river cross sectionals are narrow and the shallow water depths. These river sections are considered more disposed to bed erosion and it is morphologically unsafe.
The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was associated with the largest drawdown percentages of 98.3% and 87.3% in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was associated with the least drawdown percentages of 48.5% and 51.9% in one-way and two-way scenarios.
The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was associated with the largest fluctuations of 22.0 cm and 41.9 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was associated with the least fluctuations of 0.6 cm and 1.8 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios.
The section having the narrowest width and the lowest depth was the worst section for under keel clearance of 5.0 cm and 33.3 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios. While the section having the widest width and the largest depth was the best section, where its clearance values were 183.2 cm and 155.0 cm in one-way and two-way scenarios.
It is concluded that a numerical model is a valuable tool for predicting and quantifying the hydrodynamic effects of vessels moving through a two-dimensional flow field and can be used to evaluate different scenarios that are difficult to measure in the field or a physical model. Also, it provides visualization products that help us understand the complicated forces produced by vessels moving in a navigation channel.
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Authors and Affiliations

Neveen Abdel-Mageed Badawy
1
Alaa Nabil El-Hazek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hossam Mohamed Elsersawy
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ebtesam Rezk Mohammed
2

  1. Benha University, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Department of Civil Engineering, Cairo, Egypt
  2. National Water Research Center, Nile Research Institute, Fum Ismailiya Canal, P.O. Box 74, Shoubra El-Kheima, 13411, Egypt

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